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Asri Masitha Arsyati; Promotor: Hadi Pratomo; Kopromotor: Raden Irawati, Sabarinah B Prasetyo; Penguji: Purnawan Junadi, Rita Damayanti, Bambang Setiaji, Dian Ayubi, Titik Haryati
Abstrak:
Indonesia menjadi darurat kejahatan seksual anak dalam 4 tahun terakhir. Jumlah kasus setiap tahunnya menunjukan peningkatan dengan tren semakin dini usia korban yang meninggal akibat kejahatan seksual bayi dan balita (KPAI,2014). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan model intervensi pendidikan kesehatan bagi ibu balita melalui kader posyandu dalam pencegahan kekerasan seksual balita. Desain penelitian ini eksperimen semu dengan 3 kelompok yatu intervensi model individu, intervensi model kelompok dan kelompok kontrol. Penelitian dilaksanakan di 3 Kecamatan Kota Bogor yaitu Kecamatan Bogor Utara dan Bogor Timur sebagai wilayah intervensi dan Kecamatan Bogor Tengah sebagai kontrol. Penelitian dibagi menjadi dua tahap yaitu pengembangan media 6 bulan dan intervensi 6 bulan. Pengukuran terhadap pengetahuan, sikap dan praktik ibu balita diukur sebanyak 4 kali yaitu sebelum intervensi dan 3 kali setelah intervensi selama 4 bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa intervensi pendidikan kesehatan pencegahan kekerasan seksual anak di posyandu dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap dan praktik kader dan ibu balita baik dengan model pendidikan individu maupun kelompok. Metode pendidikan individu terbukti meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap dan praktik ibu balita lebih tinggi di bandingkan metode kelompok pada bulan pertama intervensi. Media buklet merupakan media yang paling mudah dipahami dan paling sering dimanfaatkan ibu balita dibandingkan media poster dan lembar balik. Model intervensi ini diharapkan dapat diaplikasikan dalam program Kementrian Kesehatan dan Kementrian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan anak serta Komisi Perlindungan Anak dalam koordianasi upaya pencegahan, pelaporan dan pengobatan korban.
Sexual abuse among children in Indonesia is worrying within the last 4 years where the number of cases increased each year. In addition, its trend increasingly occurred among early ages (KPAI,2014). This study aimed to develop the intervention model of health behavior for mothers with children under five (CU5) through Posyandu cadre in preventing child sexual abuse. The study design used quasy-experiment among three group; group of individual intervention model, group intervention model, and control group. The study was conducted in three different sub-districts in Bogor City ; North Bogor and East Bogor as intervention group, and Central Bogor as control group; and consisted of two phases; media development and intervention in 12 months. Knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of mothers with CU5 were measured 4 times before the intervention and 3 times after the intervention within four months. The result showed that the intervention of sexual child abuse education in Posyandu cadre escalated KAP in both group and individual intervention as well. The individual intervention increased KAP higher than group intervention. Booklet was more understandable and commonly used ineducating than poster or flipchart. This study expects the model is possibly implemented as a formal program of Ministry of Health, Ministry of women and children empowerment and Child Protection Commisionare in preventing, reporting and recovering child sexual abuse.
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Sexual abuse among children in Indonesia is worrying within the last 4 years where the number of cases increased each year. In addition, its trend increasingly occurred among early ages (KPAI,2014). This study aimed to develop the intervention model of health behavior for mothers with children under five (CU5) through Posyandu cadre in preventing child sexual abuse. The study design used quasy-experiment among three group; group of individual intervention model, group intervention model, and control group. The study was conducted in three different sub-districts in Bogor City ; North Bogor and East Bogor as intervention group, and Central Bogor as control group; and consisted of two phases; media development and intervention in 12 months. Knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of mothers with CU5 were measured 4 times before the intervention and 3 times after the intervention within four months. The result showed that the intervention of sexual child abuse education in Posyandu cadre escalated KAP in both group and individual intervention as well. The individual intervention increased KAP higher than group intervention. Booklet was more understandable and commonly used ineducating than poster or flipchart. This study expects the model is possibly implemented as a formal program of Ministry of Health, Ministry of women and children empowerment and Child Protection Commisionare in preventing, reporting and recovering child sexual abuse.
