Ditemukan 3 dokumen yang sesuai dengan query :: Simpan CSV
Muhammad Yusri; Pembimbing: Sandi Iljanto; Penguji: Jaslis Ilyas, Dumilah Ayuningtyas, Yanuar Hamid, Welly Refnealdi
Abstrak:
Berdasarkan data Bagian Radiologi RSUP dr Mohammad Hoesin Palembangtahun 2014, terbanyak foto toraks rawat jalan.Waktu tunggu pelayanan foto toraks tidak sesuai dengan Standar PelayananMinimal Rumah Sakit kurang dari 3 jam.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan denganwaktu tunggu pemeriksaan foto toraks. Penelitian ini dilakukan denganpengukuran waktu tunggu dan waktu pelayanan kepada 68 responden, pada loketpendaftaran, kamar foto, kamar pemrosesan film, kamar baca dan loketpengambilan foto. Data diolah dengan menggunakan SPSS 16. Lama waktutunggu adalah 184,44 menit. Uji statistik didapatkan waktu tunggu kamar bacafoto paling mempengaruhi waktu tunggu foto toraks.Kata kunci :Waktu tunggu, waktu pelayanan, Foto Toraks, Instalasi Radiologi
Department of Radiology Dr. Mohammad Hoesin hospital in Palembang 2014,many patients perform chest x ray examination, whom were patients radiographicoutpatient. The waiting time radiographic services in RSMH not in accordancewith the Standard Minimum Service Hospital less than 3 hours.This study aims to determine the factors associated with waiting time chest X-ray.This research was conducted by measuring the waiting time to 68 selectedrespondentsThe result showed radiographic waiting time 184.44 minutes. Based on statisticaltest found the waiting time in the reading room is the photo that most affect thelength of waiting time radiographic.Keywords :Waiting time, service time, chest x-ray, Radiology
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Department of Radiology Dr. Mohammad Hoesin hospital in Palembang 2014,many patients perform chest x ray examination, whom were patients radiographicoutpatient. The waiting time radiographic services in RSMH not in accordancewith the Standard Minimum Service Hospital less than 3 hours.This study aims to determine the factors associated with waiting time chest X-ray.This research was conducted by measuring the waiting time to 68 selectedrespondentsThe result showed radiographic waiting time 184.44 minutes. Based on statisticaltest found the waiting time in the reading room is the photo that most affect thelength of waiting time radiographic.Keywords :Waiting time, service time, chest x-ray, Radiology
B-1702
Depok : FKM-UI, 2015
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Dina Bisara Lolong; Promotor: Sudijanto Kamso; Ko-Promotor: Sabarinah Prasetyo, Bachti Alisjahbana; Penguji: Purwantyastuti, Soewarta Kosen, Mardiati Nadjib, Asri C. Adisasmita, Faisal Yunus
Abstrak:
Tuberkulosis masih menjadi salah satu penyakit menular yang paling mematikan di dunia. Saat ini diperkirakan 9,6 juta orang memiliki masalah terkait TB pada tahun 2014 (5,4 juta laki-laki; 3,2 juta perempuan; dan 1 juta anak-anak). Kasus tertinggi terdapat di India, Indonesia dan China dengan julah kasus masing-masing: 23%, 10% dan 10%. WHO telah memperkenalkan the End TB Strategy dalam upaya menurunkan prevalensi TB, yang berlaku sejak tahun 2016. Sehubungan dengan strategi tersebut, telah ditetapkan target terkait dengan SDGs yaitu menurunkan jumlah kematian TB sebesar 90% dan jumlah kasus TB baru sebesar 80% dari target tahun 2015 untuk tahun 2030 serta memastikan bahwa tidak ada keluarga dibebani dengan bencana biaya karena TB. Prinsip dasar perawatan kasus tuberkulosis adalah sama di seluruh dunia. Diagnosis harus ditetapkan secara akurat dan sedini mungkin, dan rejimen pengobatan harus sesuai standar. Skrining foto toraks menunjukkan sensitivitas yang baik dalam mengidentifikasi individu dengan risiko tertinggi mengalami TB, terutama ketika kriteria abnormal pada paru-paru dan pleura digunakan. Banyak negara menggunakan skrining foto toraks untuk TB peningkatan deteksi kasus TB. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah: menganalisis positivitas skrining TB dengan memanfaatkan pemeriksaan foto toraks serta potensi kerugian ekonomi yang dapat dicegah. Tujuan khusus adalah menganalisis peningkatan positivitas bakteriologi positif pada skrining TB dengan penambahan foto toraks; menganalisis akurasi dengan penambahan pemeriksaan skrining foto toraks dan implikasinya terhadap biaya pemeriksaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder SPTB yang dilaksanakan tahun 2013-2014 untuk tingkat nasional dan 3 wilayah. Disain SPTB 2013-2014 adalah potong lintang dengan stratified multi-stage cluster sampling. Semua partisipan diwawancarai tentang gejala TB dan dilakukan skrining foto toraks kecuali wanita hamil dan partisipan yang menolak. Suspek adalah partisipan dengan gejala TB atau abnormal foto toraks, pemeriksaan sputum mikroskopik, kultur dan Xpert MTB/Rif dilakukan oleh tujuh laboratorium rujukan TB. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa skrining foto toraks dapat mendeteksi sebesar 97% smear positif, 94% smear negatif, serta 95% dari konfirmasi bakteriologis TB. Sebanyak 30% smear positif dan 51% smear negatif serta 43% konfirmasi bakteriologis TB hanya terdeteksi dari skrining foto toraks tanpa skrining gejala TB. Berarti terdapat kasus TB yang tidak terdeteksi jika tanpa skrining foto toraks dan jika hanya mengandalkan skrining gejala TB di Indonesia tahun 2013-2014, sebanyak 602.717 untuk umur ≥15 tahun, dan 421.250 untuk kelompok umur 18-60 tahun diantaranya, laki-laki 273.810 dan perempuan 147.440. Penambahan skrining foto toraks minimal meningkatkan empat kali konfirmasi bakteriologis TB dibanding dengan hanya skrining gejala TB dan sembilan kali jika bersama-sama skrining gejala dan skrining foto toraks. Sensitivitas dan spesifitas abnomal foto toraks pada skrining gejala positif masing-masing terhadap konfirmasi bakteriologis TB adalah 91,3% dan 47,2%. Hasil lainnya apabila hasil uji diagnostik penambahan skrining foto toraks normal pada skrining gejala positif, maka probabilitas pasien tidak TB adalah sebesar 99,4 %(NPV). Hal ini berarti adanya efisiensi dari sekitar 45% pasien dengan skrining gejala TB positif tetapi skrining foto toraks normal, bukan suspek TB sehingga tidak memerlukan biaya untuk pemeriksaan laboratorium smear dan Xpert MTB/RIF. Umumnya (96%) hasil pemeriksaan Xpert MTB/RIF positif adalah kultur positif yang diacu sebagai gold standard, sedangkan hanya 49% hasil BTA positif diantara kultur positif. Penambahan skrining foto toraks untuk mendeteksi TB dapat menghemat biaya pengeluaran dalam deteksi kasus TB terutama pada laki-laki umur produktif. Sebesar 38% biaya yang dapat dihemat berasal dari biaya tidak langsung yaitu kehilangan tahun produktifitas karena kematian dini dan selama sakit. Biaya yang dapat dihemat ini tinggi terutama pada laki (50%) Penambahan pemeriksaan foto toraks juga dapat menurunkan kematian dan transmisi sebesar 75% pada smear positif dan 30% pada smear negatif. Oleh karena itu rekomendasi utama penelitian ini adalah memasukkan skrining foto toraks selain skrining gejala TB pada alur diagnosis TB dewasa bersama pemeriksaan Xpert MTB/RIF dalam deteksi dini kasus TB untuk menurunkan prevalensi, kematian akibat TB dan transmisi di masyarakat.
