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Latar belakang: Praktik Pemotongan/Perlukaan Genitalia Perempuan (P2GP) merupakan pelanggaran hak asasi perempuan. Prevalensi P2GP di Indonesia yang dilaporkan tahun 2021 mencapai 50,5% pada perempuan berusia 15–49 tahun, dengan 55,0% anak mereka juga mengalami P2GP. Peningkatan prevalensi dari generasi sebelumnya ke generasi saat ini menandakan masalah ini belum sepenuhnya teratasi. Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran kejadian P2GP pada anak dari ibu berusia 15–64 tahun di Indonesia tahun 2024 dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan data Survei Pengalaman Hidup Perempuan Nasional 2024 dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel penelitian ini terdiri dari 5.653 perempuan berusia 15–64 tahun yang memiliki anak perempuan hidup dan tinggal serumah . Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji Chi-square dan regresi logistik sederhana. Hasil: Prevalensi P2GP pada anak di Indonesia sebesar 47,9%. Faktor individu yang berasosiasi positif dengan P2GP pada anak meliputi usia ibu 55–64 tahun (dibandingkan usia ibu 15-24 tahun) (OR = 1,38, 95% CI: 1,02–1,87), pendidikan ibu tingkat dasar (dibandingkan tingkat tinggi) (OR = 1,20; 95% CI: 1,01–1,41), pendidikan ayah tingkat dasar dan menengah (dibandingkan tingkat tinggi) (OR = 1,40; 95% CI: 1,16–1,69), ibu beragama Islam (dibandingkan lainnya) (OR = 83,58; 95% CI: 44,65–156,44), status ekonomi terendah hingga menengah (dibandingkan teratas) (OR = 1,58; 95% CI: 1,34–1,88), ibu tidak bekerja (OR = 1,15; 95% CI: 1,04–1,28), serta ibu dengan riwayat P2GP serta tidak tahu/tidak ingat dan tidak menjawab (dibandingkan tanpa riwayat P2GP) (OR = 134,37; 95% CI: 106,36–169,76) dan mendukung kelanjutan P2GP dan tidak tahu (dibandingkan mendukung penghentian) (OR = 36,89; 95% CI: 31,27–43,52). Faktor komunitas yang berasosiasi positif dengan P2GP pada anak adalah wilayah dengan keberadaan P2GP (dibandingkan tanpa keberadaan P2GP) (OR = 22,62; 95% CI: 19,58–26,12) serta tinggal di wilayah Kalimantan (OR = 1,94; 95% CI: 1,54–2,44), Maluku (OR = 2,05; 95% CI: 1,29–3,24), Sulawesi (OR = 1,61; 95% CI: 1,32–1,97), dan Sumatra (OR = 2,70; 95% CI: 2,35–3,09) (dibandingkan Jawa). Sementara itu, tinggal di perdesaan (OR = 0,82; 95% CI: 0,72 – 0,91) serta di Kepulauan Sunda Kecil (OR = 0,36; 95% CI: 0,27–0,49) dan Papua (OR = 0,27; 95% CI: 0,16–0,43) (dibandingkan Jawa) berasosiasi negatif dengan P2GP pada anak. Kesimpulan: Penghapusan P2GP memerlukan penegakan regulasi, perluasan akses pendidikan kesehatan reproduksi komprehensif, pengawasan fasilitas kesehatan, kolaborasi dengan tokoh agama, pemberdayaan perempuan oleh pemerintah, serta penolakan aktif terhadap P2GP oleh masyarakat.
