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I Made Darmajaya; Pembimbing: Amal Chalik Sjaaf; Penguji: Adik Wibowo, Dumilah Ayunungtyas, Sukamto Koesnoe, Ketut Rupini
B-1604
Depok : FKM UI, 2014
S2 - Tesis   Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Shela Rachmayanti; Pembimbing: Asri C. Adisasmita; Penguji: Sudarto Ronoatmodjo, Sukwan Handali, Sukamto Koesnoe, Ngabila Salama
Abstrak: Latar Belakang: COVID-19 merupakan penyakit yang dinamis dan mudah bermutasi, varian Delta yang menyebabkan lonjakan kasus dan mortalitas signifikan di Indonesia pada Mei ? September 2021. Berdampak pada tingginya beban fasilitas kesehatan dan isolasi mandiri. Studi ini spesifik mempelajari dampak komorbid terhadap mortalitas pasien COVID-19 yang menjalani isolasi mandiri pada periode tersebut. Metode: Desain studi kohort retrospektif menggunakan data surveilans Dinkes DKI Jakarta, dengan total sampling pada eligible population. Dilakukan analisis kesintasan menggunakan kurva Kaplan Meier dan dilakukan evaluasi proportional hazard. Analisis multivariat dilakukan menggunakan Cox-Extended jika ditemukan pelanggaran proportional hazard Hasil: Analisis melibatkan 15.088 kasus konfirmasi dengan tingkat kesintasan keseluruhan 96,31%. Kesintasan lebih rendah pada kelompok dengan komorbid, ≥60 tahun, laki laki dan memiliki gejala (p<0.00). Cox-extended menunjukan risiko kematian pada kelompok yang memiliki komorbid pada <7hari sebesar aHR3,78(IK95%2,94-4,87) dan pada ≥7hari sebesar aHR1,78(IK95%1,412-2,954). Gangguan imunologi [aHR13,13(IK95%2,79-91,76)] merupakan komorbid yang paling berperan meningkatkan mortalitas. Kesimpulan: Risiko mortalitas selama masa pengamatan (30 hari) lebih tinggi pada kelompok yang memiliki komorbid, variabel lain yang berperan diantaranya usia lanjut, laki laki dan bergejala.
Background: COVID-19 is a very dynamic disease. Recently, a new Delta variant caused a significant spike in morbidity and mortality in Indonesia from May to September 2021, inflicting a high burden on healthcare facilities and self-isolation services. This study aims to analyze the impact of comorbidities on the mortality of COVID-19 patients who underwent self-isolation during the stipulated period. Methods: The study was a retrospective cohort, using surveillance data from the DKI Jakarta Health Office. The data was sampled through a total sampling method for the eligible population. A survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan Meier curve and a proportional hazard evaluation was carried out. Multivariate analysis was assessed using Cox-Extended, if violation of proportional hazard assumption is found. Results: The analysis included 15,088 confirmed cases with overall survival of 96.31%. Survival was lower in the group with comorbid, aged ≥60 years, male, and symptomatic (p<0.00). Cox-extended showed a higher risk of mortality in the group with comorbidities at <7th days [aHR3.78(95% CI 2.94-4.87)] and at ≥7th days aHR1,78(IK95%1,412-2,954). Immunological disorder [aHR13,13(IK95%2,79-91,76)] was the most impactful comorbid towards mortality. Conclusion: This study concludes that the risk of mortality during the observational period (30 days) was higher in the comorbid group. Other contributing variables include old age, male gender, and exhibiting symptoms.