Tuberculosis remains one of the world?s deadliest communicable diseases. Worldwide, 9.6 million people was estimated to have TB?s related problems in 2014; i.e 5.4 million in men; 3.2 million women and 1 million children. Globally, India, Indonesia and China had the largest number of TB cases: 23, 10 and 10 of total percentage. WHO has launched the End TB Strategy in the effort of reducing TB?s prevalence that has been implemented since 2016. With regard to the target of the strategy which is linked to the SDGs, 90% of mortality and 80% of the new TB cases (year 2015) should be achieved in 2030. In addition, there should be taken for granted there would not any family be financially burden because of TB. The basic principle to cure TB cases is the same all over the world. Diagnose has to be done accurately and as early as possible. In addition, treatment regiments have to be standardized. Thorax screening has shown as a good sensitivity in identifying a high risk TB suspect, especially when abnormality criterion at lung and pleura is implemented. Many countries has adopting screening of thorax photo to escalate for TB case detection. The purpose of this study is to analyze the positivity of TB screening through thorax photo identification and its economics potential losses that can be prevented. The specific purposes are: to analyze the positivity of bacteriologically TB confirmed in TB screening with chest X-ray; to analyze accuracy of adding chest X-ray screening in a bacteriologicallyTB confirmed and its financial implication on TB diagnose. This study utilized a secondary data of SPTB that has been collected in 2013-2014 for national level and 3 regions representative. The design of the study is a cross-sectional, implementing stratified multi-stages cluster sampling. Participants were interviewed on TB?s symptoms and screened for direct digital chest radiography (DDR) except for pregnant women and those refused to participate. Suspect are those who having symptoms of TB or abnormal thorax photo, assessed for microscopic sputum for acid-fast bacillus (AFB),, culture and Xpert MTB/RIF done by seven referal TB?s laboratory. Study results showed, screening for thorax photo can detect as much as 97% of positive smear, 94% of negative smear and 95% of bacteriologically TB confirmed. Without symptoms of TB, thorax photo can detect 30% positive smear, 51% negative smear and 43% bacteriologically TB confirmed. It can be said that there are TB cases that can?t be detected without taking thorax photo. By doing screening of symptoms only, there are 602,717 cases of age ≥15 years old, 421,250 cases of age 18-60 years among others 273,810 cases are men and 147,440 cases are women were may loss detected. By adding thorax screening we can increase four-fold TB bacteria confirmation and nine-fold when both (symptoms and thorax) are done simultaneously. Sensitivity and specificity of abnormal thorax photo for positive symptom towards TB bacterilogically TB cofirmed was 91.3% and 47.2% respectively. Other results was when the results of thorax photo screening normal, but having positive symptoms, the probability of non TB cases was 99.4% (NPV). Thus, there would be about 45% efficiency can be done for cases of symptom positive ? thorax normal, or non TB suspect which can save finance for laboratory smear assessment and Xpert MTB/RIF. Generally 96% of Xpert MTB/RIF positive was culture positive that used as a gold standard comparing to 49% of BTA positive among culture positive. Using chest X-Ray screening to detect TB could save budget in detecting TB cases, especially at men of productive age. As much as 38% finance reveal as indirect cost that is productivity losses due to premature death and temporary disability. This cost saving is relatively high (50%). By adding thorax photo assessment, it can reduce 75% mortality and TB?s transmission of positive smear and 30% of negative smear. The main recommendation of this study is to implement thorax photo screening in spite of TB?s symptom screening at the diagnoses pathways for adult TB cases, simultaneously with early detection of Xpert MTB/RIF to reduce TB prevalence, mortality as well as transmission in the community.
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Tuberculosis remains one of the world?s deadliest communicable diseases. Worldwide, 9.6 million people was estimated to have TB?s related problems in 2014; i.e 5.4 million in men; 3.2 million women and 1 million children. Globally, India, Indonesia and China had the largest number of TB cases: 23, 10 and 10 of total percentage. WHO has launched the End TB Strategy in the effort of reducing TB?s prevalence that has been implemented since 2016. With regard to the target of the strategy which is linked to the SDGs, 90% of mortality and 80% of the new TB cases (year 2015) should be achieved in 2030. In addition, there should be taken for granted there would not any family be financially burden because of TB. The basic principle to cure TB cases is the same all over the world. Diagnose has to be done accurately and as early as possible. In addition, treatment regiments have to be standardized. Thorax screening has shown as a good sensitivity in identifying a high risk TB suspect, especially when abnormality criterion at lung and pleura is implemented. Many countries has adopting screening of thorax photo to escalate for TB case detection.
