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Sekplin Sekeon; Promotor: Asri C. Adisasmita; Kopromotor: Mondastri Korib Sudaryo, Aida C. Tantri; Penguji: Dessy R. Emril, Soewarta Kosen, Syahrizal Syarif, Tiara Aninditha
Abstrak: Latar belakang: Upaya mengenal nyeri sentral pada pasien pascastroke dapat dilakukan dengan menyediakan alat bantu diagnosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sistem skoring diagnostik nyeri sentral pascastroke (NSPS) di rumah sakit, dan menganalisis akurasi dan reliabilitas penggunaan sistem skoring tersebut di puskesmas. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan rancangan potong-lintang dan merupakan studi diagnostik pada 166 pasien di rumah sakit dan 303 pasien di puskesmas se-wilayah Kota Manado dan sekitarnya. Hasil: Terdapat tiga variabel utama yang dominan sebagai determinan NSPS berdasarkan uji regresi cox yakni keparahan stroke, defisit nyeri tajam dan defisit raba halus. Prevalensi NPSP di rumah sakit berdasarkan baku emas didapatkan sebesar 30,1%. Dengan titik potong skor ≥2 maka didapatkan nilai sensitifitas 82,0% dan sensitifitas 78,45%. Berdasarkan perhitungan menurut teorema Bayes maka didapatkan probabilitas NSPS di RS dengan skor ≥2 sebesar 62,12%, dan <2 sebesar 8,98%. Berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan spesialis neurologik di puskesmas maka didapatkan prevalensi NSPS di puskesmas berdasarkan skor Sasmita adalah sebesar 40,9%. Hasil uji akurasi menunjukkan sensitivitas skor Sasmita oleh spesialis neurologi dan dokter umum di puskesmas adalah 71,61% dan sensitivitas 76,35%. Perhitungan dengan teorema Bayes didapatkan probabilitas NSPS di puskesmas dengan skor skor ≥2 sebesar 67,69%, dan <2 sebesar 20,42%. Uji reliabilitas antar dokter umum di puskesmas adalah sebesar 0,576. Kesimpulan: Terdapat tiga variabel utama yang dominan sebagai determinan NSPS yakni keparahan stroke, defisit nyeri tajam dan defisit raba halus. Secara deskriptif didapatkan bahwa kualitas hidup pasien stroke dengan NSPS adalah lebih rendah dibandingkan tanpa NSPS. Pada keseluruhan pasien dengan NSPS, domain yang paling sering mengalami gangguan adalah energi. Saran: Skor Sasmita dapat digunakan sebagai dalam penelitan selanjutnya terkait epidemiologi klinik nyeri pascastroke.
Introduction: The identification of central poststroke pain (CPSP) can be facilitated by the provision of diagnostic tools. This study aimed to develop a diagnostic scoring system for CPSP in hospital settings and to analyze the accuracy and reliability of its use in Puskesmas. Method: This cross-sectional diagnostic study was conducted on 166 hospital and 303 stroke survivors from Puskesmas in Manado City and its outskirts area. Result: Based on cox regression, three key variables were identified as dominant determinants of CPSP: stroke severity, pin-prick deficit, and light-touch deficit. The prevalence of CPSP in hospitals, determined using the gold standard, was 30.1%. With a cut-off score of ≥2, the sensitivity and specificity were 82.0% and 78.45%, respectively. Using Bayes' theorem, the probability of CPSP in hospitals with a score ≥2 was 62.12%, and <2 was 8.98%.  At the primary health centers, neurological specialist examinations revealed a CPSP prevalence of 40.9% based on the Sasmita scoring system. The accuracy test showed that the sensitivity of the Sasmita score assessed by neurologists and general practitioners was 71.61% and 76.35%, respectively. Bayes' theorem calculations indicated a CPSP probability at the Puskesmas of 67.69% with a score ≥2 and 20.42% with a score <2. Inter-rater reliability testing among general practitioners yielded a value of 0.576. Descriptively, stroke patients with CPSP had lower quality of life compared to those without CPSP, with the most commonly affected domain being energy. Conclusion: Three key variables were identified as dominant determinants of CPSP: stroke severity, pin-prick deficit, and light-touch deficit. The prevalence of CPSP in this study is relatively high both at hospital and Puskesmas settting. Sasmita score has good accuracy and moderately reliable in detecting CPSP at primary and tertiary care level. Suggestion: The Sasmita scoring system can be utilized in future studies related to the clinical epidemiology of poststroke pain. Serial assessment is encouraged to be conducted for high risk poststroke patients.
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D-549
Depok : FKM UI, 2025
S3 - Disertasi   Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Yoana Anandita; Pembimbing: Tri Krianto; Penguji: Dien Anshari, Evi Martha, Iwan Ridwanullah, Ani Herna Sari
Abstrak:

