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Kata Kunci : Kawat kasa, Kelambu, Kejadian Malaria.
Malaria is an infectious disease caused by a parasite that lives in the bloodthrough the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito. Malaria is still a problem inIndonesia since 2015 the total number of 217.025 of malaria cases. In 2015,Lampung province has the most number of cases after Papua, East Nusa Tenggara,West Papua, Maluku, North Sumatera amount of positive 3,991 cases in which theDistrict Pesawaran a malaria endemic districts. The main purpose of this study wasto determine the relationship of behavior and breeding places on the incidence ofmalaria after controlling for potential confounders. This study is a case-controlstudy with a sample size of 180 respondents, with 60 cases and 120 controls aged≥ 15 years, using incident data. Data were analyzed by chi-square test, stratificationand logistic regression. After adjusting confounding variables installation of wirenetting significant relationship with the incidence of malaria (OR : 3,15 ; 95% CI :1,099-9,074; p = 0,033). Out of the house at night, insect repellent, use of mosquitonets, mosquito breeding places and distances breeding places are not relationshipwith the incidence of malaria. Age is a modification effect on the relationshipbetween the use of mosquito nets and malaria. The people should take steps toprevent the installation of wire netting perform at every home ventilation and closeany holes in the walls of houses that potentially could enter and use mosquitonetting when sleeping at night. The people should take steps to prevent malaria bydoing the installation of wire netting at each home ventilation and close any holesin the walls of houses that potentially could enter and use mosquito netting whensleeping at night
Kata Kunci : Wire Netting, Mosquito Net, Malaria.
Malaria merupakan masalah kesehatan dunia termasuk Indonesia. Kasus baru malaria tahun 2009/2010 di seluruh indonesia berdasar Riskesdas 2010 masih tinggi, yaitu 22,9 permil. Beberapa penelitian sebelumnya telah menemukan adanya hubungan antara perilaku dalam mencegah gigitan nyamuk dengan kejadian malaria, tetapi dalam wilayah yang sebatas lokasi penelitian di tingkat kabupaten atau suatu provinsi. Sehingga peneliti merasa tertarik untuk melakukan analisa pada sampel rumah tangga yang ada pada seluruh provinsi di indonesia menggunakan data sekunder Riskesdas 2010. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara penggunaan obat anti nyamuk dan hubungan antara penggunaan kelambu sewaktu tidur dengan kejadian malaria di indonesia tahun 2010. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional, dengan mencari hubungan dua vaiabel utama (Penggunaan obat anti nyamuk dan penggunaan kelambu sewaktu tidur) terhadap terjadinya penyakit malaria. Sumber data adalah data sekunder Riskesdas 2010 dengan total sampel adalah 251.833 responden. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan proporsi responden yang menderita malaria sebesar 2,6 % dan yang tidak menderita malaria 97,4%. Dapat dikatakan bahwa prevalensi malaria di Indonesia tahun 2010 sebesar 26‰. Analisis bivariat menunjukan adanya hubungan bermakna obat anti nyamuk dengan kejadian malaria (p=0,000) dan mendapatkan nilai odds ratio 1,34 (95% Cl: 1,26 – 1,42). Sedangkan hubungan penggunaan kelambu dengan kejadian malaria diperoleh nilai odds ratio (OR)= 0,471 dan 95% Cl: 0,448-0,495 (p= 0,000). Kemudian dilakukan analisis multivariat guna melihat hubungan variabel utama dengan outcome setelah mengontrol pengaruh dari variabel confounder. Didapat hasil, variabel obat anti nyamuk memiliki OR=1,515 (95% CI = 1,25 – 1,84) dengan nilai p = 0,000, setelah dikontol variabel kelambu, variabel endemisitas, dan dikontrol juga dengan adanya variabel interaksi obat anti nyamuk oleh kelambu. Sedangan variabel penggunaan kelambu, dari hasil analisis memiliki OR=0,750 (95% CI = 0,604 - 0,931) dengan nilai p = 0,009, setelah dikontol variabel penggunaan obat anti nyamuk, varibel endemisitas, dan dikontrol juga dengan adanya variabel interaksi kelambu oleh obat anti nyamuk. Kata kunci : Malaria, Obat anti nyamuk, Kelambu, Riskesdas 2010.
Malaria is a major health problem globaly including Indonesia. Based on Riskesdas 2010 data, incidence of malaria 2009/2010, is high, 22.9‰. Previous studies found an association of behavior in preventing mosquito bites with the incidence of malaria, but in a limited area like in the district or a province. So the researcher was interested to analize the households sample in all provinces in Indonesia using Riskesdas 2010 data. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the use of anti-mosquito repellent/insecticide and mosquito bed net with the incidence of malaria in Indonesia by the year of 2010. Study design is cross-sectional, to find the relationship of two main variabels (the use of anti-mosquito repellent/insecticide and the use of mosquito bed net) to the occurence of malaria. Data sources are Riskesdas 2010 data, with a total sample of respondents are 251,833. The results obtain proportion of respondents who infected by malaria of 2.6% and 97.4% did not infected by malaria. It could be argued that the prevalence of malaria in Indonesia in 2010 are 26‰. Bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship of anti-mosquito with malaria incidence (p = 0.000) and obtain the value of odds ratios 1.34 (95% Cl: 1.26 to 1.42). While the relationship with the incidence of malaria bed net use values obtained odds ratio (OR) = 0.471 and 95% Cl: 0.448 to 0.495 (p = 0.000). Then performed multivariate analysis to see the relationship with the primary outcome variables after controlling for the influence of confounder variables. The result, anti-mosquito variable has odds ratio = 1.515 (95% CI = 1.25 to 1.84) with p-value = 0.000, adjusted by net variable, endemicity, and controlled also by the presence of interactions anti-mosquito by bed nets . As a Bed nets variabel, the results of the analysis has odds ratio 0.750 (95% CI = 0.604 to 0.931) with a pvalue = 0.009, adjusted by the use of anti-mosquito, endemicity, and also controlled by an interaction anti-mosquito by bed nets . Key words: Malaria, Anti-mosquito, Mosquito bed net, Riskesdas 2010.
