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Ahya Amaniy Daniya; Pembimbing: Bambang Wispriyono; Penguji: Ema Hermawati, Juri Hendrajadi
Abstrak:
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Foodborne disease saat ini masih menjadi masalah kesehatan global. Sebagian besar kasus foodborne disease disebabkan oleh makanan yang disajikan oleh berbagai penyedia fasilitas layanan makanan, seperti rumah makan dan restoran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran penerapan higiene sanitasi di Tempat Pengelolaan Pangan rumah makan golongan A1 dan A2 serta restoran dan penerapan Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) dalam tiap tahapan penyelenggaraan makanan. Penelitian dilakukan secara deskriptif menggunakan data primer yang dikumpulkan melalui observasi dan wawancara kepada seluruh penjamah makanan di Rumah Makan X (golongan A1), Rumah Makan Y (golongan A2), dan Restoran Z Kota Depok. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aspek yang paling banyak tidak terpenuhi adalah pada higiene bangunan, penanganan makanan, dan penggunaan pelindung saat menjamah makanan, dan Rumah Makan X (golongan A1) menjadi rumah makan yang paling memerlukan perhatian dan pembinaan lebih lanjut karena jumlah ketidaksesuaiannya paling besar pada seluruh aspek higiene sanitasi dan HACCP. Diharapkan kepada pemilik usaha untuk memperbaiki ketidaksesuaian pada aspek higiene sanitasi yang belum terpenuhi dan menerapkan prinsip HACCP pada tiap proses pengelolaan makanan di tempat usahanya.
Foodborne disease is currently still a global health problem. Most cases of foodborne disease are caused by food served by various food service providers, such as food stalls and restaurant. This research aims to provide an overview of the implementation of sanitation hygiene in Food Management Places in food stalls group A1 and A2 and restaurant and the application of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) in each stage of food management. The research was conducted descriptively using primary data collected through observation and interviews with all food handlers at Food Stall X (group A1), Food Stall Y (group A2), and Restaurant Z, Depok City. The results of the research show that the aspects that are most often not fulfilled are building cleanliness, food handling, and the use of protection when handling food, and Food Stall X (group A1) are the food stall that require the most attention and further development because the number of non-conformities is the largest in all aspects of hygiene sanitation and HACCP. It is hoped that all owners will correct any discrepancies in sanitation hygiene aspects that have not been fulfilled and apply HACCP principles in every food management process at their place of business.
S-11644
Depok : FKM-UI, 2024
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Aldila Riznawati; Pembimnbing: Tris Eryando; Penguji: Artha Prabawa, Juri Hendrajadi
Abstrak:
Data and information have an important role in the decision-making process. In the health sector, data utilization is used to estimate the burden of a disease including its determinants. Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health problem that infects 10.6 million people worldwide in 2021, where Indonesia is the second highest contributor to caseload after India. The province with the highest number of TB case findings in Indonesia in the last 5 years is West Java Province. To find out the spatial model of risk factors that have an effect on each district/city, an analysis was carried out using a spatial approach using secondary data. The results of this study indicate that there is a positive spatial autocorrelation that has a significant effect on the number of TB cases in West Java Province, which means that the distribution of cases forms a clustered pattern and adjacent areas tend to affect the surrounding area. The districts/cities that have become hotspot areas and are priority areas for intervention in handling TB cases in West Java Province are Bekasi Regency, Bogor Regency, Karawang Regency, Purwakarta Regency, Sukabumi Regency, Bekasi City, Bogor City and Depok City. Spatial analysis found risk factors that had different effects in each district/city area, namely the poor population, temperature and altitude, so that the forms of health interventions carried out were also different. Utilization of data with this spatial approach is expected to be able to support decision-making support related to health intervention programs and policies that are specific to the area so that they are right on target and able to reduce the number of TB cases in West Java Province.