Tesis ini mengeksplorasi tentang pemberian dukungan sosial kepada pasien Tuberkulosis Resistan Obat (TBC RO) oleh penyintas di Rumah Sakit Paru Dr. M. Goenawan Partowidigdo (RSPG), salah satu pusat rujukan pelayanan TBC RO. Penelitian ini mengkaji program dukungan pasien yang diinisiasi oleh kelompok penyintas TB Terjang sejak 2019. Menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus kualitatif, data dikumpulkan pada Mei 2023 melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan telaah dokumen. Penelitian ini melibatkan 14 (empat belas) informan, meliputi Patient Supporter (PS), Manajer Kasus (MK), Perawat, dan pasien TB Resistan Obat. Temuan penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa mekanisme dukungan sosial yang diberikan PS sebagai penyintas kepada pasien TBC RO di RSPG sudah berjalan, dirasakan manfaatnya baik bagi pasien maupun penyedia layanan kesehatan. Namun, penguatan dalam koordinasi dan forum evaluasi formal diperlukan untuk implementasi yang optimal. Anggaran kegiatan pendampingan bergantung sepenuhnya pada dukungan donor. Peran PS dalam pendampingan pasien berfokus pada pemberian dukungan sosial kepada pasien dan keluarganya. Berbagai bentuk dukungan sosial diidentifikasi, termasuk dukungan emosional, instrumental, informasi, penilaian (appraisal), penghargaan, jaringan, tenaga kerja dan waktu, pengurangan stigma dan diskriminasi, pemantauan pengobatan, bantuan paralegal, dan dukungan kesehatan mental. Penelitian ini menyoroti pentingnya dukungan sosial yang digerakkan oleh penyintas TBC RO untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan dan pengalaman baik bagi pasien. Peningkatan mekanisme koordinasi dan evaluasi akan semakin meningkatkan efektivitas program. Dengan mengenali peran para penyintas dan menangani kebutuhan dukungan mereka, fasilitas layanan kesehatan dapat mengembangkan pendekatan komprehensif untuk perawatan dan pengelolaan TBC RO.


 

This thesis, review the provision of social support to drug-resistant tuberculosis (DRTB) patients by survivors at Dr. M. Goenawan Partowidigdo Lung Hospital (RSPG), a referral center for DRTB service. The study examines patient support programs initiated by a TB survivors’ group Terjang since 2019. Employing a qualitative case study approach, data was collected in May 2023 through in-depth interviews, observations, and document reviews. The research involved 14 informants, including Patient Supporters (PS), Case Managers (MK), Nurses, and Drug Resistant TB patients. The study findings reveal that the mechanism of social support provided by PS as survivor to TB patients at RSPG has been implemented, benefiting both patients and healthcare providers. However, improvements in coordination and formal evaluation forums are necessary for optimal implementation. The program's budget relies entirely on donor support. PS's role in patient accompaniment focuses on providing social support to patients and their families. Various forms of social support were identified, including emotional, instrumental, informational, appraisal, appreciation, network, labor and time support, stigma and discrimination reduction, treatment monitoring, paralegal assistance, and mental health support. This research highlights the importance of survivor-driven social support in improving the well-being and experiences of drug-resistant TB patients. Enhancing coordination and evaluation mechanisms will further enhance the program's effectiveness. By recognizing the role of survivors and addressing their support needs, healthcare institutions can develop comprehensive approaches to TB care and management. .

