Abstrak: Several studies have found an association between sleep duration and morbidity and mortality, but no previous studies have examined the association between sleep disturbances and semen quality. We conducted a cross-sectional study among 953 young Danish men from the general population who were recruited in Copenhagen at the time of determination of fitness for military service between January 2008 and June 2011. All of the men delivered a semen sample, had a blood sample drawn, underwent a physical examination, and answered a questionnaire including information about sleep disturbances. Sleep disturbances were assessed on the basis of a modified 4-item version of the Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire, which includes questions on sleep patterns during the past 4 weeks. Sleep disturbances showed an inverse U-shaped association with sperm concentration, total sperm count, percent motile and percent morphologically normal spermatozoa, and testis size. Men with a high level of sleep disturbance (score >50) had a 29% (95% confidence interval: 2, 48) lower adjusted sperm concentration and 1.6 (95% confidence interval: 0.3, 3.0) percentage points' fewer morphologically normal spermatozoa than men with a sleep score of 11-20. This appears to be the first study to find associations between sleep disturbances and semen quality. In future studies, investigators should attempt to elucidate mechanistic explanations and prospectively assess whether semen quality improves after interventions restoring a normal sleeping pattern.

Abstrak: In a cross-sectional study among 953 young Danish men (2008-2011), Jensen et al. reported that sleep disturbances showed inverse U-shaped associations with semen parameters and testis size (Am J Epidemiol. 2013;177(10):1027-1037). Sleep disturbances were associated with several factors likely to affect semen parameters (such as history of sexually transmitted infections) that cannot all be efficiently controlled for, leaving room for residual confounding. Future studies could adopt a longitudinal design and rely on objective personal measures of sleep quality and duration using accelerometers. Intervention studies would also be helpful to identify whether sleep disturbances (or improvement of sleep quality) can lead to short-term variations in semen parameters. This study adds another suspect to the list of factors possibly influencing male fecundity potential, which also includes overweight, exposure to tobacco smoke (in adulthood and in utero), exposure to specific persistent (lead, organic pollutants) and nonpersistent (some phthalates, bisphenol A) environmental pollutants, and exposure to atmospheric pollutants. Even if each of these factors has a weak impact at the individual level, the large number of factors and the relatively high prevalence of exposure in the general population make it likely that at the population level, lifestyle and environmental factors put a high burden on male fecundity potential.

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ABSTRAK Nama :  Bayu Rizki Sanjaya Program Studi              :  Magister Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat Judul                            :   Asosiasi Pajanan Benzene Terhadap Kadar Hemoglobin  (Studi Pada Pekerja Laki-Laki Di Industri Sepatu Informal Cibaduyut, Jawa Barat) xvi + 85 halaman, 16 tabel, 9 gambar Benzene merupakan senyawa yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan. Dampak nonkarsinogenik yang diakibatkan diantaranya anemia dan pensitopenia. Pada pajanan benzene ditingkat rendah, menunjukkan adanya perbedaan dampak hematologi. Kadar hemoglobin merupakan salah satu parameter awal yang digunakan untuk mengetahui dampak hematologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengtahui asosiasi pajanan benzene terhadap kadar hemoglobin. hasil penelitian. Metode penelitian. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional. Pemilihan sampel mengggunakan cluster satu tingkat. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 71 pekerja laki-laki responden. Pengukuran benzene menggunakan metode NIOSH 1501, pemeriksaan kadar hemoglobin menggunakan automated hematlogy analyzer. Lama kerja, usia, status merokok, konsumsi alkohol dan riwayat infeksi diukur menggunakan kuesioner Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata pajanan benzene adalah 0,34 ppm dan kadar hemoglobin pekerja laki-laki adalah15,34 ± 1,14 g/dL. Berdasarkan analisis statistik, rata-rata kadar hemoglobin pajanan benzene  ≤ 0,50 ppm adalah 15.15 g/dL (95% CI : 14.80 - 15.50) dan pada pajanan benzene   0,51 – 1 ppm adalah g/dL 15.55 (95% CI : 15.19 - 15.91). Pekerja dengan lama kerja lebih dari 6 tahun memiliki kadar hemoglobin lebih rendah 0,7 g/dL (95% CI: -1.32 s.d. -0.13) dibandingkan pekerja dengan lama kerja kurang dari 6 tahun. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pajanan benzene di bawah 1 ppm tidak ada asosiasi yang signifikan terhadap kadar hemoglobin, namun pekerja terdapat indikasi bahwa durasi pajanan yang diukur dengan lama kerja berasosiasi dengan penurunan hemoglobin. Kata kunci: benzene, hemoglobin, pekerja laki-laki