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T-6457
Depok : FKM-UI, 2022
S2 - Tesis   Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Hardini Tri Indarti; Pembimbing: Ratna Djuwita; Penguji: Asri C. Adisasmita, Sukamto Koesnoe, Ijun Rijwan Susanto
Abstrak: Lupus Eritematosus Sistemik (LES) merupakan penyakit autoimun yang mengakibatkan peradangan di banyak organ. Prevalensi LES terus meningkat dan angka mortalitasnya pun tinggi. Etiologi LES sampai saat ini belum diketahui secara pasti. Namun, beberapa faktor risiko yang diduga dapat mempengaruhi kejadian LES. Salah satunya adalah riwayat alergi obat, terutama antibiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan riwayat alergi antibiotik dengan kejadian LES setelah dikontrol oleh variabel kovariat berupa riwayat keluarga menderita LES, riwayat menderita penyakit autoimun lain, usia menarche, dan perilaku merokok di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Kota Bandung. Penelitian ini dilakukan bulan April-Juli 2014 dengan menggunakan desain kasus kontrol. Kasus adalah pasien LES wanita yang berobat ke Poli Rematologi RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Kota Bandung. Kontrol merupakan pasien wanita yang berobat ke Poli Penyakit Dalam dengan dilakukan individual matching dengan kasus pada usia (rentang 3 tahun), dan asal daerah. Data dianalisis dengan analisis univariat, bivariat, dan multivariat dengan uji regresi logistik conditional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa riwayat alergi antibiotik cenderung meningkatkan risiko kejadian LES sebesar 2,34 kali (OR=2,34, 95% CI 0,66-8,22) setelah dikontrol oleh riwayat keluarga LES, riwayat autoimun, dan perilaku merokok. Untuk kelas antibiotik penisilin/sefalosporin, risiko meningkat menjadi 2,75 kali (OR=2,75, 95% CI 0,65-11,59). Kata kunci : LES, alergi antibiotik, matched kasus kontrol
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ( SLE ) is an autoimmune disease that results in inflammation in many organs. The prevalenceof SLE is increasing and the mortality rate was high. Etiology of SLE has not known. However , several risk factors could be expected to affect the incidence of SLE . One of them is a history of drug allergies, especially antibiotics. This study aimed to determine the relationship between antibiotic allergy history and SLE after controlled by family history,other autoimmune disease, age of menarche, and smoking behavior in Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung. This study was conducted from April to July 2014 using case-control design. Cases were women SLE patients who went to Rheumatology Department Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung. Control were a female patient who went to Internist Department with individually matched at the age ( 3 years range ), and region. Data were analyzed with univariate, bivariate , and multivariate conditional logistic regression. The results showed that a history of antibiotic allergy tends to increase the incidence of SLE for 2.34 times ( OR = 2.34 , 95 % CI 0.66 to 8.22 ) after controlled by SLE family history, history of autoimmune, and smoking behavior. For the class of penicillin/cephalosporin, the risk increased to 2.75 times ( OR = 2.75 , 95 % CI 0.65 to 11.59) . Keywords : SLE , antibiotic allergy , matched case-control
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T-4294
Depok : FKM-UI, 2015
S2 - Tesis   Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Made Ratna Saraswati; Pembimbing: Dumilah Ayuningtyas; Penguji: Purnawan Junadi, Sukamto Koesnoe, Ni Made Ayu Lestari, Amal Chalik Sjaaf
Abstrak:
Diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2) dengan komplikasi merupakan salah satu tantangan utama pelayanan kesehatan di rumah sakit rujukan tersier karena bersifat kronis, kompleks, dan membutuhkan pelayanan berkesinambungan lintas disiplin. Rumah Sakit Prof. dr. I G.N.G. Ngoerah, Bali (RS Ngoerah) sebagai rumah sakit rujukan nasional menghadapi tuntutan untuk tidak hanya menyediakan layanan klinis lanjutan, tetapi juga memastikan mutu, efisiensi, dan kesinambungan pelayanan melalui tata kelola yang kuat dan terintegrasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan governansi klinis pelayanan kronis terintegrasi bagi pasien DMT2 dengan komplikasi di Poliklinik RS Ngoerah, agar pelayanan berkesinambungan dan berkualitas. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan mixed methods dengan kerangka analisis Teori Donabedian (struktur/input–proses–outcome/output) serta prinsip governansi klinis dan pelayanan penyakit kronis. Data diperoleh melalui analisis dokumen, survei, dan wawancara mendalam dengan berbagai pemangku kepentingan layanan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara struktural RS Ngoerah telah memiliki sumber daya manusia, fasilitas, dan layanan subspesialistik yang memadai. Namun, keunggulan struktur tersebut belum sepenuhnya diikuti oleh proses pelayanan yang terintegrasi dan berkesinambungan. Pelayanan pasien DMT2 dengan komplikasi masih didominasi pendekatan episodik, terfragmentasi antar unit, serta belum didukung oleh alur pelayanan kronis terintegrasi, sistem rujuk balik yang efektif, dan pemanfaatan data klinis longitudinal secara optimal. Ketidakselarasan antara struktur/input, proses, dan outcome/output ini berdampak pada belum optimalnya efektivitas layanan, efisiensi biaya, dan pengalaman pasien. Analisis tata kelola menunjukkan bahwa interaksi unsur man, machine, dan method belum berjalan secara sinergis. Kompetensi tenaga kesehatan yang tinggi belum sepenuhnya didukung oleh sistem informasi terintegrasi dan metode pelayanan kronis yang baku. Dari perspektif availability, affordability, dan accessibility, layanan komprehensif tersedia secara klinis, namun masih terdapat hambatan dalam akses berkelanjutan dan kesesuaian pembiayaan dengan kebutuhan pelayanan kronis jangka panjang. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, penelitian ini merekomendasikan pengembangan model governansi klinis pelayanan kronis terintegrasi yang menekankan integrasi struktur/input–proses–outcome/output, penguatan kepemimpinan klinis, standarisasi alur pelayanan kronis lintas unit, pemanfaatan sistem informasi klinis terintegrasi, serta mekanisme evaluasi berbasis outcome klinis dan pengalaman pasien dalam bentuk unit pelayanan diabetes terpadu (diabetes integrated care unit). Model ini diharapkan mampu meningkatkan efektivitas, efisiensi, dan kesinambungan pelayanan pasien DMT2 dengan komplikasi di RS Ngoerah Bali, sekaligus menjadi rujukan penguatan tata kelola pelayanan penyakit kronis di rumah sakit rujukan lainnya.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with complications represents one of the major challenges in healthcare delivery at tertiary referral hospitals due to its chronic nature, clinical complexity, and the need for continuous, multidisciplinary care. Prof. dr. I G.N.G. Ngoerah Hospital, Bali (Ngoerah Hospital), as a national referral hospital, is therefore required not only to provide advanced clinical services but also to ensure the quality, efficiency, and continuity of care through a robust and integrated governance framework. This study aimed to develop an integrated chronic care governance model for patients with T2DM and complications attending the outpatient clinics of Ngoerah Hospital, Bali, in order to support high-quality and continuous care delivery. A mixed-methods approach was employed, guided by the Donabedian framework (structure/input–process–outcome/output) and informed by principles of clinical governance and chronic disease management. Data were collected through document review, surveys, and in-depth interviews with key healthcare stakeholders. The findings indicate that, from a structural perspective, Ngoerah Hospital has adequate human resources, facilities, and subspecialty services to support comprehensive diabetes care. However, these structural strengths have not been fully translated into integrated and continuous care processes. Care for patients with T2DM and complications remains predominantly episodic, fragmented across service units, and insufficiently supported by integrated chronic care pathways, effective referral-back mechanisms, and optimal use of longitudinal clinical data. This misalignment between structure/input, process, and outcomes/output has contributed to suboptimal service effectiveness, cost efficiency, and patient experience. Governance analysis further reveals that the interaction among the elements of manpower, machinery, and methods has not yet functioned synergistically. While healthcare professionals demonstrate a high level of clinical competence, this capacity is not adequately supported by integrated health information systems and standardized chronic care methods. From the perspectives of availability, affordability, and accessibility, comprehensive services are clinically available; however, barriers persist in ensuring sustained access and alignment between financing mechanisms and the long-term needs of chronic care. Based on these findings, this study recommends the development of an integrated chronic care governance model that emphasizes alignment across structure, process, and outcomes; strengthens clinical leadership; standardizes multidisciplinary chronic care pathways; optimizes the use of integrated clinical information systems; and implements evaluation mechanisms based on clinical outcomes and patient experience, as in diabetes integrated care unit. Such a model is expected to enhance the effectiveness, efficiency, and continuity of care for patients with T2DM and complications at Ngoerah Hospital, while also serving as a reference for strengthening chronic disease care governance in other tertiary referral hospitals.