 

 

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T-6690
Depok : FKM-UI, 2023
S2 - Tesis   Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Fentia Budiman; Pembimbing: Martya Rahmaniati Makful; Penguji: Sabarinah, Kusuma Dini
Abstrak:
Kekerasan seksual merupakan permasalahan kesehatan masyarakat yang berdampak pada kondisi fisik, psikologis, sosial, dan kualitas hidup penyintas. Pemerintah Indonesia telah menetapkan berbagai regulasi, termasuk Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2022 tentang Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual, sebagai dasar penyelenggaraan perlindungan dan pelayanan bagi penyintas. Namun, implementasi regulasi di Provinsi Maluku Utara masih menghadapi berbagai tantangan akibat karakteristik wilayah kepulauan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor input, proses, dan output dalam implementasi regulasi penanganan penyintas kekerasan seksual di Provinsi Maluku Utara. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus. Informan dipilih secara purposive sebanyak 15 orang yang terdiri atas unsur DP3A, Dinas Kesehatan, UPTD PPA, fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan, Kepolisian, lembaga bantuan hukum/organisasi masyarakat sipil, akademisi, dan penyintas kekerasan seksual. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan telaah dokumen, kemudian dianalisis secara tematik menggunakan NVivo dengan triangulasi sumber, metode, dan dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor input telah mendukung implementasi regulasi melalui tersedianya regulasi, program, pedoman teknis, SOP, kelembagaan, dan sumber daya, meskipun masih terdapat keterbatasan SDM, pendanaan, dan sarana prasarana. Faktor proses telah berjalan melalui komunikasi, koordinasi lintas sektor, mekanisme pelayanan, sistem rujukan, serta monitoring dan evaluasi, namun belum optimal akibat kondisi geografis dan koordinasi antarinstansi. Faktor output menunjukkan adanya peningkatan keterlaksanaan layanan, aksesibilitas, kualitas pelayanan, dan pengalaman positif penyintas, meskipun pemerataan layanan di wilayah kepulauan masih menjadi tantangan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa implementasi regulasi di Provinsi Maluku Utara telah berjalan, tetapi efektivitasnya masih memerlukan penguatan kapasitas kelembagaan, pemerataan sumber daya, koordinasi lintas sektor, serta pengembangan layanan yang mampu menjangkau wilayah kepulauan.

Sexual violence is a public health issue that has significant physical, psychological, social, and quality-of-life impacts on survivors. The Government of Indonesia has enacted several regulations, including Law Number 12 of 2022 on the Crime of Sexual Violence, as the legal foundation for providing protection and services to survivors. However, the implementation of these regulations in North Maluku Province continues to face various challenges due to its archipelagic geographical characteristics. This study aimed to analyze the input, process, and output factors influencing the implementation of regulations for the management of sexual violence survivors in North Maluku Province. This study employed a qualitative approach with a case study design. Fifteen informants were purposively selected, comprising representatives from the Provincial Office of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection, the Provincial Health Office, the Regional Technical Implementation Unit for Women's and Children's Protection (UPTD PPA), health service facilities, the Indonesian National Police, legal aid institutions/civil society organizations, academics, and survivors of sexual violence. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document reviews, and analyzed using thematic analysis supported by NVivo software with source, method, and document triangulation. The findings indicate that input factors supported regulatory implementation through the availability of regulations, supporting programs, technical guidelines, standard operating procedures, institutional arrangements, and resources, although limitations in human resources, funding, and infrastructure remain. Process factors were reflected in communication, cross-sectoral coordination, service mechanisms, referral systems, and monitoring and evaluation; however, their effectiveness was constrained by geographical conditions and interagency coordination. Output factors demonstrated improvements in service implementation, accessibility, service quality, and survivors' experiences, although equitable service provision across the archipelagic areas remains a challenge. This study concludes that the implementation of regulations in North Maluku Province has been carried out; however, its effectiveness requires strengthening institutional capacity, equitable resource distribution, enhanced cross-sectoral coordination, and the development of accessible services capable of reaching remote island communities.
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T-7694
Depok : FKM-UI, 2026
S2 - Tesis   Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Hotma Martogi Lorensi Hutapea; Promotor: Mondastri Korib Sudaryo; Kopromotor: Tri Yunis Miko Wahyono, Arli Aditya Parikesit; Penguji: Besral, Ratna Djuwita, Trisari Anggondowati, Sunarno, Adi Yulandi, Radiyati Umi Partan
Abstrak:
Latar Belakang: Long COVID adalah kondisi pasca infeksi SARS-CoV-2 yang ditandai oleh gejala yang bertahan ≥2 bulan, dengan kelelahan sebagai keluhan utama. Di Indonesia, tercatat sekitar 1.400 kasus COVID-19 aktif, dan berpotensi mengalami long COVID. Meskipun kelelahan umum terjadi, faktor risiko dan biomarker yang mendasarinya, baik pada long COVID maupun COVID-19 secara umum, belum sepenuhnya dipahami. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) diduga berperan dalam mekanisme kelelahan, tetapi hubungan antara varian virus SARS-CoV-2, kadar IL-6, dan gejala kelelahan masih belum jelas. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi kohort ambispektif yang melibatkan pasien dewasa yang dirawat inap ≥5 hari karena COVID-19. Data klinis, demografis, dan riwayat vaksinasi diperoleh dari rekam medis. Gejala kelelahan dinilai menggunakan kuesioner Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS), sedangkan long COVID dinilai melalui kuesioner terstruktur. Analisis regresi Cox digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor risiko. IL-6 diukur dengan metode ELISA, dan analisis in-silico dilakukan untuk menilai hubungan mutasi ssRNA terhadap binding affinity TLR8 dan kadar IL-6. Hasil: Sebanyak 257 pasien terlibat dalam penelitian, dengan 30 subjek diambil darahnya untuk pemeriksaan IL-6. Enam faktor risiko ditemukan terkait dengan long COVID, yaitu riwayat kelelahan akut saat dirawat, penyakit ginjal kronis, status PCR positif saat keluar RS, trombositosis, status vaksinasi, dan kebiasaan olahraga. Eritrositopenia dan terapi oksigen berkorelasi dengan kelelahan long COVID, sedangkan kelelahan akut dan kebiasaan olahraga memengaruhi kelelahan COVID-19 umum. Varian Delta meningkatkan risiko long COVID namun menurunkan risiko kelelahan, dan kadar IL-6 tinggi berhubungan dengan kelelahan setelah dikendalikan oleh variabel confounding. Selain itu, ditemukan secara in-silico perbedaan skor binding affinity yang disebabkan mutasi pada ssRNA memengaruhi kadar IL-6 subjek. Kesimpulan: Long COVID, kelelahan long COVID dan kelelahan COVID-19 umum dipengaruhi oleh kombinasi faktor klinis, perilaku, dan varian virus. IL-6 berperan penting dalam patogenesis kelelahan, dengan kemungkinan pengaruh mutasi virus terhadap disregulasi imun. Kata kunci: coronavirus disease 2019, faktor risiko, interleukin 6, long COVID, penyintas COVID-19.

