Abstrak: Association of urinary arsenic concentration with incident diabetes was examined in American Indians from Arizona who have a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes and were screened for diabetes between 1982 and 2007. The population resides where drinking water contains arsenic at concentrations above federally recommended limits. A total of 150 nondiabetic subjects aged ≥25 years who subsequently developed type 2 diabetes were matched by year of examination and sex to 150 controls who remained nondiabetic for ≥10 years. Total urinary arsenic concentration, adjusted for urinary creatinine level, ranged from 6.6 µg/L to 123.1 µg/L, and inorganic arsenic concentration ranged from 0.1 µg/L to 36.0 µg/L. In logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and urinary creatinine level, the odds ratios for incident diabetes were 1.11 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.79, 1.57) and 1.16 (95% CI: 0.89, 1.53) for a 2-fold increase in total arsenic and inorganic arsenic, respectively. Categorical analyses suggested a positive relationship between quartiles of inorganic arsenic and incident diabetes (P = 0.056); post-hoc comparison of quartiles 2-4 with quartile 1 revealed 2-fold higher odds of diabetes in the upper quartiles (OR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.19, 3.85). Modestly elevated exposure to inorganic arsenic may predict type 2 diabetes in American Indians. Larger studies that include measures of speciated arsenic are required for confirmation.

Abstrak: Diabetes mellitus tipe 2 adalah penyakit kronis dimana tubuh tidak bisa menggunakan insulin untuk metabolisme glukosa. Penyakit ini terus menerus bertambah setiap tahun baik pada masyarakat perkotaan maupun pedesaan. Disayangkan, penyakit diabetes mellitus tidak dapat disembuhkan, hanya bisa dikendalikan.Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui faktor dominan terhadap kejadian pre DM dan DM tipe 2 pada Staf Kependidikan FKM UI, Depok. Variabel independen yang diteliti adalah umur, jenis kelamin, riwayat keluarga, asupan zat gizi (energi, karbohidrat, lemak, dan serat), aktivitas fisik, status gizi lebih, lingkar pinggang, dan pengetahuan gizi. Desain studi penelitian yaitu cross sectional dengan analisis chi square. Penelitian dilakukan pada 122 responden dan pada bulan April 2014.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 26,2% penderita pre DMDM (Pre DM (17,2%) dan DM (9%)). Variabel yang memiliki perbedaan proporsi yang bermakna dengan kejadian pre DM-DM adalah umur. Faktor dominan adalah riwayat keluarga dan umur. Staf kependidikan FKM UI diharapkan meningkatkan kesadaran untuk melakukan pola hidup sehat baik makan-makanan seimbang maupun olahraga rutin, dan melakukan pengecekan glukosa darah.

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Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a chronic disease which the body can not use insulin for glucose metabolism. The disease is constantly increasing every year both in urban and rural communities. Unfortunately, diabetes mellitus can not be cured, only controlled.This study aims to determine the dominant factor on the incidence of pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Education Staff at FKM UI, Depok. The independent variables studied were age, sex, family history, the adequacy of nutrients (energy, carbohydrates, fats, and fiber), physical activity, BMI, waist circumference, and nutrition knowledge. The study design is a crosssectional study with a chi-square analysis. The study was conducted on 122 respondents, on April 7 to 25, 2014.Results showed 26.2% of patients with pre-DM - DM (Pre DM (17.2%) and DM (9%)). Variables that had significant differences in the proportion of the incidence of pre-DM and DM is age. Dominant factor is family history ang age. Education Staff at FKM UI is expected to raise awareness for do healthy lifestyle such as eat balanc meals and exercise regularly, and do a blood sugar check.