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ABSTRACT Name :  Bayu Rizki Sanjaya Program of Study :  Master of Public Health Title of Thesis              :   Association of benzene exposures and hemoglobin (Study among the footware male workers in Cibaduyut West Java) xvi + 85 pages, 16 tables, 9 pictures Benzene is one of the chemical substances which can cause some health effect. Noncarcinogenics effect can caused by benzene is anemia and pancytopenia. Benzene at lower concentrations have is conflicting evidence on potential hematological effects. Hemoglobin is one of hematological paramaters of hematological effects. The purpose of this study to explain association benzene exposure and effect of hemoglobin.   Cross sectional study design was used, and 71 male workers selected by cluster random sampling. Benzene measurement used NIOSH 1501 method and hemoglobin measurement used by automated hematalogy analyzer.  Confounding factors such as work duration, age, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and history of infection measurements by questionnares.   The results showed that means of benzene exposure is 0,34 ppm and means of hemoglobin is 15,34 ± 1,14 g/dL. Statistical analysis showed that means of hemoglobin at benzene exposure ≤ 0,50 ppm is 15.15 g/dL (95% CI : 14.80 - 15.50) and means of hemoglobin at benzene exposure   0,51 - 1 ppm is 15.55 g/dL (95% CI : 15.19 - 15.91). Male-workers that work duration more than 6 yearshave decreased of hemoglobin 0,7 g/dL (95% CI: -1.32 s.d. -0.13). The conclution is benzene exposure below 1 ppm statistically not association with hemoglobin. However long-time exposure of benzene that measure with work duration statistically significant with decreased of hemoglobin. Keywords: benzene, hemoglobin, male workers

Abstrak: Di Indonesia, peningkatan kasus HIV(+) terjadi secara substantif pada tahun-tahunterakhir, khususnya pada lelaki seks dengan lelaki (LSL). Tujuan studi ini adalahmengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan HIV(+) pada LSL. Penelitianini dilakukan studi cross sectional untuk meneliti faktor-faktor yang berhubungandengan HIV(+) pada LSL di Kota Makassar, Tangerang dan Yogyakarta, Indonesiadan dampak dari faktor risiko yang dominan, dengan menggunakan data SurveiTerpadu Biologi dan Perilaku Tahun 2013. Analisis regresi logistik dilakukan untukmenilai faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan HIV(+). Prevalensi HIV(+) padaLSL dalam studi ini sebesar 17,19%. Memiliki setidaknya 2 pasangan seks lelakipada bulan terakhir berhubungan dengan peningkatan risiko HIV(+) (adjusted OR2,43; 95% CI: 1,15-5,13). LSL dengan banyak pasangan seksual lelaki akanmeningkatkan risiko terinfeksi HIV(+). Dampak potensial menjadi HIV(+) padaLSL dengan banyak pasangan seks lelaki sebesar 70,8%. Sementara itu penggunaankondom inkonsisten menjadi faktor protektif kemungkinan disebabkan olehketerbatasan studi di mana pemakaian kondom konsisten pada pasangan seks tidaktetap belum dapat menggambarkan penggunaan kondom konsisten pada pasangantetap, waria, pelanggan dan pasangan membeli seks, kemungkinan adanya biaspewawancara, bias normatif, clever hans effect bias, dan bias insidens-prevalens.Memfokuskan promosi setia pada satu pasangan seksual; konseling dan testing HIVpada LSL dan pasangannya, termasuk lakukan tes HIV rutin setiap 6 bulan padaLSL dengan HIV(-) akan efektif mengurangi angka penularan HIV. Pelatihanpewawancara, pewawancara yang tepat, penelitian lebih lanjut tentang kesalahanpemakain kondom disarankan untuk meminimalkan bias.Kata kunci: HIV(+), LSL, pasangan seks lelaki.

