Ditemukan 114 dokumen yang sesuai dengan query :: Simpan CSV
ABSTRAK Tuberkulosis (TB) adalah penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh infeksi Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb). Penyakit infeksi M.Tb ini menyerang semua negara di dunia. Selain menyebabkan kematian, penderita TB ini juga mengalami kerugian secara ekonomis dan menghadapi stigma negatif di masyarakat. Indonesia merupakan negara dengan jumlah penderita TB terbanyak ke-5 di dunia, dan meskipun program DOTS digalakkan, penurunan insidensinya masih belum berarti. Penelitian ini merupakan studi ekologi dengan desain cross sectional bertujuan mengelompokkan prevalensi TB dan faktor risikonya. Dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret sampai Juni 2013. Data yang dipergunakan merupakan hasil dari Riskesdas dan Survei kependudukan dari BPS tahun 2007. Penggugusan dilakukan dengan cluster analysis, sementara untuk melihat faktor penentu yang paling berperan terhadap prevalensi TB dilakukan dengan multiple regression analysis. Hasil akhir pembentukan klaster yang optimal sebanyak 5, dan didapatkan sebagian besar kabupaten/kota di wilayah Indonesia Bagian Barat dan Tengah berada dalam satu klaster. Empat kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Papua berada dalam satu klaster dan merupakan wilayah dengan prevalensi TB terbesar, dengan ratarata empat faktor risiko lebih tinggi dibandingkan klaster lainnya. Faktor penentu yang paling berpengaruh terhadap prevalensi TB adalah jumlah prevalensi Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Masing-masing klaster menunjukkan permasalahannya sendiri, sehingga dalam upaya untuk menurunkan prevalensi TB di masyarakat dan dengan keterbatasan sumber daya yang dimiliki pemerintah, perlu ditentukan prioritas program yang dilakukan untuk mengatasi faktor risiko TB sesuai dengan permasalahan di tiap-tiap daerah.
ABSTRACT Tuberculosis, a communicable disease transmitted by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, has become a global issue. With its high mortality and morbidity, this disease become a negative stigma in population Indonesia accounts for nearly one twentieth of the global burden of TB. Although it has a growing DOTS programme there has not been a discernible reduction in the incidence of TB in this country. A cross-sectional ecological study was conducted to determine TB prevalence and its risk factors between March and June 2013. Data was taken from Basic Health Research and Demographic Survey from Center of Statistical Bureau 2007, then clustered with cluster analysis, while to find the most affecting risk factor on TB data was analyzed with multiple regression analysis. Result showed the number of optimal cluster was 5, and most city/town in west and central Indonesian region were within one cluster. Four city/town in Papua Province were in one cluster with highestTB prevalence, with four average risk factor higher than other cluster. The determining factor which was the most affecting onTB prevalence was DM prevalence. Since each cluster has its specific problems, Indonesian government has to set priority on program dealing with TB risk factors based on regional problems, inspite of minimal sources.
ABSTRAK
Sistem Jaminan Sosial Nasional memberikan pertimbangan utama untuk memberikanjaminan sosial yang menyeluruh bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia, sehingga semua rakyatIndonesia dapat memperoleh derajat kesehatan yang optimal agar dapat bekerja dan hidupdengan layak. Pada era SJSN tonggak utama pelayanan kesehatan adalah pelayanankesehatan primer sebagai gatekeeper. Saat ini jumlah puskesmas di kota Malang sebanyak 15puskesmas, jumlah tersebut belum berubah sejak tahun 2010 hingga tahun 2013, begitu jugadengan jumlah dokter di puskesmas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesiapanpuskesmas kota malang dalam menyongsong SJSN tahun 2014. Penelitian ini merupakanpenelitian deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional serta wawancara mendalampada informan dan studi literature. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keterbatasan jumlahpuskesmas serta kurangnya ketersediaan tenaga kesehatan menyebabkan ketidaksiapanpuskesmas dalam menyongsong SJSN tahun 2014.
ABSTRACT
Universal coverage gives primary consideration to provide a comprehensive social securityfor all Indonesian people, so that all the people of Indonesia can obtain optimal health statusin order to work and live decently. Universal coverage a major milestone in the era of healthcare is primary health care as a gatekeeper. Currently the number of health centers in the cityof Malang as much as 15 health centers, that number has not changed since the year 2010until the year 2013, as well as the number of doctors in the health centers. This study aims toanalyze the city primary health center readiness in facing National Social Insurance in2014. This research is a descriptive analytical cross-sectional approach and in-depthinterviews with informants and the literature study. The results showed that the limitednumber of health centers and the lack of availability of health centers lead to unpreparednessin facing National Social Insurance in 2014.