D-336
Depok : FKM-UI, 2016
S3 - Disertasi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Amelia Dyah Kartika Sari; Pembimbing: Sabarinah; Penguji: Ella Nurlaella Hadi, Evi Martha, Anggi Osyka, Nanang Aminudin Rachman
Abstrak:
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Kekerasan seksual pada anak merupakan silent health emergency yang mempengaruhi status kesehatan dan kesejahteraan anak sepanjang hidupnya. Berdasarkan data SIMFONI PPA pada tahun 2023, kasus kekerasan seksual di Indonesia tahun 2019 hingga 2023 terus mengalami peningkatan dan lebih dari 30% terjadi pada anak usia 13 – 17 tahun. Anak di bawah 17 tahun memiliki kerentanan dasar, namun status disabilitas membuat anak menjadi 2-4 kali lebih berisiko mengalami kekerasan seksual dibandingkan dengan anak tanpa disabilitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor yang berkontribusi pada kejadian kekerasan seksual pada anak dengan disabilitas usia 13 – 17 tahun di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan kerangka Teori Dependensi Ganda yang menganalisis faktor internal (jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, pengetahuan kesehatan reproduksi, dan status pekerjaan) dan faktor eksternal (tingkat ekonomi, keberadaan orang tua kandung, tempat tinggal, status pasangan, dukungan keluarga, dan dukungan teman) terhadap kekerasan seksual pada anak dengan disabilitas berusia 13 – 17 tahun. Penelitian ini menggunakan data Survei Nasional Pengalaman Hidup Anak dan Remaja (SNPHAR) di Indonesia pada tahun 2021 dengan desain studi potong lintang dan sampel sebanyak 1.213 anak disabilitas berusia 13 – 17 tahun, yang dianalisis menggunakan uji regresi logistik. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 13,4% anak disabilitas mengalami kekerasan seksual, dengan 72,4% merupakan kekerasan seksual kontak dan 42,9% adalah kekerasan seksual non-kontak. Faktor yang berkontribusi pada kekerasan terhadap anak adalah jenis kelamin (aOR: 1,50; 95% CI: 1,04-2,13), status pasangan (aOR: 1,98; 95% CI: 1,41-2,78) yang merupakan faktor dominan, dan dukungan keluarga (aOR: 1,73; 95% CI: 1,23-2,43). Anak disabilitas yang memiliki pasangan hampir 2 kali lebih berisiko mengalami kekerasan seksual dibandingkan anak disabilitas yang tidak memiliki pasangan, setelah dikontrol oleh jenis kelamin dan dukungan keluarga. Diperlukan peningkatan kesadaran, penguatan intervensi, dan deteksi dini dalam pencegahan kekerasan seksual terhadap anak dengan disabilitas.
Sexual violence against children is a silent health emergency that affects the health and well-being of children throughout their lives. According to SIMFONI PPA data in 2023, cases of sexual violence in Indonesia from 2019 to 2023 have continued to increase, with more than 30% occurring in children aged 13-17 years. Children under 17 have inherent vulnerabilities, but having a disability makes them 2-4 times more likely to experience sexual violence compared to children without disabilities. This study aimed to analyze the factors contributing to the occurrence of sexual violence in children with disabilities aged 13-17 years in Indonesia. This study used the Double Dependency Theory framework to analyze internal factors (gender, education level, reproductive health knowledge, and employment status) and external factors (economic level, presence of biological parents, place of residence, relationship status, family support, and peer support) affecting sexual violence in children with disabilities aged 13-17 years. This study used data from the 2021 National Survey of Children's and Adolescents' Life Experiences (SNPHAR) in Indonesia with a cross-sectional study design and a sample of 1,213 children with disabilities aged 13-17 years, analyzed using logistic regression tests. Results of this study indicated that 13.4% of children with disabilities experience sexual violence, with 72.4% being contact sexual violence and 42.9% being non-contact sexual violence. Factors contributing to violence against children include gender (aOR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.04-2.13), relationship status (aOR: 1.98; 95% CI: 1.41-2.78), which is a dominant factor, and family support (aOR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.23-2.43). Children with disabilities who have partners are almost twice as likely to experience sexual violence compared to children with disabilities who do not have partners, after controlling for gender and family support. Increased awareness, strengthened interventions, and early detection are needed to prevent sexual violence against children with disabilities.
T-6978
Depok : FKM UI, 2024
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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