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Diarrhea is an infectious disease that causes death in infants and children under five. The cause of diarrhea is strongly influenced by various risk factors, including child factors and maternal, environment, and family economic factors. This study used a cross sectional study design with univariate, bivariate, and stratified analysis. The data used is secondary data from the 2017 IDHS. The sample used is 906 children under five. The result of this study indicate that there is a significant relationship between the age factor of child under five (nilai p: 0,000; OR=2,54; 95%CI 1,67-3,85) and family sanitation facilities (niai p= 0,004; OR= 1,71; 95%CI 1,19-2,47) with the incidence of diarrhea in children under five. The stratification analysis showed that there was a relation between the age of the child under five and the incidence of diarrhea in children under five according to the mother?s education, history of exclusive breastfeeding, birth weight, are of the residence and family economic.
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB consists of 2 types, namely Drug Sensitive TB (SO) and Drug Resistant TB (RO). number of tuberculosis case discoveries in 2022 724,309; 711,778 cases of drug-sensitive TB (TB SO) and 12,531 cases of drug-resistant TB (TB RO). MDR TB is a type of RO TB which has an increasing number of new cases every year, estimated at 12% of MDR TB cases. Depression is a health problem where according to WHO depression is number 4 disease in the world. The prevalence of depression in TB and MDR TB patients was 43.4% (AOR, 10.8; 95% CI, 2.8–41.5). This study aims to analyze the relationship between TB classification and the incidence of depression using a retrospective cohort study design. The research results showed that the proportion of TB patients who experienced depression during treatment was higher in the MDR TB group, 93.1%, compared to the SO TB group, 17.0%. Multivariate results: MDR TB patients with MDR TB were 4.88 times more likely to experience depression during treatment compared to SO TB patients after controlling for comorbid variables. The p-value <0.001. This figure is smaller than alpha 0.05 so that the classification of MDR TB cases is statistically significantly related to the incidence of depression during treatment. Suggestions for implementing integration of mental health services in TB control programs so that it will be easy to do if an effective and low-cost integrated service model is available. Program and expansion of TB services with a guide to TB RO and TB SO treatment services through mental screening as one of the methods in TB treatment to minimize depression in TB patients.
Background: Pneumonia is one of the biggest causes of under-five deaths in Indonesia with 2,200 under-five deaths per day. Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) immunization is the most effective preventive measure against childhood pneumonia. Since its introduction in 2017 in Lombok and 2019 in Bangka Belitung, PCV immunization has been gradually expanded to several provinces and was officially included in the national routine immunization program in September 2022. However, by the end of 2023, complete PCV immunization coverage among children in Indonesia will only reach 62.7%, far below the national target (100%). This study aimed to analyze the association between predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors with PCV immunization completeness among children aged 12-23 months in Indonesia. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design with total sampling obtained 9,675 children aged 12-23 months who were respondents of SKI 2023. Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted using the Chi-square test and simple logistic regression. Results: The national complete PCV immunization coverage in children aged 12-23 months was 32.1%. Factors significantly associated with PCV immunization completeness are having easy access to health facilities (OR = 7.71; 95% CI = 5.54-10.73), having complete basic immunization status (OR = 5.87; 95% CI = 5.29-6.51), living in Lesser Sunda Island (OR = 2.69; 95% CI = 2.03-3.56), was born assisted by a health worker (OR = 2.62; 95% CI = 1.23-5.58), had an immunization record (OR = 2.18; 95% CI = 1.92-2.47), and was born in a health facility (OR = 2.13; 95% CI: 1.76-2.60). Conclusion: The large odds ratio for children with easy access to health facilities implies that each local government needs to reduce disparities in access to health services such as adding health infrastructure in areas with difficult access and providing transportation subsidies or mobile immunization services for people from hard-to-reach areas.
Labor complications are a primary cause of maternal mortality in Indonesia and are influenced by various factors. Maternal age is a known risk factor, yet the specific factors for each age group require distinct analysis to inform targeted interventions. This study aims to determine the overview and risk factors for labor complications based on maternal age groups in Indonesia. This study utilized a cross-sectional design, analyzing secondary data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI). The sample consisted of 70,681 mothers who met the inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Chi-Square test. The study found differences in the proportion of childbirth complications in Indonesia across young (15.1%), ideal (16.9%), and older (19.2%) age groups, as well as differences in factors associated with complications in each age group. The most dominant types of childbirth complications in young and ideal age groups were prolonged labor and premature rupture of membranes, while breech presentation was more common in older age groups. Factors consistently associated with childbirth complications across all three maternal age groups were education level, area of residence, parity, pregnancy planning, history of pregnancy complications, birth attendant, place of delivery, and source of delivery financing. Factors specific to the ideal and older age groups were partner's education level, birth spacing, and history of Antenatal Care (ANC) visits. Factors that were only significantly associated with specific age groups included husband or family support, which only affected the ideal age group, and maternal employment status, which only affected the older age group. Early detection and differentiated risk management tailored to each age group are necessary. targeting specific risk factors, both clinical (e.g., prolonged labor in young age, hypertension in older age) and sociodemographic.
