Abstrak: Prevalensi gizi kurang di Indonesia memberikan angka yang cukup fluktuatif dari 18,4 persen (2007) menurun menjadi 17,9 persen (2010) kemudian meningkat lagi menjadi 19,6 persen (2013), masalah pendek pada balita juga masih cukup serius. Oleh karena itu, penimbangan berat badan setiap bulan penting dilakukan sebagai salah satu cara pemantauan pertumbuhan dan status gizi balita. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku penimbangan balita di wilayah perkotaan dan perdesaan Indonesia tahun 2013. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian cross sectional dan dianalisis menggunakan chi-square. Populasi penelitian adalah balita umur 6-59 bulan di Indonesia yang menjadi sampel Riskesdas 2013, dengan sampel penelitian balita umur 6-59 bulan di Indonesia yang berhasil diwawancarai Riskesdas 2013 dan memiliki kelengkapan data variabel. Diperoleh hasil bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara faktor predisposisi (pekerjaan ibu, pendidikan ibu, pendidikan ayah, umur ibu, umur balita, jenis kelamin balita, jumlah balita dalam keluarga, hubungan balita dengan kepala keluarga, dan status ekonomi) dan faktor pemungkin (jenis wilayah, kepemilikan kartu KMS, kepemilikan kartu KIA) dengan penimbangan balita, baik di perkotaan maupun di perdesaan. Kecuali untuk pekerjaan ibu di daerah perkotaan yang menunjukkan hubungan yang tidak bermakna secara statistik, pvalue=0,120. Untuk menurunkan angka balita tidak ditimbang maka diperlukan pendidikan kesehatan dan promosi kesehatan mengenai pentingnya penimbangan balita setiap bulannya.
Kata kunci: penimbangan, balita, perkotaan, perdesaan

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Prevalence of malnutrition in Indonesia that was quite fluctuant, 18,4% in 2007 decreased to 17,9% (2010) and become inflated again to 19,6% in 2013. Also, stunting still a serious problem for under-five childern. Hence, monthly weighing is important as one of the monitoring growth and nutritional status for under-five childern. This research aims to understand determinant factors that associated with under-five children weighing behavior aged 6-59 month according to Urban and Rural areas in Indonesia in 2013. This research was quantitative with cross sectional design and chi-square analyzed. Population study was under-five children aged 6-59 month in Indonesia that was Riskesdas sample and sample study was under-five children aged 6-59 month in Indonesia that have been interviewed by Riskesdas 2013 and have comprehensive variable study. Result obtain significant association between predisposing factors (work status of mother, mother education, father education, mother age, under-five children age, relationship between under-five children and patriarch, gender of under-five children, under-five children size in family, and economic status) and enabling factors (type of living area, Maternal and Child Health handbook ownership, Road to Health Chart ownership) with wheighing behavior, even in Urban and Rural area. Except for work status of mother in Urban area show insignificant association according to statistic, pvalue=0,120. Conducting health education and health promotion are necessary for community to understand the importance of under-five children monthly weighing.
Key words: weighing, under-five childern, urban, rural

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pelaksanaan pengendalian pneumonia balitadilihat dari komponen input, proses, dan output. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, berlokasi di dinas kesehatan dan 2 puskesmas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan di dinas kesehatan sarana dan dana cukup. Untuk perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan monitoring kegiatan belum maksimal dilaksanaka nkarena keterbatasan SDM dimana pemegang program ISPA merangkap program diare sehingga tidak fokus dan kesulitan untuk memantau 43 puskesmas. Data kelengkapan laporan sebesar 97,09% dan ketepatan laporan baru mencapai 6,01%.Hasil penelitian di puskesmas masih ada sarana yang belum lengkap dan petugas di BP anak puskesmas belum terampil dalam tata laksana kasus dan menggunakan alat sound timer. Perencanaan kegiatan pneumonia balita belum ada di POA (PlanOf Action) puskesmas. Diperlukan penambahan SDM kesehatan dan workshop MTBS serta bimbingan teknis untuk petugas puskesmas. Kata kunci : pneumonia balita, puskesmas, dinas kesehatan, sistem

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This study aims at assessing the implementation of pneumonia control for under-five children. From input, process and output components. This study usesqualitative approach in district health office and two public health centers(puskesmas). The results show that there is enough equipment, materials andsufficient fund in district health office. But, planning, implementation, andmonitoring activities have not been implemented well since there is one staff onlyat district health office who is responsible for managing acute respiratoryprogram. She also needs to manage diarrhea program and monitor 43 puskesmas.The report completeness at district health office reaches 97.09%, but timelinessreaches 6.01% only. In contrary with the condition at district health office, atpuskesmas where the achievement is low, there is still lack of equipment andmaterials. The personnel also lacks of skill in managing the pneumonia case andusing sound timer. The plan of action of pneumonia control program for under-five children has also not been written in the puskesmas plan of action. Morehuman resources, capacity building on integrated management of childhoodillnesses, and technical assistance for puskesmas personnel are needed. Keywords: pneumonia, under-five children, puskesmas, district health office,IMCI, system

