ABSTRACT

 Uterine cervical cancer is still a public health problem in Indonesia with incidence rate of 12.6 / 100,000 women and mortality rate 7.0 / 100,000 women. (IARC, 2008). Indonesian mortality rate is still high due to the risk factors that have not been handled in community. Multi parity (especially parity > 4) or total of women giving birth as a risk factor for uterine cervical cancer was still high. This study aims to determine the effect of parity > 4 to uterine cervical cancer. The study design is a hospital-based case-control, which samples were taken from 6 hospitals and then matched by hospital and age interval of 10 years. Multivariate analysis using conditional logistic regression shows the parity > 4 increases the risk of uterine cervical cancer OR: 1.85, CI 95% (1.14 -3.02). Therefore, efforts to develop programs that can limit births as family planning program will help reduce the occurrence of cases of cervix uteri.

  disebabkan kehilangan fungsi folikel sel-sel telur. Wanita yang memasuki

 menopause mengalami penurunan hormon estrogen yang mengganggu

 aktivitas sehari-hari, bahkan menurunkan kualitas hidup. Penggunaan kon-

 trasepsi pil berhubungan dengan penundaan usia dan keluhan menopause.

 Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan antara penggunaan kon-

 trasepsi pil terhadap usia menopause. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain

 potong lintang. Populasi adalah wanita menopause di Pos Pembinaan

  Terpadu (Posbindu) Kota Depok. Sampel pada penelitian adalah wanita

 menopause yang berusia 45 _ 60 tahun. Teknik pengambilan sampel se-

 cara purposive sampling subjek dengan besar sampel 407 orang. Analisis

 multivariat pada penelitian ini menggunakan cox proportional hazard model.

 Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan antara lama

  penggunaan kontrasepsi pil terhadap usia menopause baik sebelum mau-

 pun sesudah dikontrol variabel kovariat, yaitu tingkat pendidikan. Namun

 demikian, masih diperlukan penelitian lain dengan menggunakan desain

  penelitian kohort prospektif untuk dapat melihat hubungan temporal antara

 lama penggunaan kontrasepsi pil terhadap usia menopause.

 Menopause is marked with the permanent cessation of menstruation due to

 the loss of follicles. Earlier menopause will be likely to increase the risk

 factors relating to declined estrogen level, such as osteoporosis that can

 lead to early death. A woman entering menopause period often experiences

 declined estrogen hormone that causes her to have complaints or distur-

 ances that hinder her daily activities and even reduce her quality of life.

  However, the use of oral contraceptive poses a correlation with the post-

 poning of menopause age and complaints. The primary aim of this study

 was to examine the relation of oral contraceptive use and age at

 menopause. This was an observational study with cross-sectional study

 design. Population in this study was all menopausal women in integrated

  training post (Posbindu), Depok. The sample was menopausal women

 

 

 purposive sampling. The data was analysed by cox?s proportional hazard

 analysed. The longer use of oral contraceptive was not associated with age

 at menopause before and after adjusted for confounding variable (educa-

 tion). However, another similar studies was still needed with prospective

 kohort study design to know temporality causal of longer use of oral

 contraceptive and age at menopause.