Infeksi Saluran Penfasasan Akut (ISPA) merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus, bakteri, jamur dan kapang yang ada dalam debu berukuran tertentu. Dapat golongkan dengan Pneumonia berat dan bukan Pnemonia untuk kelompok umur kurang dari dua bulan dan Pnemonia berat, Pnemonia sedang dan bukan Pnemonia untuk kelompok umur dua bulan sampai lima tahun. Kejadian ISPA diperkirakan 10-20% penderita penyakit di Indonesia atau dengan kejadian 1102.542 kasus yang dilaporkan oleh Puskesmas dan 810.124 kasus yang dilaporkan rumah sakit. Di Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota khususnya di Kecamatan Payakumbuh masih merupakan masalah kesehatan yang utama dimana persentasenya 42,39 % tertinggi dalam 10 penyakit terbanyak yang di laporkan Puskesmas Kato Baru Simalanggang. Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui sejauh mama pajanan PM10 terhadap resiko ISPA pada Balita tahun 2006 dengan lingkungan rumah dan sumber pencemaran dalam rumah lainnya dalam rumah sebagai faktor yang mempengaruhi. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan Cross sectional dengan populasi balita yang berada di Kecamatan Payakumbuh sedangkan yang menjadi sample adalah balita yang terpilih dengan six!imatic random sampling. Data diperoleh dengan pengukuran kadar PM10, dan kelembaban, observasi dan pengamatan terhadap luas ventilasi dan iuas rumah dan wawancara dengan menggunakan kuisioner terhadap responden. Analisis data meliputi anal isis Univariat, Bivariat, Multivariat dan Uji lnteraksi. Hasil uji Bivariat terdapat lima variabel yang mempunyai hubungan yang berrnakna dengan kejadian ISPA Balita yaitu: PM10. luas ventilasi rurnah, kepadatan hunian, kebiasaan merokok anggota keluarga dan bahan bakar masak dengan nilai p < 0,05, yaitu PMio OR = 3,07 (95%CI: 1,98 - 4,76) nilai p = 0,00, luas ventilasi OR = 3,48 (95%CI: 2,23 - 5,43) nilai p = 0,00, kepadatan hunian OR = 1,95 (95%CI: 1,15 - 3,32) nilai p = 0,02 kebiaaan merokok OR = 1,76 (95%CI: 1,08 - 2,87) nilai p = 0,03, dan bahan bakar masak OR = 3,74 (95% CI : 1,87 - 7,45) nilai p = 0,00 dengan kejadian ISPA Balita. Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten, Dinas Kesehatan Propinsi, dan Departemen Kesehatan diharapkan menggalakkan upaya imunisasi dalam pencegahan terhadap ISPA.. Untuk pelaksanaan program pemberantasan penyakit ISPA perlu ditunjang dengan persyaratan perumahan sehat dan patut jadi kajian bagi Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten, Propinsi maupun Departemen Kesehatan, Kepada masyarakat disarankan agar ventilasi rumah minimal 10 % dan luas lantai dan perlunya diberi penyuluhan kepada masyarakat agar tidak merokok dalam rumah dan penggunaan bahan bakar gas untuk keperluan memasak sehari-hari.

Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are a group of diseases that can be induced by air pollution in homes. In Indonesia, the prevalence of ARI is estimated around 10-20% of cases, 1,702,542 cases reported from community health centres (Puskesmas) and 810,124 cases reported from hospitals. In Lima Puluh Kota District, especially in Payakumbuh Subdistrict, ARI remains a major health problem where it is one of the top tell diseases reported by Moto Baru Simalanggang Community Health Center with a prevalence of 42.39%. The objective of this study is to elucidate the extent of PMIO in affecting risks of ART among toddlers during 2006, with house environment and pollution sources in homes as affecting factors. This study used a cross-sectional research design using systematic random sampling, with toddlers in Payakumbuh Sub District as samples. Data obtained by measuring the level of PMIO and humidity, observing the coverage of ventilation and house area, as well as conducting interviews using questionnaire. Data were analyzed with univariate, bivariate. Bivariate analysis results showed that there are five variables with significant correlation with the incidence of ARI among toddlers. all with p values < 0.05, namely PM 10 with p value = 0.00 and OR = 3.07 (95%Cl: 1.98-4.76), coverage of ventilation in homes with p value = 0.00 and OR = 3.48 (95%CI: 2.23-5.43), population density in homes with p value = 0.02 and OR = 1.95 (95%CI: L15-3.32), smoking habit within family members with p value = 0.03 and OR = 1.76 (95%CI: 1.08-2.87), and fuel used for cooking with p value = 0.00 and OR = 3.74 (95%C1: 1.87-7.45), It is suggested that the community should he educated to not smoke inside the house, ensure that houses have coverage of ventilation of at least 10% of floor area, and never bring the children along when cooking in the kitchen. District and Provincial Health Offices and Ministry of Health should provide health education to the community regarding all of the above.

Malaria is an infectious disease caused by a malaria parasite spread by female Anopheles mosquitoes, and is currently a public health problem. Besides causing death, it also affects work productivity and income. Puskesmas Hanura, wich is included ah High Incidence Area with AMI of l59,8 per 1000 persons, has done many efforts to deal with malaria, one of those is encouraging the use of bednets by distributing them to the community. The community there uses bednets while sleeping to help prevent malaria incidence. This study used case control design, to elicit whether there is any significant relationship between exposure to mosquitoes and malaria by comparing case group and control group. Data were collected from Puskesmas I-Ianura, whit case group being patients who have been diagnosed with malaria (based on clinical symptoms and laboratory result) and control group are those who are not diagnosed with malaria, Primary data were also collected using stmctured questionnaires. The result of bivariate analysis with a confidence of 95% showed that variabels correlating with malaria incidence the use of badnets with p value = 0,000 and OR = 4,177 (95%: 2,537-6,879), the use of mosquito coil with p value = 0,038 and OR = 1,962 (95% Cl: 1,078-3,57l) and being outside the housing during night time with p value = 0,016 and OR = 1,926 (95% CI: 1,159-3,20l). The result of multivariate analiysis showed that using bednets when sleeping has a correlation with malaria incidence. Those who do not use bednets have 4,177 times begger risk to catch malaria than those who do. g. It is suggested that the community be given thorough infomation on the importance of preventing the spread of malaria. The distribution of badnets should be continued and information should be given also regarding how to use bednets properly and their benefits. It is also suggested that people should stay inside the house night.