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Abstrak: A recent meta-analysis of 7 genome-wide association studies on early balding (alopecia) revealed single nucleotide polymorphism variants in the region of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) gene TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TARDBP/TDP-43). We therefore explored the association of early-onset alopecia and ALS in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, a large cohort of 51,529 US men. In 1992, the participants (then aged 46-81 years) were asked to report their hair line pattern at age 45 years. During the follow-up period (1992-2008), 42 men were diagnosed with ALS. Of those, 13 had reported no alopecia, 18 had reported moderate alopecia, and 11 had reported extensive alopecia at age 45 years. Those who reported extensive alopecia had an almost 3-fold increased risk of ALS compared with those who reported no alopecia (relative risk = 2.74, 95% confidence interval: 1.23, 6.13). Furthermore, we observed a linear trend of increased risk of ALS with increasing level of balding at age 45 years (Ptrend = 0.02). In conclusion, men with early-onset alopecia seem to have a higher risk of ALS. The mechanisms underlying this association deserve further investigation.

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ABSTRAK Nama : Lhuri Dwianti Rahmartani Program Studi : Epidemiologi Peminatan : Epidemiologi Klinik Judul : Hubungan Pengetahuan tentang Fungsi Kondom dengan Penggunaannya pada Remaja Laki-laki Pelaku Hubungan Seksual Pranikah di Indonesia: Analisis Data Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia 2012 Peningkatan tren praktik hubungan seksual pranikah pada remaja laki-laki di Indonesia tidak disertai tindakan preventif yang adekuat. Tidak sampai 28% dari mereka yang menggunakan kondom secara konsisten. Pada populasi remaja umum di Indonesia, sebanyak 30%-nya tidak tahu bahwa kondom dapat mencegah kehamilan dan 40%-nya tidak tahu kondom dapat mencegah infeksi menular seksual (IMS). Studi potong lintang dari analisis SDKI 2012 ini berupaya melihat asosiasi pengetahuan tentang fungsi kondom terhadap penggunaan kondom pada remaja laki-laki pelaku hubungan seksual pranikah. Hasilnya, setelah memperhitungkan faktor demografis, pengetahuan kespro, dan perilaku lainnya, penggunaan kondom lebih tinggi pada responden yang memiliki pengetahuan tentang kedua fungsi kondom (PR 2,38; 95% CI 1,47 – 3,85) dibandingkan responden yang hanya tahu salah satu fungsi atau tidak tahu sama sekali. Kata kunci: Hubungan seksual pranikah, kondom, remaja, laki-laki, pengetahuan, perilaku berisiko

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ABSTRACT Name : Lhuri Dwianti Rahmartani Study Program : Epidemiology Major : Clinical Epidemiology Judul : Association between Knowledge of Condom Functions and Condom Use among Sexually-active Unmarried Male Adolescents in Indonesia: Analysis of Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey 2012 The increasing trend of premarital sex among Indonesian male adolescents is not accompanied with protective behavior. Less than 28% of sexually-active unmarried male adolescents use condoms consistently. Approximately, 30% of Indonesian adolescents do not know that condoms can help prevent pregnancy and 40% of them do not know that condoms can help prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This cross-sectional study using IDHS 2012 aims to see whether there is an association between knowledge on condom functions and condom use, particularly among unmarried male adolescents in Indonesia. After controlling with other covariates such as demographic, knowledge on reproductive health, and other behavior indicators, the prevalence of condom use is significantly higher in respondents who know both functions of condoms, than in respondents who only know either function or not at all (adjusted PR 2,38; 95% CI 1,47 – 3,85). Keywords: Premarital sex, condom, adolescent, male, knowledge, risky behavior

Abstrak: Purpose: Research examining the relationship between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related risk behavior and negative affective states has netted mixed findings. The present study examined the potential moderating role of gender and sexual orientation on negative affect and HIV-related risk behavior.

Design: Measures of depression, anxiety, and HIV-related risk behavior were collected from participants at the time of pretest counseling. Analysis of variance was used to examine HIV-related risk behavior as a function of negative affect levels and gender and behavioral sexual orientation.

Setting: The study was conducted through a community-based, anonymous HIV counseling and testing site.

Subjects: Participants included 185 consecutively recruited men and women presenting for HIV testing.

Measures: Participants completed a structured interview regarding HIV-related risk behavior, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depressed Mood Scale, and the Beck Anxiety Inventory.

Results: Greater HlV-related risk behavior was associated with high levels of anxiety and moderate or high levels of depression for bisexual women. Greater HIV-related risk behavior was also associated with low levels of anxiety and mild to moderate levels of depression for bisexual men.

Conclusions: The relationship between negative affective states and HIV-related risk behavior may vary as a function of gender and behavioral sexual orientation. Better understanding of the relationship between negative affect and risk behavior may be achieved through consideration of these sources of variation.