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Data dan informasi memiliki peran yang penting dalam proses pengambilan keputusan. Di bidang kesehatan, pemanfaatan data digunakan untuk mengestimasi beban suatu penyakit termasuk determinannya. Tuberculosis (TB) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan global yang menginfeksi 10,6 juta orang di seluruh dunia pada tahun 2021, dimana Indonesia menjadi penyumbang beban kasus tertinggi kedua setelah India. Provinsi dengan jumlah temuan kasus TB tertinggi di Indonesia dalam 5 tahun terakhir adalah Provinsi Jawa Barat. Untuk mengetahui model spasial faktor risiko yang berpengaruh di masing-masing wilayah kabupaten/kota, dilakukan analisis dengan pendekatan spasial menggunakan data sekunder. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya autokorelasi spasial positif yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap jumlah kasus TB di Provinsi Jawa Barat yang artinya sebaran kasus membentuk pola mengelompok dan wilayah yang berdekatan cenderung mempengaruhi wilayah sekitarnya. Adapun wilayah kabupaten/kota yang menjadi wilayah hotspot dan menjadi wilayah prioritas intervensi penanganan kasus TB di Provinsi Jawa Barat adalah Kabupaten Bekasi, Kabupaten Bogor, Kabupaten Karawang, Kabupaten Purwakarta, Kabupaten Sukabumi, Kota Bekasi, Kota Bogor dan Kota Depok. Analisis spasial menemukan faktor risiko yang memiliki pengaruh berbeda pada masing-masing wilayah kabupaten/kota yaitu penduduk miskin, suhu dan ketinggian wilayah, sehingga bentuk intervensi kesehatan yang dilakukan juga berbeda. Pemanfaatan data dengan pendekatan spasial ini diharapkan dapat menjadi pendukung pengambilan keputusan (decision making support) terkait program dan kebijakan intervensi kesehatan yang spesifik wilayah sehingga tepat sasaran dan mampu menurunkan jumlah kasus TB di Provinsi Jawa Barat.
Data and information have an important role in the decision-making process. In the health sector, data utilization is used to estimate the burden of a disease including its determinants. Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health problem that infects 10.6 million people worldwide in 2021, where Indonesia is the second highest contributor to caseload after India. The province with the highest number of TB case findings in Indonesia in the last 5 years is West Java Province. To find out the spatial model of risk factors that have an effect on each district/city, an analysis was carried out using a spatial approach using secondary data. The results of this study indicate that there is a positive spatial autocorrelation that has a significant effect on the number of TB cases in West Java Province, which means that the distribution of cases forms a clustered pattern and adjacent areas tend to affect the surrounding area. The districts/cities that have become hotspot areas and are priority areas for intervention in handling TB cases in West Java Province are Bekasi Regency, Bogor Regency, Karawang Regency, Purwakarta Regency, Sukabumi Regency, Bekasi City, Bogor City and Depok City. Spatial analysis found risk factors that had different effects in each district/city area, namely the poor population, temperature and altitude, so that the forms of health interventions carried out were also different. Utilization of data with this spatial approach is expected to be able to support decision-making support related to health intervention programs and policies that are specific to the area so that they are right on target and able to reduce the number of TB cases in West Java Province.
T-6607
Depok : FKM-UI, 2023
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Wulansari; Pembimbing: Budi Hidayat; Penguji: Pujiyanto, Juri Hendrajadi, Arihni Suprapti
Abstrak:
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Puskesmas dituntut untuk memberikan pelayanan kesehatan kepada masyarakat dan perorangan yang paripurna, adil, merata, dan berkualitas. Agar Puskesmas berkinerja optimal dan memuaskan masyarakat, diperlukan Manajemen Puskesmas untuk menjaga mutu melalui pengaturan sumber daya secara efektif, efisien, termasuk menjaga kualitas proses pengelolaannya. Belum semua puskesmas di Indonesia menerapkan manajemen puskesmas sesuai ketentuan Permenkes 44 tahun 2016. Di Kota Depok, baru 1 puskesmas yang memberikan pelayanan bermutu sesuai standar (terakreditasi paripurna) dan masih terdapat 12 Puskesmas dengan tata kelola cukup dan kurang. Tata Kelola puskesmas dan akreditasi sangat terkait dengan penerapan manajemen puskesmas. Disisi lain, cakupan pelatihan Manajemen Puskesmas sudah 100%. Penilaian akreditasi dan PKP di Puskesmas, tidak otomatis merefleksikan output dari puskesmas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana penerapan manajemen puskesmas pasca pelatihan Manajemen Puskesmas di Puskesmas X dan Y Kota Depok Tahun 2022, ditinjau dari sisi Input, Proses dan Output serta penerapan RTL pasca pelatihan di instansi masing-masing. Metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan Rapid Assessment Procedure telah digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Peneliti menggunakan wawancara mendalam dan telaah dokumen untuk menjawab empat tujuan penelitian. Wawancara telah dilakukan informan kunci di Puskesmas terakreditasi madya, informan utama dan pendukung. Telaah dokumen dilakukan terhadap data sekunder Puskesmas serta Dinas Kesehatan. Hasil penelitian pada komponen input didapatkan bahwa faktor SDM, sumber pembiayaan, data dan SK tim belum terpenuhi secara optimal pada Puskesmas berkinerja cukup. Pada komponen proses, tahap P1 masih ada yang belum dilaksanakan sesuai pedoman, tahap P2 dilaksanakan belum sesuai agenda dan P3 pengawasan internal belum berjalan optimal serta belum memanfaatkan teknologi serta inovasi. Pada komponen Output, sebagian kecil Dokumen P1 dan P2 belum sesuai pedoman serta Rencana Tindak Lanjut Pelatihan belum seluruhnya diimplementasikan di Puskesmas karena beberapa kendala. Penerapan Manajemen Puskesmas Pasca Pelatihan Manajemen Puskesmas sangat dipengaruhi oleh komponen Input (SDM, sumber pembiayaan, tim efektif) serta Proses (P1, P2, Pengawasan dan Pengendalian). Pada akhirnya penelitian ini memberikan rekomendasi untuk melaksanakan upaya optimalisasi penerapan manajemen puskesmas di Puskesmas, mendorong terciptanya inovasi puskesmas, serta memformulasi ulang form rencana tindak lanjut pelatihan.