D-351
Depok : FKM-UI, 2016
S3 - Disertasi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Utami Purbasari; Promotor: Nurhayati Adnan Prihartono; Kopromotor: Helda, Budhi Antariksa; Penguji: Ratna Djuwita, Sudarto Ronoatmodjo, Yohanes WH George, Rahmad Mulyadi, Rusli Muljadi
Abstrak:
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Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) meningkatkan kebutuhan perawatan intensif pada pasien COVID-19. Diperlukan upaya deteksi cepat untuk memilah prioritas pasien COVID-19 yang berisiko ARDS. Penelitian bertujuan memprediksi derajat ARDS menggunakan kuantifikasi luas opasitas/konsolidasi foto dan mengidentifikasi faktor prediktor ARDS. Metode: Desain studi crossectional dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Fatmawati Jakarta pada Juni-Desember 2022. Uji diagnostik terhadap hasil skoring foto toraks dengan komparasi 3 metode yaitu Brixia, Reeves dan modifikasi skoring foto dengan metode skoring Universal Thorax ARDS Measurement Index (UTAMI) dibandingkan dengan diagnosis ARDS menggunakan kriteria Berlin sebagai gold standard. Hasil: Sebanyak 318 pasien rawat inap COVID-19 dengan pneumonia dianalisis. Faktor laboratorium seperti kadar neutrofil, CRP, D-dimer, saturasi dan respiratory rate merupakan faktor prediktor ARDS dengan metode Berlin. Pada metode skoring UTAMI, diketahui komorbid CAD, CRP dan saturasi oksigen dapat memprediksi kejadian ARDS. CRP merupakan faktor prediktor terhadap ARDS pada kedua metode Berlin (PR 1,28; 95% CI 0,97 -1,70) dan UTAMI (PR 1,71; 95% CI 1,19– 2,46). Pada uji AUROC diketahui bahwa nilai PaO2/FiO2 dengan metode berlin bisa memisahkan pasien ARDS ICU dan non-ARDS ICU dengan akurasi 81,2% sedang Metode skoring UTAMI sebesar 79,8 %. sehingga sensitifitas dan spesifisitas pada metode skoring UTAMI terhitung kategori baik. Kesimpulan: Metode UTAMI dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi level ARDS pasien yang membutuhkan ICU . Saran: Klinisi dapat mengaplikasikan model prediktif ARDS ini untuk meningkatkan pelayanan ICU di rumahsakit
Background: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) has an impact to increase the need for intensive care among COVID-19 patients. Early detection is needed to prioritize COVID-19 patients at risk of ARDS. The research aims to predict the level of ARDS using quantification of the extent of photo opacity/consolidation and identifying factors of ARDS. Method: A cross-sectional study design was carried out at the Fatmawati Central General Hospital, Jakarta in June-December 2022. Diagnostic tests on the results of thorax x-ray scoring using a comparison of 3 methods, consist of Brixia, Reeves and modified photo scoring using the UTAMI method were compared with ARDS diagnosis using the Berlin criteria as gold standards. Results: A total of 318 hospitalized COVID-19 patients with pneumonia were analyzed. Laboratory factors such as neutrophil levels, CRP, D-dimer, saturation and respiratory rate are predictor factors for ARDS using the Berlin method. Meanwhile, using UTAMI scoring, it is known that comorbid CAD, CRP and Oxygen Saturation are predictor the incidence of ARDS. CRP was a predictor factor for ARDS in both the Berlin (PR 1.28; 95% CI 0.97 –1.70) and UTAMI (PR 1.71; 95% CI 1.19–2.46) methods. In the AUROC test, it was found that the PaO2/FiO2 using the Berlin method could separate ARDS ICU patients from non-ARDS ICU patients with an accuracy of 81.2%. Meanwhile, the UTAMI scoring method was 79.8%. so that the sensitivity and specificity of the UTAMI scoring method are in fair discrimination. Conclusion: The UTAMI method can be used to predict a patient's ARDS level. Recommendation: Clinicians could use UTAMI method as predictive model score to estimate the need of Intensive Care Unit in ARDS.
D-505
Depok : FKM-UI, 2024
S3 - Disertasi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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