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B-2560
Depok : FKM-UI, 2025
S2 - Tesis   Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Ronny Sutanto; Promotor: Dumilah Ayuningtyas; Kopromotor: Amal Chalik Sjaaf, Syahrir A. Pasinringi; Penguji: Anhari Achadi, Wachyu Sulistiadi, Idrus A. Paturusi, Djazuli Chalidyanto, Andreasta Meliala, Sukamto Koesnoe
Abstrak:

Indonesia berpotensi rawan terjadi bencana alam gempa bumi. Kerugian negara akibat bencana alam sejak  tsunami Aceh bulan desember tahun 2004 hingga gempa di sumatera barat mencapai 150 triliun lebih. Selain kerugian harta benda gempa mengakibatkan korban jiwa masif, korban luka, dan kerusakan infrastruktur. Dalam kurun waktu 5 tahun terakhir kerugian tersebut terus berulang terjadi hal tersebut diakibatkan oleh karena kegagalan tata kelola. Tata kelola bencana yang baik harus didukung Good Coorporate Governance dan Good Cinical Governance. Bencana gempa bumi di Lombok, Palu, Cianjur dan Turki telah menyebabkan kerusakan infrastruktur kesehatan, menelan korban jiwa massal dan mengakibatkan korban luka berat yang banyak. Korban umumnya adalah kasus patah tulang yang ditangani oleh dokter orthopedi. Pada saat tanggap darurat bencana gempa bumi pertolongan korban menjadi lambat disebabkan oleh beberapa hal antara lain : tenaga medis lokal turut menjadi korban, distribusi logistik terganggu, peran pemerintah dan lembaga non pemerintah dalam komando, koordinasi dan komunikasi antar lembaga kebencanaan belum sepenuhnya terintegrasi dengan regulasi yang ada, akses menuju layanan rujukan kesehatan dan fasilitas kesehatan yang terganggu. Hal tersebut menambah keparahan tata kelola bencana gempa bumi bahkan disertai tsunami, likuifaksi, longsor maupun wabah pandemi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menyusun model tata kelola darurat orthopedi pada fase tanggap darurat bencana gempa bumi berbasis sistem input proses dan output yang terjadi. Menggunakan multi case study methods di Lombok, Palu, Cianjur dan Turki rancangan penelitian ini disusun melalui lima tahapan penelitian dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian yang didapat dari hasil analisis kesenjangan menunjukkan bahwa tata kelola pada dimensi karakteristik gempa, faktor eksternal dan resiliensi bangunan fasilitas kesehatan mempengaruhi faktor existing condition yang sudah ada pada tata kelola darurat orthopedi fase tanggap darurat bencana gempa bumi. Konstruksi model dihasilkan dari analisis pengembangan tata kelola lama melalui analisis kesenjangan dari dimensi existing condition dan precondition yang telah dilakukan prediksi acceptancenya berdasar governansi klinis, organisasi dan kebencanaan sebagai rancang bangun adaptive model dari tata kelola bencana yaitu model MELFASSER. Model MELFASSER merupakan penyempurnaan dari tata kelola lama yang disusun dengan memperhitungkan dimensi karakteristik gempa antara lain Magnitude, Epicentrum dan Locations, Fore and After Shock, Side Effect dan juga mempertimbangkan faktor eksternal dan Resiliensi bangunan layanan kesehatan. Hasil temuan ini dikembangkan menjadi ajuan rancangan borang MELFASSE untuk penilaian pemberdayaan local resources dan rekomendasi aktifasi existing condition dan borang RVAHBR untuk penilaian ketahanan gedung faskes sebagai preliminary assessment pada tata kelola darurat orthopedi fase tanggap darurat bencana gempa bumi. borang MELFASSE-R yang disusun diharapkan akan lebih luas pemanfaatannya dan dapat digunakan dengan mudah sesuai dengan kapasitas sumberdaya lokal dalam menyusun rekomendasi aksi selanjutnya pada saat fase tanggap darurat bencana gempa bumi.