Health centers are required to provide health services to the community and individuals that are complete, fair, equitable, and of high quality. In order for Puskesmas to perform optimally and satisfy the community, Puskesmas Management is needed to maintain quality through effective and efficient resource management, including maintaining the quality of the management process. Not all health centers in Indonesia have implemented health center management according to the provisions of Permenkes 44 of 2016. In Depok City, only 1 health center provides quality services according to standards (fully accredited) and there are still 12 health centers with sufficient and insufficient governance. PHC governance and accreditation are closely related to the implementation of PHC management. On the other hand, the coverage of Puskesmas Management training is 100%. Assessment of accreditation and PKP at Puskesmas, does not automatically reflect the output of the puskesmas. This study aims to determine how the implementation of puskesmas management after Puskesmas Management training at Puskesmas X and Y, Depok City in 2022, in terms of Input, Process and Output as well as the implementation of RTL after training in their respective agencies. The qualitative method with the Rapid Assessment Procedure approach has been used in this study. Researchers used in-depth interviews and document review to answer the four research objectives. Interviews have been conducted with key informants at intermediate accredited health centers, main and supporting informants. Document review was conducted on secondary data from the Puskesmas and the Health Office. The results of the research on the input component found that the factors of human resources, financial resources, data and team decree have not been fulfilled optimally in moderately performing health centers. In the process component, there are still P1 stages that have not been implemented according to guidelines, P2 stages have not been implemented according to the agenda and P3 internal supervision has not run optimally and has not utilized technology and innovation. In the Output component, a small part of the P1 and P2 documents have not been in accordance with the guidelines and the Training Follow-Up Plan has not been fully implemented at the Puskesmas due to several obstacles. The implementation of Puskesmas Management after Puskesmas Management Training is strongly influenced by the Input component (HR, financial resources, effective team) and Process (P1, P2, Supervision and Control). The implementation of Puskesmas Management after Puskesmas Management Training is strongly influenced by the Input component (HR, financial resources, effective team) and Process (P1, P2, Supervision and Control).In the end, this study provides recommendations for carrying out efforts to optimize the implementation of puskesmas management at Puskesmas, encourage the creation of puskesmas innovations, and reformulate the training follow-up plan form.
T-6797
Depok : FKM-UI, 2023
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Nunung Baitaningsih; Pembimbing: Puput Oktamianti; Penguji: Ascobat Gani, Popy Yuniar, Mieska Despitasari, Juri Hendrajadi
Abstrak:
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Puskesmas sebagai fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan tingkat pertama memiliki peran penting dalam mendukung program kesehatan masyarakat. Pemenuhan sumber daya manusia kesehatan (SDMK) yang mencakup jenis dan jumlah tenaga kesehatan sesuai standar menjadi syarat utama untuk menjamin pelayanan yang berkualitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kecukupan jenis dan jumlah SDMK pada Puskesmas BLUD di Kota Depok tahun 2024 serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus melalui wawancara mendalam dan telaah dokumen pada enam Puskesmas terpilih serta instansi terkait di Kota Depok. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa masih terdapat kesenjangan antara jumlah SDMK eksisting dengan kebutuhan berdasarkan analisis jabatan dan beban kerja yang tertuang dalam dokumen perencanaan dan kebutuhan SDMK Kota Depok. Kesenjangan ini menyebabkan multitasking dan task shifting, yang berdampak pada beban kerja dan mutu layanan. Faktor yang memengaruhi pemenuhan SDMK meliputi sistem manajemen kepegawaian, kepemimpinan, kemitraan/jejaring, ketersediaan anggaran, pendidikan/pelatihan, serta kebijakan yang berlaku. Temuan juga menunjukkan bahwa fleksibilitas pengelolaan keuangan melalui BLUD belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal untuk mendukung pemenuhan SDMK. Diperlukan komitmen pemerintah daerah dalam perencanaan dan pengadaan SDMK secara strategis berbasis data dan analisis beban kerja untuk memastikan tersedianya tenaga kesehatan yang sesuai baik secara jumlah maupun jenis.