Abstrak: Stunting tidak hanya berdampak pada perawakan yang pendek namun juga pada penurunan fungsi kognitif usia sekolah, menurunkan kapasitas kerja dan kemampuan ekonomi serta peningkatan risiko penyakit metabolik di usia dewasa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor dominan kejadian stunting pada balita kelompok usia 6-12 bulan, 13-24 bulan dan 25-59 bulan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kelurahan Tambora tahun 2017. Desain penelitian ini adalah kasus control dengan 68 sampel kasus dan 68 sampel kontrol. Data dianalisis dengan uji chi square untuk melihat hubungan antar variabel dan uji regresi logistik ganda untuk menemukan faktor dominan penyebab stunting pada setiap kelompok usia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara tinggi badan ibu, kenaikan berat badan hamil, panjang badan lahir, asupan energi saat usia 6-12 bulan, 13-24 bulan dan 25-59 bulan, asupan protein saat usia 6-12 bulan dan 13-24 bulan, penyakit infeksi dan sanitasi total dengan kejadian stunting pada balita di setiap kelompok usia. Berdasarkan hasil analisis multivariat diketahui bahwa faktor dominan kejadian stunting pada balita kelompok usia 6-12 bulan adalah asupan energi saat usia 6-12 bulan (p-value 0,001; OR 7,382; 95%CI 2,261-24.102), pada kelompok usia 13-24 bulan adalah penyakit infeksi (p-value 0,016; OR 7,154; 95%CI 1,436-35,653) dan pada kelompok usia 25-59 bulan adalah asupan energi saat usia 13-24 bulan (p-value 0,040; OR 12,599; 95%CI 1,125-141,126). Perlu adanya perbaikan asupan gizi balita sesuai kelompok usia dan pencegahan penyakit infeksi melalui pendekatan sanitasi total berbasis masyarakat. Kata kunci: Stunting, balita, asupan energi, penyakit infeksi Stunting affects not only to short stature but also decreases in cognitive function at school age, decreases work and economic capacity at the productive age and increases the risk of metabolic diseases in elderly. The purpose of this study was to analyze the dominant factors of stunting among children aged grup 6-12 months, 13-24 months and 25-59 months in Kelurahan Tambora. This was case control study with 68 cases and 68 controls. The data were analyzed by chi square test for bivariate analysis and multiple logistic regression test to find the dominant factor of stunting in each of age group. The results of this study shows that there was a significant relationship between maternal height, weight gain during pregnancy, birth length, energy intake at 6-12 months, 13-24 months and 25-59 months, protein intake at 6-12 months and 13-24 months, infectious diseases and sanitation with stunting. Based on multivariate analysis, it was found that the dominant factor of stunting at 6-12 months children was energy intake at 6-12 months (p-value 0,001; OR 7,382; 95% CI 2,261-24,102), at 13-24 Months was infectious disease (p-value 0.016; OR 7,154; 95% CI 1,436-35,653) and at 25-59 months was energy intake at 13-24 months (p-value 0,040; OR 12,599; 95% CI 1,125 -141,126). It is necessary to improve the nutritional intake of under five children and prevention of infectious diseases through community-based total sanitation approaches. Keyword : Stunting, under five children, energy intake, infectious diseases

Abstrak:

Pneumonia merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kematian balita di Indonesia. Berdasarkan Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) tahun 2023, prevalensi pneumonia pada balita di Indonesia sebesar 15%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita usia 12–59 bulan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan data sekunder dari SKI 2023. Sampel berjumlah 33.132 balita usia 12–59 bulan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji chi square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian pneumonia adalah umur balita 24–59 bulan (OR=0,72; 95%CI: 0,57–0,90), jenis kelamin laki-laki (OR=1,36; 95%CI: 1,09–1,69), riwayat BBLR (OR=1,70; 95%CI: 1,15–2,53), status imunisasi DPT-HB-Hib lengkap (OR=1,79; 95%CI: 1,00–3,21), dan riwayat penyakit sebelumnya (OR=10,28; 95%CI: 8,27–12,77). Pada karakteristik ibu, pendidikan tinggi berhubungan dengan kejadian pneumonia (OR=1,41; 95%CI: 1,10–1,81). Faktor lingkungan tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan, sedangkan balita dari keluarga dengan status sosial ekonomi atas memiliki risiko lebih tinggi terkena pneumonia (OR=1,50; 95%CI: 1,05–2,13). Kesimpulan: Pencegahan pneumonia perlu difokuskan pada kelompok risiko seperti balita laki-laki, usia 24–59 bulan, riwayat BBLR, riwayat penyakit sebelumnya, dan peningkatan edukasi pada ibu serta keluarga dengan status ekonomi tinggi.

Kata kunci: Pneumonia, Balita, Faktor Risiko, SKI 2023

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Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of mortality among children under five in Indonesia. Based on the 2023 Indonesia Health Survey (SKI), the prevalence of pneumonia among children under five was 15%. This study aims to identify the factors associated with pneumonia among children aged 12–59 months in Indonesia. This research employs a cross-sectional design using secondary data from the 2023 SKI. The sample consisted of 33,132 children aged 12–59 months. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test. The results show that factors associated with pneumonia include being aged 24–59 months (OR=0.72; 95%CI: 0.57–0.90), male gender (OR=1.36; 95%CI: 1.09–1.69), a history of low birth weight (OR=1.70; 95%CI: 1.15–2.53), incomplete DPT-HB-Hib immunization (OR=1.79; 95%CI: 1.00–3.21), and a history of previous illnesses (OR=10.28; 95%CI: 8.27–12.77). Among maternal characteristics, a higher education level was associated with pneumonia incidence (OR=1.41; 95%CI: 1.10–1.81). Environmental factors were not significantly associated, while children from families with higher socioeconomic status had a greater risk of pneumonia (OR=1.50; 95%CI: 1.05–2.13). In conclusion, pneumonia prevention efforts should focus on high-risk groups, including male children, those aged 24–59 months, those with a history of low birth weight or previous illnesses, and families with higher maternal education and higher socioeconomic status.  Keywords: Pneumonia, Under-Five Children, Risk Factors, SKI 2023

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