 

Indonesia is prone to potential earthquake natural disasters. State losses due to disasters since the Aceh tsunami in December 2004  to West Sumatra earthquake reached more than 150 trillion rupiah. Apart from significant property lossess, the earthquake resulted in massive loss of life, injuries and infrastructure damages. Over the past 5 years, these losses have continued to occur repeatedly, this is due to failures in governance. Good disaster governance must be supported by Good Corporate Governance and Good Clinical Governance. Earthquake disasters in Lombok, Palu, Cianjur and Turkey lead to many health infrastructures damage, severe mass casualties, and resulted in many serious injuries. Victims of serious injuries most commonly suffer from bone fractures that require treatment by an orthopedic surgeon. During the earthquake response phase, humanitarian aid to victims was slow due to several things, including : local medical personnel became victims, logistics distribution was disrupted, the role of government and non-governmental institution in command, coordination and communication among disasters institution  was not fully integrated with existing regulations, access to health referral services and health facilities is disrupted. This increases to the severity of earthquake disaster governance, even accompanied by tsunamis, liquefaction, landslides and pandemic outbreaks. The aim of this research is to establish a model for orthopedic emergency governance in an earthquake disaster response phase based on the process input and output systems. Using multi case study methods in Lombok, Palu, Cianjur and Turkey, this research design was structured through five stages with a qualitative approach. The research results obtained from the gap analysis showed that governance in the dimensions of earthquake characteristics, external factors and resilience of health facility buildings influenced existing condition factors that already established in orthopedic emergency governance during the response phase earthquake disasters. The model generated from development analysis of existing disaster governance through gap analysis of existing conditions dimensions and preconditions whose acceptance predictions have been carried out based on clinical, organizational and disaster governance as a design for an adaptive model of disaster governance, namely the MELFASSER model. The MELFASSER model is an adaptive model from an established existing disaster governance systems in consideration of earthquake characteristics dimensions including Magnitude, Epicenter and Location, Fore and AfterShock, Side effects and also considering External factors and the Resilience of health service buildings. The results of these findings were developed into a proposal to design the MELFASSE form for assessing the empowerment of local resources and recommendations for activating existing conditions and the RVAHBR form for assessing the resilience of health facility buildings as a preliminary assessment in orthopedic emergency management during the earthquake emergency response phase.  The proposed MELFASSE-R forms is hopefully will have a broader use and to be easily adapted and carried out by existing local resources as a recommendation for further action in the response phase of an earthquake disaster.

 

 

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D-562
Depok : FKM UI, 2024
S3 - Disertasi   Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Giri Aji; Promotor: Ratna Djuwita; Kopromotor: Mondastri Korib Sudaryo, Sukamto Koesnoe; Penguji: Nurhayati Adnan, Sabarinah Prasetyo, Tri Yunis Miko Wahyono, Soewarta Kosen, Lyana Setiawan
Abstrak:
Lupu Eitematosus Sistemik adalah suatu penyakit autoimun yang melibatkan multi organ yang umumnya menyerang wanita dan bersifat kronik yang perjalanan penyakitnya ditandai dengan relaps dan remisi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mencari faktor risiko perburukan pasien lupus eritematosus sistemik dengan menganalisa beberapa variabel seperti usia, tingkat pendidikan, anemia, obat-obatan dihubungkan dengan perburukan yang diukur dengan skor Systemic Lupus Eythematosus Disease Activity Index. Selain itu, dilakukan juga peneltian deskritptif mengenai sebaran gen Human Leucocyte Antigen pada subpopulasi penelitian.

Systemic Lupus Erythemattosus is an autoimmune disease which involved multi organs and have chronic course and mostly inflicted woman , the nature of the disease involved relaps and remission This research aim to find risk factor for worsening (flare) of SLE by analysing variables like age, education level, anemia, drugs associated to flare measured by Systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index and we also conduct Human Leucocyte Antigen genotyping for subpopulation of the study.


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D-491
Depok : FKM-UI, 2023
S3 - Disertasi   Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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