Abstrak: In a national cohort comprising 1.5 million Danes born from 1966 to 1992, we studied the association between childhood socioeconomic status (SES) and the risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) from 1981 to 2007 using information about household income and parental educational levels at the person's 15th birthday. The association between childhood SES and MS was evaluated using MS incidence rate ratios with 95% confidence intervals obtained in log-linear Poisson regression analyses. We found no strong association between childhood SES and MS but did observe a tendency toward a reduced risk of MS among children from households with more highly educated parents, particularly mothers. Children whose mothers had a secondary (rate ratio = 0.95, 95% confidence interval: 0.86, 1.04) or higher (rate ratio = 0.86, 95% confidence interval: 0.76, 0.97) education had reduced risks of MS (5% and 14%, respectively) compared with children of mothers with a basic education (P for trend = 0.02). Results were practically unchanged in an analysis restricted to persons aged 15-29 years, among whom the possible effect of own SES on MS risk is considered limited. Overall, SES in childhood seems of no major importance for the subsequent risk of MS; however, offspring of well-educated mothers may be at a slightly reduced risk of MS.

Abstrak: Penelitian ini merupakan sebuah studi cross sectional yang bertujuan melihat hubungan pendidikan orang tua, pola konsumsi susu saat balita, dan faktor-faktor lain dengan status gizi (TB/U) serta dampak TB/U terhadap prestasi belajar. Penelitian melibatkan 96 anak kelas satu di SDN Kedung Waringin 02 dan 03, data-data diperoleh dari pengukuran tinggi badan secara langsung, pengisian kuesioner oleh ibu, dan nilai rapor dari sekolah.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata tinggi badan anak laki-laki (115.85cm ± 5.14) lebih rendah dibandingkan anak perempuan (117.45cm ± 5.75). Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik antara pendidikan ibu, pendidikan ayah, dan pola konsumsi susu saat balita dengan TB/U pada anak kelas satu. Tidak ditemukan hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik antara TB/U dengan prestasi belajar, akan tetapi anak dengan tubuh yang pendek (Z-score TB/U < -2SD) cenderung memiliki rata-rata prestasi belajar yang lebih rendah (71.94) daripada anak dengan tubuh yang tidak pendek (Z-score TB/U ≥ -2SD) (76.40). Pendidikan ibu dan ayah, dan pola konsumsi susu saat balita yang baik merupakan faktor-faktor yang dapat mendukung tercapainya status gizi (TB/U) yang baik.

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This study was a cross sectional study that examines the relationships of parental education, the pattern of consumption of milk in toddler, and other factors with nutritional status (H/A) and the impact of H/A on learning achievement. The study involved 96 children in first class at SDN Kedung Waringin 02 and 03, the data obtained from direct measurements of height, filling out maternal questionnaires, and school report scores.The results showed the average height of boys (115.85cm ± 5.14) lower than girls (117.45cm ± 5.75). There are statistically significant relationships between mother's education, father's education, and the toddler pattern of milk consumption with H/A on first-grade children. Found no statistically significant association between H/A with school learning achievement, but children with short stature (Z-score H/A <-2SD) tend to have average lower learning achievement (71.94) than children without short stature (Z-score H/A ≥-2SD) (76.40). Maternal and paternal educations, and patterns of milk consumption in toddler that good are all factors that can support the achievement of good nutritional status (H/A).

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