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This thesis discuss about explosion risk analysis from chemical material at PT Z, the studyis focusing on Vapour Cloud Explosion (VCE) that caused from four spherical tank pipingrelease. The analysis using 3D Computational Fluid Dynamic approach with FLACSSoftware. The methods that used on this study is qualitative with descriptive design andusing QRA Method to analyzing explosion risk at PT Z. the result from this study is anexplosion incident, generated a blastwave that can be damage to structure building likeoffice building, warehouse, and other building outside PT Z Facilities. A blastwave alsocan damage human body. The power of blastwave affect by some factors like geometry,Combustible Material, Confinement, and Environment condition. The maximum pressurefrom several monitor point is about 4 Psi. The recommendation to PT Z is always tomaintaining their equipment, tools, and facilities like tank and pipe. Also they must doroutines audit for explosion preventive.Kata kunci:FLACS, EXPLOSION, VCE, LPG, QRA.
Introduction: Major fire accident involving static electricity still become serious latent problem (1), this similar to PT XYZ which still experience serious fire incident caused by static electric. This study intend to do the analysis of the adequacy of the protection to fire and explosion caused by electric static at hazardous process at paint production. Methode: This analysis is using bow tie analysis and risk assasment matrix, Bow Tie analysis describe and visualize the correlation between what caused rsik, top event, and control that used to anticipate the incident happened and also mitigation barrier that can prevent from further escalation, then risk assasment matrix give semiquantitative risk calculation to reflect the level of risk. From this determination than we decide recommended control base on best practice and standard which is relevant. Results: From this study we found that at paint manufacture PT XYZ only 22% of protection is adequate to prevent from electrostatic, than 7% of threat still categorized very high , 40% is high risk , and 31% is moderate risk. Base on best practice and literature study than we recommend some of action that need to be taken to improve the barrier. Conclution: The recommendation basicly is to improve the visibility of grounding performance using lam indicator, improve visibility of flammable atmosphere using LEL detection , to reduce electrostatic discharge during process by control the liquid flow, to improve charge relaxation by selecting the tools properly, and to prevent fire during cleaning by inerting and reduce the solvent mist, also to increase the conductivity of non conductive solvent by adding conductivity agent
The use of biogas in supporting development activities has the risk of fire and explosion due to the structure of its constituent composition. The accident rate due to biogas in Europe was recorded quite significantly in the period 2007 2014, there are 144 cases of which 17 fatalities. This study aims to analyze the risk of fire and explosion at the biogas plant at PT X with a quantitative approach through analysis of the likelihood, consequence, and estimating the level of risk of fire and explosion at the biogas plant at PT X. Analysis of the possibility of fire and explosion risk using the Event Tree Analysis method (ETA) and for the analysis of consequences using the software Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmosphere (ALOHA) v.5.4.7. The result of this research is that there is a scenario of gas leakage from the pipeline during biogas operation which has an impact on jet fire, flash fire and explosion with a probability of 1.08, E-06 for jet fire, 1.30, E-05 for flash fire, and 8, 64,E-06 for explosion. The impact of the jet fire was 20 meters, the vapor cloud reached 63 meters, the explosion was 26 meters, and the toxic threat zone was less than 10 meters. The individual risk for a job with a working time of 10 hours such as a biogas operational assistant is 6.935 x 10-9 and for a job with a working time of 12 hours such as a biodigester, gas engine and security operator is 8.322 x 10-9. Total Potential Loss of Life (PLL) is 1,304 x 10-7. Thus, individual and social risks are still at an acceptable level. Recommendations that can be given are implementing risk-based preventive controls, evaluating fire protection systems, developing crisis management and emergency response programs both in terms of human resources and facilities
Introduction: Hydrocarbons are flammable materials can cause major accidents and explosions at offshore platform hydrocarbon processing. Fires and explosions on offshore platforms are relatively rare accidents but can have unforeseen consequences that can have a significant impact on fatality and loss of assets. Methods: Descriptive method with quantitative design from secondary data in 2020 (cross sectional) and literature study without intervention on the research object (non-experimental) using software (PHAST) to evaluate the consequences of fire and explosion models. Frequency analysis with fault tree and event tree analysis methods, to analyse the possibility of overpressure and major accidents events on offshore platforms hydrocarbon processing facilities which are Major Hazard Plants. Result: The highest risk level for the personnel fatality working on the offshore platform is in the ALARP Region level from the largest contributor to the flash fire scenario with the number of fatalities as many as 10 peoples and the frequency value of 3.26E-08/year means 1 out of 30,674,847 flash fire scenario opportunities in 1 year can occur to cause fatality of 10 people, while the risk to assets is in an acceptable risk level from the largest contributor to the jet fire scenario with loss of assets 40,590,800.00 and the highest frequency value is 6.31E-08/year) means that 1 in 15,847,861 opportunities of a jet fire scenario in 1 year can occur to cause asset loss of $ 40,590,800 from fires and explosions in overpressure scenarios that have the potential to occur on the new offshore platform taking into account some of the safety systems that have been defined in the design. Conclusion: There is no need for additional mitigation because the safety system that has been determined in the design is sufficient to prevent major accidents that can occur so that the new offshore platform is declared safe to operate.
ABSTRAK
Spherical tank yang berisi Butana merupakan subjek berpotensi hazard (kebocoran, kebakaran dan ledakan) yang dapat memberikan konsekuensi terhadap fasilitas dan manusia sebagai obyek penerima yang berada pada radius pajanan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pemodelan dengan input data primer dan sekunder yang diaplikasikan dalam perangkat lunak ALOHA, Area Locations of Hazardous Atmosphere. Hasil penelitian terhadap skenario kejadian kebocoran, kebakaran dan ledakan di fasilitas pengolahan minyak dan Gas PT Z mendapatkan nilai konsukeuensi zona bahaya sampai radius satu kilometer. Zona aman setelah radius satu kilometer.
ABSTRACT
Spherical tanks containing Butane is subject of potentially hazard (leak, fire and explosion) which can bring facility and human consequences as the recipient objects which are in the radius of exposure. This research uses input modeling with primary and secondary data which applied in the Area Locations of Hazardous Atmosphere (ALOHA) software. The study of the leak, fire and explosion incidence scenario at oil and gas processing facilities of PT Z scores shows threat zone to a radius of one kilometer. Safety zone distance after radius kilometer.
