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Telemedicine offers a promising solution to improve healthcare access, particularly in remote areas, yet its adoption in Indonesia’s Primary Healthcare Facilities (FKTP) remains suboptimal. This study aims to describe the readiness of FKTP in providing telemedicine services through a literature review of scientific articles published between 2020 and 2025, sourced from SCOPUS, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Of the articles found, six met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed further. The synthesis revealed that FKTP readiness ranged from “moderate” to “ready,” depending on the assessed aspects such as technological infrastructure, human resource capacity, managerial support, and the presence of supportive policies and regulations. The main challenges include limited internet connectivity, insufficient training for healthcare workers, and organizational cultures that are not yet fully supportive of digital transformation. Strengthening these factors is essential to ensure that telemedicine implementation in FKTP can be optimized and sustained.
Despite improvements in healthcare access through the National Health Insurance (JKN) program, Indonesia continues to face challenges such as uneven distribution of facilities, limited healthcare professionals, and low public trust in domestic services. These conditions have led many Indonesians to seek medical care abroad, resulting in an estimated foreign exchange loss of up to IDR 165 trillion per year. This study aims to analyze factors associated with the types of overseas health services chosen by Indonesians using data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI). A quantitative cross-sectional design was applied, covering 38 provinces. Over the past three years, medical check-ups were the most frequently selected service, followed by surgical procedures and other treatments. Predisposing factors, including age, gender, marital status, education level, and employment status, showed no significant relationship. In contrast, enabling factors such as health insurance ownership, availability of complete facilities, and destination country were significantly associated with service type. Need factors, particularly medical history, were not significantly related. These findings highlight the need to develop nationally prioritized services, improve preventive care quality, strengthen health service integration, and expand wellness-based services.
Puskesmas sebagai fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan tingkat pertama memiliki peran penting dalam mendukung program kesehatan masyarakat. Pemenuhan sumber daya manusia kesehatan (SDMK) yang mencakup jenis dan jumlah tenaga kesehatan sesuai standar menjadi syarat utama untuk menjamin pelayanan yang berkualitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kecukupan jenis dan jumlah SDMK pada Puskesmas BLUD di Kota Depok tahun 2024 serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus melalui wawancara mendalam dan telaah dokumen pada enam Puskesmas terpilih serta instansi terkait di Kota Depok. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa masih terdapat kesenjangan antara jumlah SDMK eksisting dengan kebutuhan berdasarkan analisis jabatan dan beban kerja yang tertuang dalam dokumen perencanaan dan kebutuhan SDMK Kota Depok. Kesenjangan ini menyebabkan multitasking dan task shifting, yang berdampak pada beban kerja dan mutu layanan. Faktor yang memengaruhi pemenuhan SDMK meliputi sistem manajemen kepegawaian, kepemimpinan, kemitraan/jejaring, ketersediaan anggaran, pendidikan/pelatihan, serta kebijakan yang berlaku. Temuan juga menunjukkan bahwa fleksibilitas pengelolaan keuangan melalui BLUD belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal untuk mendukung pemenuhan SDMK. Diperlukan komitmen pemerintah daerah dalam perencanaan dan pengadaan SDMK secara strategis berbasis data dan analisis beban kerja untuk memastikan tersedianya tenaga kesehatan yang sesuai baik secara jumlah maupun jenis.
Community health centers (Puskesmas) as primary health care facilities play an important role in supporting public health programs. The fulfillment of health human resources (SDMK), which includes the type and number of health workers in accordance with standards, is a key requirement for ensuring quality services. This study aims to analyze the adequacy of the type and number of SDMK at BLUD Puskesmas in Depok City in 2024 and the factors that influence it. The study employs a qualitative approach using a case study method through in-depth interviews and document reviews at six selected Puskesmas and related institutions in Depok City. The results indicate that there is still a gap between the existing number of HHR and the needs based on job analysis and workload as outlined in Depok City's planning documents and HHR requirements. This gap leads to multitasking and task shifting, which impacts workload and service quality. Factors influencing the fulfillment of SDMK include human resource management systems, leadership, partnerships/networks, budget availability, education/training, and applicable policies. The findings also indicate that the flexibility of financial management through BLUD has not been optimally utilized to support the fulfillment of SDMK. A commitment from the local government is needed in strategic planning and procurement of SDMK based on data and workload analysis to ensure the availability of healthcare personnel that are appropriate in both quantity and type.