Background: Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) is a violation of women’s human rights as it provides no health benefits and interferes with the natural functions of the female body. In Indonesia, the prevalence of FGM/C in 2021 reached 50.5% among women aged 15–49 years, with 55.0% of their daughters also having undergone the practice. The increased prevalence from the previous generation to the current one indicates that this issue remains unresolved. Objective: To describe the prevalence of FGM/C among daughters of women aged 15–64 years in Indonesia in 2024 and the associated factors. Methods: This study used data from the 2024 National Survey on Women’s Life Experiences with a cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 5.653 women aged 15–64 years who had at least one living daughter residing in the same household. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and logistic regression tests. Results: The prevalence of FGM/C in children in Indonesia is 47.9%. Individual factors positively associated with FGM/C in children include: maternal age 55–64 years (compared to 15–24 years) (OR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.02–1.87), maternal primary education (compared to higher education) (OR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.01–1.41), paternal primary and secondary education (compared to higher education) (OR = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.16–1.69), Muslim mothers (compared to others) (OR = 83.58; 95% CI: 44.65–156.44), lowest to middle economic status (compared to the highest) (OR = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.34–1.88), unemployed mothers (OR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.04–1.28), mothers with a history of FGM/C and who did not know/did not remember and did not respond (compared to those without a history) (OR = 134.37; 95% CI: 106.36–169.76), and mothers who support the continuation of FGM/C and are unsure (compared to those who support its discontinuation) (OR = 36.89; 95% CI: 31.27–43.52). Community-level factors positively associated with FGM/C in children include: living in areas where FGM/C is practiced (compared to areas where it is not) (OR = 22.62; 95% CI: 19.58–26.12), and residing in Kalimantan (OR = 1.94; 95% CI: 1.54–2.44), Maluku (OR = 2.05; 95% CI: 1.29–3.24), Sulawesi (OR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.32–1.97), and Sumatra (OR = 2.70; 95% CI: 2.35–3.09) (compared to Jawa). Meanwhile, living in rural areas (OR = 0,82; 95% CI: 0,72 – 0,91), the Lesser Sunda Islands (OR = 0,36; 95% CI: 0,27–0,49), and Papua (OR = 0,27; 95% CI: 0,16–0,43) is negatively associated with FGM/C in children (compared to Java). Conclusion: Efforts to eliminate FGM/C in Indonesia require enforcement of current regulations, expansion of access to comprehensive reproductive health education, health facility oversight, intersectoral collaboration including religious leaders, the empowerment of women, and active public rejection of FGM/C.
Latar belakang: Hipertensi merupakan penyakit tidak menular dengan prevalensi tertinggi Indonesia. Berdasarkan data Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) 2023, 30,8% penduduk usia ≥18 tahun mengalami hipertensi berdasarkan pengukuran, sedangkan prevalensi hipertensi berdasarkan diagnosis dokter adalah 8,6%. Selain itu, laporan SKI 2023 menekankan adanya kesenjangan antara perilaku pencarian pengobatan hipertensi dengan proporsi masyarakat yang terdiagnosis. Saat ini, sebesar 53,3% penyandang hipertensi tidak teratur minum obat atau tidak minum obat antihipertensi, dan 56,9% tidak teratur atau sama sekali tidak melakukan pemeriksaan ulang ke tenaga kesehatan.
Tujuan: Mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku pencarian pengobatan hipertensi pada penyandang hipertensi usia ≥18 tahun di Indonesia.
Metode: Sebanyak 53.648 penyandang hipertensi usia ≥18 tahun berdasarkan data SKI 2023 diteliti dalam penelitian cross-sectional ini. Uji chi-square dan regresi logistik sederhana dilakukan untuk melihat hubungan antar variabel. Variabel luaran adalah perilaku pencarian pengobatan hipertensi. Variabel prediktor adalah jenis kelamin, usia, status pernikahan, tingkat pendidikan, status pekerjaan, pengetahuan terkait hipertensi, tempat tinggal, wilayah geografis, status sosial ekonomi, kepemilikan jaminan kesehatan, akses ke fasilitas kesehatan, multimorbiditas, dan perilaku cek kesehatan berkala.