Background: Long COVID is a post-infection condition following SARS-CoV-2 infection characterized by symptoms lasting ≥2 months, with fatigue being the major complaint. In Indonesia, around 1,400 active COVID-19 cases have been recorded. These individuals have the potential to develop long COVID. Although fatigue is common, the underlying risk factors and biomarkers both in long COVID and in COVID-19 generally are not yet fully understood. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is suspected to play a role in the mechanism of fatigue, but the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 variants, IL-6 levels, and fatigue symptoms remains unclear. Methods: This was an ambispective cohort study involving adult patients hospitalized for ≥5 days due to COVID-19. Clinical, demographic, and vaccination history data were collected from medical records. Fatigue status was assessed using the Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS), and long COVID was evaluated through a structured questionnaire. Cox regression analysis was used to identify risk factors. IL-6 was measured using ELISA, and in-silico analysis was performed to assess the relationship ssRNA mutations based its binding affinity to TLR8. The binding affinity score was compared to IL-6 levels. Results: A total of 257 patients participated in the study, with blood samples for IL-6 testing collected from 30 subjects. Six risk factors were found to be associated with long COVID: history of acute fatigue during hospitalization, chronic kidney disease, PCR-positive status at hospital discharge, thrombocytosis, vaccination status, and exercise habits. Erythrocytopenia and oxygen therapy were correlated with long COVID fatigue, while acute fatigue and exercise habits influenced general COVID-19-related fatigue. After controlling for confounding variables, the Delta variant increased the risk of long COVID but had the lower risk of fatigue, and high IL-6 levels were associated with fatigue. Additionally, in-silico findings showed that mutations in ssRNA altered TLR8 binding affinity scores, which influenced IL-6 levels in subjects. Conclusion: Long COVID, long COVID fatigue, and general COVID-19-related fatigue are influenced by a combination of clinical, behavioral, and viral variant factors. IL-6 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of fatigue, with possible viral mutation effects contributing to immune dysregulation. Keywords: coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19 survivors, interleukin 6, long COVID, risk factors.
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D-578
Depok : FKM-UI, 2025
S3 - Disertasi   Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
:: Pengguna : Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
Library Automation and Digital Archive