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Abstrak: In utero tobacco exposure has been associated with fetal growth restriction, but uncertainty remains about critical windows of exposure and specific effects on body segments. In the present study, we aimed to examine the association of maternal smoking with fetal biometry in different stages of pregnancy. The study population comprised 2,478 fetuses from a Spanish birth cohort study that was established between 2003 and 2008. Biparietal diameter, femur length, abdominal circumference, and estimated fetal weight were evaluated at 12, 20, and 34 weeks of gestation. Fetal size and growth were assessed by standard deviation scores adjusted by maternal and fetal characteristics. Maternal smoking was assessed using questionnaire and a sample of urinary cotinine at week 32 of gestation. Associations were estimated using multiple regression analysis. Smokers at week 12 of gestation showed decreased fetal growth as reflected by all growth parameters at 20–34 weeks, leading to a reduced fetal size at week 34. The reduction was greatest in femur length, at -9.4% (95% confidence interval -13.4, -5.4) and least in abdominal circumference, at -4.4% (95% CI: -8.7, -0.1). Fetuses of smokers who quit smoking before week 12 showed reduced growth only in femur length (-5.5; 95% CI: -10.1, -0.9). Dose–response curves for smoking versus fetal growth parameters (abscissa: log2 cotinine) were linear for biparietal diameter and femur length.

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ABSTRACT Name : Suci Puspita Ratih Study Program :  Public Health Title : How Indonesian Media Portray Electronic Cigarettes: A Content Analysis of Online News Articles from 2012-2017 Advisor : Dr. dra. Rita Damayanti, MSPH : Professor Bruce J. Maycock Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), of which the health effects are still unknown, are significantly gaining their popularity in Indonesia. A massive news release on the internet talking about e-cigarettes might contribute to robust public’s concern about the use of e-cigarettes that could influence policy makers in considering the regulation of these devices. Therefore, this study aims to analyze how online mass media frame the message of e-cigarettes based upon topics of the story, news source, and coverage of benefits and harms of these products. This study performed a content-analysis method using a variable coding sheet in four popular online news media in Indonesia. This study found 418 articles mentioning about e-cigarettes of which 320 articles (76.6%) were included in the content analysis. Majority of the article (70.9%) have a negative frame and mainly talked about the policy issue of these devices. The news source that was frequently used in the articles is scientist/researcher (34.7%). The studied articles mostly presented harms of ecigarettes rather than their benefits. Thus, most of the online news media tend to present unfavourable stories about e-cigarettes and might try to influence the Co-Advisor readers to oppose these products. Keywords: e-cigarettes, smoking behavior, tobacco control, news media, content analysis