Hasil: Proporsi perilaku pencarian pengobatan hipertensi yang aktif pada penyandang hipertensi usia ≥18 tahun di Indonesia tahun 2023 adalah 76,2%. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku pencarian pengobatan hipertensi adalah berjenis kelamin perempuan (OR = 1,24; 95% CI: 1,15-1,33), berusia 65-74 tahun (ref. 18-24 tahun; OR = 6,60; 95% CI: 4,35-10,04), sedang menikah (OR = 0,92; 95% CI: 0,85-0,99), memiliki tingkat pendidikan tersier (ref. Tidak sekolah; OR = 1,28; 95% CI: 1,12-1,47), tidak bekerja (OR = 1,15; 95% CI: 1,08-1,23), pernah mendapat informasi pengobatan hipertensi (OR = 3,98; 95% CI: 3,70-4,28), berasal dari Kepulauan Maluku (ref. Papua; OR = 1,97; 95% CI: 1,51-2,58), memiliki status sosial ekonomi teratas (OR = 1,36; 95% CI: 1,17-1,59), memiliki jaminan kesehatan (OR = 1,48; 95% CI: 1,36-1,61), memiliki multimorbiditas (OR = 1,77; 95% CI: 1,63-1,92), dan melakukan cek kesehatan minimal 1 bulan sekali (ref. Tidak pernah; OR = 6,16; 95% CI: 5,54-6,84).
Kesimpulan: Studi ini menunjukkan dibutuhkannya program untuk meningkatkan kesadaran dan partisipasi aktif masyarakat, khususnya kelompok usia produktif, dalam melakukan pengobatan hipertensi.
Kata kunci: Perilaku pencarian pengobatan, penyandang hipertensi, hipertensi
Background: Hypertension is a non-communicable disease with the highest prevalence in Indonesia. According to the Indonesian Health Survey (SKI) in 2023, 30.8% of people aged ≥18 experienced hypertension based on blood pressure measurement, while the prevalence of hypertension based on a doctor’s diagnosis was 8.6%. In addition, the SKI 2023 report emphasised the gap between hypertension health-seeking behaviour and the proportion of diagnosed patients. Currently, 53.3% of hypertensive patients do not regularly or do not take anti-hypertensive medication, and 56.9% do not regularly or do not have re-examinations with health professionals. Objective: This study aims to determine the factors associated with hypertension health-seeking behaviour in hypertensive patients aged ≥18 years in Indonesia. Methods: A total of 53.648 hypertensive patients aged ≥18 years based on SKI 2023 were analysed in this cross-sectional study. Chi-square test and simple logistic regression were used to determine the associations between variables. The outcome variable is hypertension health-seeking behaviour. The independent variables are gender, age, marital status, education level, employment status, hypertension-related knowledge, place of residence, geographic area, socioeconomic status, health insurance ownership, access to health facility, multimorbidity, and regular health check-up. Results: The proportion of active hypertension health-seeking behaviour in hypertensive patients aged ≥18 years in Indonesia in 2023 was 76.2%. Factors associated with hypertension health-seeking behaviour were female (OR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.15-1.33), aged 65-74 years (ref. 18-44 years; OR = 6.60; 95% CI: 4.35-10.04), married (OR = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.85-0.99), having tertiary education (ref. no formal education; OR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.12-1.47), not working (OR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.08-1.23), having received information on hypertension treatment (OR = 3.98; 95% CI: 3.70-4.28), living in the Maluku Islands (ref. Papua; OR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.51-2.58), having the highest socioeconomic status (OR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.17-1.59), insured (OR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.36-1.61), having multimorbidity (OR = 1.77; 95% CI: 1.63-1.92), and doing a health check-up at least once a month (ref. never; OR = 6.16; 95% CI: 5.54-6.84). Conclusion: This study indicates the need for a program to raise awareness and the active participation of the public, particularly the productive age population, in seeking hypertension treatment. Key words: Health-seeking behaviour, hypertensive patients, hypertension