Community health centers (Puskesmas) as primary health care facilities play an important role in supporting public health programs. The fulfillment of health human resources (SDMK), which includes the type and number of health workers in accordance with standards, is a key requirement for ensuring quality services. This study aims to analyze the adequacy of the type and number of SDMK at BLUD Puskesmas in Depok City in 2024 and the factors that influence it. The study employs a qualitative approach using a case study method through in-depth interviews and document reviews at six selected Puskesmas and related institutions in Depok City. The results indicate that there is still a gap between the existing number of HHR and the needs based on job analysis and workload as outlined in Depok City's planning documents and HHR requirements. This gap leads to multitasking and task shifting, which impacts workload and service quality. Factors influencing the fulfillment of SDMK include human resource management systems, leadership, partnerships/networks, budget availability, education/training, and applicable policies. The findings also indicate that the flexibility of financial management through BLUD has not been optimally utilized to support the fulfillment of SDMK. A commitment from the local government is needed in strategic planning and procurement of SDMK based on data and workload analysis to ensure the availability of healthcare personnel that are appropriate in both quantity and type.
T-7298
Depok : FKM UI, 2025
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Zilfia Adrianti; Pembimbing: Bambang Wispriyono; Penguji: Budi Hartono, Ririn Arminsih Wulandari, Juri Hendrajadi, Abdur Rahman
Abstrak:
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Stunting merupakan permasalahan gizi yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan dan menimbulkan dampak terhadap kualitas sumber daya manusia dan perekonomian. Salah satu penyebab stunting yaitu terjadinya infeksi berulang. Infeksi terjadi dapat disebabkan oleh air minum yang dikonsumsi telah terkontaminasi oleh bakteri Eschericia coli. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kualitas mikrobiologi (Eschericia coli) pada air minum dengan kejadian stunting anak usia 12 – 59 bulan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan desain studi kasus kontrol. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 76 di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Aia Gadang yang terdiri dari 38 kasus dan 38 kontrol. Pengumpulan data penelitian dengan menggunakan compact dry EC dan membrane filter untuk kualitas mikrobiologi (Eschericia coli) dan juga menggunakan kuisioner serta dianalisis menggunakan uji chi square dan regresi logistic. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas mikrobiologi (Eschericia coli) air minum (OR=3,222; 95%CI:1,207-8,6), buang air besar sembarangan (OR=3,222 ; 95%CI:1,207-8,6) dan cuci tangan pakai sabun (OR=4,694; 95%CI:1,784-12,351) berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting anak usia 12-59 bulan. Kualitas mikrobiologi (Eschericia coli) air minum anak usia 12-59 bulan yang tidak memenuhi standar baku mutu berpeluang mengalami kejadian stunting 3,997 Kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan anak usia 12-59 bulan yang memiliki kualitas mikrobiologi air minum (Eschericia coli) memenuhi standar baku mutu setelah dikontrol variabel cuci tangan pakai sabun. Kata kunci : Stunting, Eschericia coli ,air minum
Stunting is a nutrition problem that affects growth and development and has an impact on the quality of human resources and economy. One of the causes of stunting is repeated infections. Infection can occur because the drinking water consumed has been contaminated Eschericia coli . This study aims to determine the relationship between microbiological quality ( Eschericia coli) in drinking water and the stunting in children aged 12 – 59 mounths. Thie study is an observational analytic research with a case control study design. The research sample was 76 in Puskesmas Aia Gadang consist of 38 cases and 38 controls. The data was collected using compact dry EC and membrane filter for microbiology quality (Eschericia coli) and quistionnaires and analyzed using chi square test and logistic regression. The results showed that the microbiological quality ( Eschericia coli) in drinking water (OR=3,222; 95%CI:1,207-8,6), open defecation (OR=3,222 ; 95%CI:1,207-8,6) and hand washing using soap (OR=4,694; 95%CI:1,784-12,351) associated with stunting in children aged 12-59 mounths. The Microbiological quality ( Eschericia coli) in drinking water children aged 12-59 mounths who do not qualified is 3,997 times higher risk of experiencing stunting than chikdren aged 12-59 mounths whose Microbiological quality ( Eschericia coli) qualified after controlling variable hand washing using soap . Keywords : Stunting, Eschericia coli, drinking water
T-7098
Depok : FKM UI, 2024
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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