Sindrom metabolik merupakan kumpulan faktor risiko kardiometabolik yang semakin meningkat di Indonesia. Studi ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi determinan biopsikososial yang berhubungan dengan sindrom metabolik pada penduduk usia ≥15 tahun, menggunakan data Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) 2023. Sebanyak 17.766 responden dianalisis menggunakan regresi logistik multivariat. Prevalensi sindrom metabolik tercatat sebesar 37,7%, lebih tinggi pada perempuan (44,2%) dibandingkan laki-laki (28,2%), dan meningkat pada usia ≥45 tahun. Komponen paling umum adalah hipertensi dan obesitas sentral. Lingkar perut (AOR: 4,00; 95%CI: 3,80–4,20) dan rasio lingkar perut terhadap tinggi badan (AOR: 3,95; 95%CI: 3,75–4,15) merupakan determinan biomedis terkuat. Paparan rokok aktif dan pasif, serta konsumsi alkohol, meningkatkan risiko, sementara aktivitas fisik menunjukkan efek protektif. Konsumsi makanan ultra proses tingkat sedang dan tinggi (AOR: 1,12–1,22) serta konsumsi sedang makanan berlemak dan berbumbu juga meningkatkan risiko secara signifikan. Hasil ini menunjukkan perlunya intervensi yang lebih terarah pada kelompok perempuan dewasa dan lansia, melalui strategi promosi gaya hidup sehat dan pengendalian obesitas sentral untuk menurunkan beban sindrom metabolik di Indonesia.

Metabolic syndrome is a growing public health concern in Indonesia, involving a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors. This study aimed to identify biopsychosocial determinants associated with metabolic syndrome among individuals aged ≥15 years using data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI). A total of 17,766 respondents were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 37.7%, higher among women (44.2%) than men (28.2%), and increased significantly in those aged ≥45 years. The most common components were hypertension and central obesity. Key biomedical predictors included waist circumference (AOR: 4.00; 95% CI: 3.80–4.20) and waist-to-height ratio (AOR: 3.95; 95% CI: 3.75–4.15). Psychosocial factors such as active/passive smoking and alcohol consumption increased the risk, while higher levels of physical activity were protective. Additionally, moderate and high consumption of ultra-processed foods (AOR: 1.12–1.22) and moderate intake of fatty and seasoned foods were significantly associated with increased risk. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions, especially for adult and older women, focusing on healthy lifestyle promotion and central obesity control to reduce the burden of metabolic syndrome in Indonesia.

Stunting merupakan masalah gizi kronis yang berdampak jangka panjang terhadap kesehatan, perkembangan kognitif, dan produktivitas. Kabupaten/kota Pulau Papua masih menunjukkan prevalensi stunting yang tinggi, melebihi rata-rata nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting pada anak usia 6–59 bulan di 29 kabupaten/kota Pulau Papua menggunakan pendekatan studi ekologi. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) 2023. Analisis dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat, dan multivariat menggunakan regresi linier berganda. Variabel yang dianalisis meliputi karakteristik ibu dan anak, asupan makanan, penyakit infeksi, praktik pengasuhan, akses layanan kesehatan, kondisi lingkungan, dan status ekonomi. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan beberapa variabel memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan stunting, seperti tinggi badan ibu <150 cm, pendidikan ibu <SMA, keragaman pangan rendah, konsumsi tablet tambah darah <90 tablet, tidak ASI eksklusif, dan sanitasi tidak aman. Namun, tidak ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan secara statistik dalam analisis multivariat. Temuan ini menekankan pentingnya pendekatan berbasis wilayah dan multisektoral yang mempertimbangkan konteks lokal dalam perencanaan intervensi stunting di Pulau Papua.
Kata kunci: stunting, studi ekologi, Pulau Papua, anak balita, faktor risiko

Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem with long-term impacts on health, cognitive development, and productivity. Districts and municipalities in Papua Island continue to show high stunting prevalence rates, exceeding the national average. This study aims to analyze the factors associated with stunting among children aged 6–59 months in 29 districts/municipalities of Papua Island using an ecological study approach. The research utilizes secondary data from the 2023 Indonesia Health Survey (SKI). Data analysis was conducted through univariate, bivariate, and multivariate methods using multiple linear regression. The analyzed variables included maternal and child characteristics, food intake, infectious diseases, childcare practices, healthcare access, environmental conditions, and economic status. Bivariate analysis revealed significant associations between stunting and several factors, such as maternal height <150 cm, education level below senior high school, low dietary diversity, iron tablet consumption <90 tablets, non-exclusive breastfeeding, and unsafe sanitation. However, no statistically significant associations were found in the multivariate analysis. These findings highlight the importance of area-based and multisectoral approaches that take local context into account in planning stunting intervention programs in Papua Island. Keywords: stunting, ecological study, Papua Island, under-five children, risk factors