Latar Belakang: Campak merupakan penyakit yang dapat dicegah dengan imunisasi (PD3I). Pada tahun 2018 dilaporkan lebih dari 140.000 orang meninggal karena campak terutama anak-anak dibawah usia 5 tahun, meskipun vaksin sudah tersedia Pencapaian target imunisasi di Indonesia mengalami penurunan dari tahun 2022 ke tahun 2023. Imunisasi campak sangat berperan dalam menurunkan angka kematian anak, maka imunisasi campak merupakan salah satu indikator pencapaian tujuan SDGs ketiga yaitu kehidupan sehat dan sejahtera. Adanya penemuan kasus campak yang tinggi di tahun 2023 dibandingkan tahun sebelumnya, sehingga penulis tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian epidemiologi kasus campak di wilayah Kota Bogor Tahun 2022 sampai tahun 2024.
Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi epidemiologi deskriptif. Data yang diambildalam penelitian ini yaitu berupa data sekunder. Data tersebut diperoleh Tim Surveilans dan imunisasi P3MS, Bidang P2P, Dinas Kesehatan Kota Bogor adalah data pelaporan kasus campak dan cakupan imunisasi dari tahun 2022 - 2024. Data berupa spreadsheets laporan kasus campak.
Hasil : Gambaran epidemiologi kasus campak di Kota Bogor tahun 2022 - 2024 terdapat pada tahun 2023 jenis kelamin laki-laki sebanyak 176 anak. Pada kelompok umur 2-5 tahun (42,9%) selanjutnya 5-10 tahun (31,4%) dan kelompok umur kurang dari 1 tahun (19,1). Kasus paling banyak terdapat di Kecamatan Bogor Barat (97 kasus) dan Bogor Selatan (93 kasus), serta kasus tertinggi terjadi pada tahun 2023 sebanyak 340 kasus. Cakupan imunisasi yang rendah diantara kasus konfirmasi positif
Kesimpulan dan Saran: Gambaran epidemiologi kasus campak di Kota Bogor tahun 2022 - 2024 populasi terbanyak dengan kelompok umur 2-5 tahun, dan jenis kelamin laki-laki. Kasus paling banyak terdapat di Kecamatan Bogor Barat dan Bogor Selatan, serta kasus tertinggi terjadi pada tahun 2023. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut dengan metode kualitatif tren kasus campak di wilayah Bogor Selatan. Penguatan sistem pemantauan di kecamatan resiko tinggi, kolaborasi dengan organisasi masyarakat dalam peningkatan kesadaran imunisasi, dan mengadakan pelatihan serta workshop rutin untuk kemampuan komunikasi kepada masyarakat.
Background Measles is a disease that can be prevented by immunization (PD3l). In 2018, it was reported that more than 14,000 people died caused by measles, especially children under 5 years old, Even though vaccines are available, the achievement of immunization targets in Indonesia has decreased from 2022 to 2023. Measles immunization plays an important role in reducing child mortality. Measles immunization is one of the indicators of achieving the third SDGs goal, namely a healthy and prosperous life. There was a high discovery of measles cases in 2023 compared to the previous year, so the author was interested in conducting epidemiological research on measles cases in Bogor 2022 to 2024. Methods This research used a descriptive epidemiological study design. The data used in this research is secondary data. This data was obtained by the P3MS Surveillance and Immunization Team, P2P Division, Bogor City Health Service. data form reporting of measles cases and immunization coverage 2022 - 2024. data form spreadsheets of measles case reports. Result Epidemiological case description of measles in Bogor 2022 - 2024, in 2023 the male gender was 176 children. In the age group 2-5 years (42.9%) then 5-10 years (31.4%) and the age group less than 1 year (19.1). The most cases were in West Bogor District (97 cases) and South Bogor (93 cases), and the highest cases occurred in 2023 as many as 340 cases.Low immunization coverage among confirmed positive cases. Conclution and Suggestions: Epidemiological descriptive of measles cases in Bogor City in 2022-2024, the largest population is in the 2-5 year age group, and male gender. The most cases are in West Bogor and South Bogor, and the highest cases occurred in 2023. Futher research is needed using qualitative methods on measles case trends in the South Bogor area. Stengthening the monitoring system in high risk districts, collaborating with community organizations in increasing immunization awareness, and holding routine and workshop for communication skills to the community.
