Malnutrisi merupakan komplikasi serius yang umum terjadi pada pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronis (PGK) yang menjalani hemodialisa (HD). Kondisi ini berdampak negatif terhadap kualitas hidup, meningkatkan risiko morbiditas dan mortalitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kejadian malnutrisi pada pasien PGK dengan HD di RSUP Fatmawati Jakarta. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 133 pasien rawat jalan yang menjalani HD minimal tiga bulan. Status gizi diukur menggunakan metode Subjective Global Assessment (SGA). Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner dan Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), sementara data sekunder berasal dari telaah rekam medis. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat dengan uji chi-square, dan multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik ganda. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa usia ≥60 tahun (OR = 2,9; p = 0,036) dan asupan energi <70% dari kebutuhan harian (OR = 7,8; p = 0,003) berhubungan signifikan dengan kejadian malnutrisi. Faktor lain seperti jenis kelamin, durasi dan frekuensi HD, komorbiditas (diabetes melitus, hipertensi, penyakit kardiovaskular), serta asupan protein, lemak, dan karbohidrat tidak berhubungan signifikan secara statistik. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa usia lanjut dan defisit asupan energi merupakan faktor dominan terhadap risiko malnutrisi. Oleh karena itu, pemantauan status gizi secara berkala dan intervensi gizi yang difokuskan pada peningkatan asupan energi perlu menjadi prioritas dalam tata laksana pasien HD. Strategi yang disarankan meliputi konseling gizi individual, edukasi kepada keluarga, dan pemberian oral nutrition supplement jika diperlukan. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi dasar dalam pengembangan kebijakan intervensi gizi berbasis bukti dan penyusunan pedoman pemantauan gizi bagi pasien PGK dengan HD di rumah sakit rujukan nasional. Pendekatan multidisiplin antara dokter, ahli gizi, perawat, dan keluarga sangat diperlukan untuk mendukung pencapaian status gizi optimal secara berkelanjutan.

Malnutrition is a serious complication commonly found in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) undergoing hemodialysis (HD). This condition negatively affects quality of life and increases the risks of morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with malnutrition among CKD patients undergoing HD at Fatmawati Central General Hospital, Jakarta. The study employed a cross-sectional design with a quantitative approach. The sample consisted of 133 outpatients who had been on HD for at least three months. Nutritional status was assessed using the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) method. Primary data were collected through interviews using structured questionnaires and a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), while secondary data were obtained from medical records. Data analysis included univariate, bivariate (chi-square test), and multivariate analyses using multiple logistic regression. The results showed that patients aged ≥60 years (OR = 2.9; p = 0.036) and those with energy intake <70% of daily requirements (OR = 7.8; p = 0.003) had a significantly higher risk of malnutrition. Other variables such as sex, duration and frequency of HD, comorbidities (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disease), and intake of protein, fat, and carbohydrates were not statistically associated with nutritional status. These findings highlight that older age and insufficient energy intake are dominant risk factors for malnutrition. Therefore, regular nutritional monitoring and interventions focused on increasing energy intake should be prioritized in the management of HD patients. Recommended strategies include individualized nutrition counseling, family education, and provision of oral nutrition supplements when necessary. This study is expected to serve as a foundation for the development of evidence-based nutrition intervention policies and guidelines for nutritional monitoring of CKD patients undergoing HD in national referral hospitals. A multidisciplinary approach involving physicians, dietitians, nurses, and family members is essential to support the achievement of optimal and sustainable nutritional status in HD patients.