Kata kunci: AIDS; HIV; Implementasi Kebijakan; Kota Tangerang;
PPIA PMTCT is part of a series of HIV and AIDS control efforts. The ultimate goal is that infants born to mothers with HIV are released from HIV, and mothers and infants remain alive and well. Currently with the Regulation of the Minister of Health No. 43 of 2016 on Minimum Service Standards (MSP) of the health sector for the District / City explicitly states that everyone is at risk of HIV infection (pregnant women, TB patients, STI patients, transgender, drug users, and prisoners) get standard HIV testing with 100% achievement targets. This target is quite heavy when looking at data PMTCT achievement during this time is still very low. Regular data of Tangerang City Health Office in 2017, coverage of first antenatal visit to health worker of Tangerang City has reached 100% but the number of pregnant women tested by HIV is only 4,230 people or only 10% (SIHA, 2017). Therefore, the researcher conducted analysis of policy implementation of Prevention of Mother to Child of HIV Transmission (PMTCT) to get in-depth information how the implementation of PMTCT policy in Tangerang City 2017. This research is a qualitative research with data collection technique in depth interview and focus group discussion. Triangulation of sources is done by comparing data obtained from one informant with another informant. The study of the documents produced, as well as the literature study done as a comparison to the information that has been obtained. The results showed that the implementation of PMTCT policy in Tangerang City in 2017 still not in accordance with the policy in PMTCT Program Management Guidelines and Implementation Guidelines of PMTCT, so that the output has not depicted the implementation of PMTCT as a whole. Communication factors are factors that affect implementation, especially communication with clinics, private hospitals and independent midwives. Resource factors, especially facilities, need to be considered for the distribution of reagents and RDT not only in puskesmas but also to private health care facilities. Disposition factors, especially the commitment to Tangerang City Hospital is able to become a reference hospital PPIA. Bureaucratic structural factors need to be established cross-program / cross-sectoral teams in PPIA services joining HIV topics, as well as strengthening the recording and reporting of independent midwives on indicators of pregnant women tested for HIV and HIV-positive pregnant women. Socio-economic conditions support PMTCT services with a free health insurance program through Universal Health Coverage (UHC) for all citizens of Tangerang City. However, there are still stigma and discrimination that can prevent pregnant women from testing HIV.
Key words: AIDS; HIV; PMTCT; policy implementation; Tangerang City
Metodenya adalah dengan pendekatan penilaian diri terhadap rumah sakit yang diaplikasikan untuk menilai kesiapsiagaan bencana dalam 151 item yang dikategorikan dalam tiga komponen termasuk keselamatan struktural, keselamatan nonstruktural, dan manajemen Bencana dan Kegawatdaruratan. Data primer tersebut kemudian diolah melalui Ms Excel dan hasilnya berupa mean untuk setiap komponen pada manajemen bencana rumah sakit lalu diklasifikasikan ke dalam kategori A (0.66-0.1), B (0.36-0.65), atau C (0-0.35).
Hasil dari penelitian ini total nilai Hospital Safety Index untuk masing-masing rumah sakit, yaitu 0,90 untuk RSUD Taman Husada, 0,99 untuk RS Pupuk Kaltim, dan untuk RS 0,79 Islam Bontang. Namun tetap menunjukkan bahwa manajemen bencana rumah sakit telah siap dalam menghadapi bencana dan tetap berfungsi dalam situasi bencana. Meskipun demikian, rumah sakit tetap perlu melakukan usaha pencegahan dalam jangka panjang untuk meningkatkan kesiapsiagaan bencana.
Until now, pneumonia cases still occupy the first position as an infectious disease that causes morbidity and mortality in children under five in Indonesia. The city of Semarang in the last 10 years has not shown a decrease in the trend of pneumonia cases under five based on the Semarang City Health Profile. Climatic factors are one of the risk factors that can affect the susceptibility of the host and present environmental conditions that support pneumonia pathogens to survive. This study aims to determine the correlation between exposure to climate variability (length of sunshine, average air temperature, relative humidity, rainfall and maximum wind speed) on the incidence of pneumonia under five in Semarang City in 2012 – 2021. This study used an ecological study design. time series. Methods of analysis include univariate, bivariate and multivariate. This study uses secondary data on cases of pneumonia under five and the climate data of Semarang City in 2012-2021. The univariate results found that the highest average case occurred in March. Analysis of climate data obtained the result that the highest average length of sunshine occurred in August. The highest average air temperature occurs in October. The highest relative humidity occurs in January-February. The highest average rainfall occurs in January-February. The highest average maximum wind speed occurs in January. Spearman correlation test showed a significant relationship (p < 0,05) at lag 0 relative humidity (r = 0.212) and rainfall (r = 0.198); lag 1 duration of sunshine (r = - 0.206), average air temperature (r = - 0.382), relative humidity (r = 0.336), rainfall (r = 0.283); lag 2 duration of sunshine (r = - 0.270), average air temperature (r = - 0.332), relative humidity (r = 0.282), rainfall (r = 0.185); lag 3 duration of sunshine (r = - 0.240), rainfall (r = 0.195). The multivariate test of GAMs Poisson obtained the results that the duration of sunlight (lags 0, 1 and 3), average air temperature (lags 1 and 3), relative humidity (lag 3), rainfall (lag 1) and maximum wind speed (lag 2) has an effect on pneumonia under five in the city of Semarang (R2 = 0.558; RMSE = 6.94). Based on these results, it is important for the community to increase awareness of climate variability and the Health Office is expected to consider the pattern of climate variability in the months that indicate a potential increase in cases in prevention planning and surveillance activities for pneumonia under five in Semarang City.
