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Background: The burden of disease and mortality caused by Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) has increased with the increasing prevalence of CKD risk factors. The National Health Insurance (JKN) program has increased healthcare access. However, the access in urban population is not the same as in rural. Objectives: To find out the relationship between the patients’ residential area (urban or rural) and the role of the contextual variables at the provincial level on the mortality of hospitalized JKN patients with CKD. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using BPJS Kesehatan 2015-2016 sample data. Multivariate analysis was performed with Generalized Estimating Equations and continued with multilevel analysis. Results: The study showed the proportion of deaths was 19.95%. Respectively, rural residents compared to urban and treated in hospitals at Regional 1, 3 and 5 had higher mortality risk OR 1.37 (95%CI 1.33-1.41), 1.82 (95%CI 1.72-1.92), 5.90 (95%CI 4.28-8.12) with p<0.01. However, rural residents compared to urban and treated in hospitals at Regional 4 had reduced risk of death, OR 0.51 (95%CI 0.45-0.59;p<0.01) and those whom treated in hospitals at regional 2 had OR 1.03 (95%CI 0.96-1.12; p>0.05). The contextual variables of the study caused 8.98% mortality variance at provincial level. Conclusions: Rural residents had higher risk of death than those in urban and there was small variation in mortality between provinces.
One of the mandates of Law Number 40 Year 2004 that the community gets the benefits of health care and protection for Basic Health Needs (KDK), and if the community requires hospitalization then it is served according to standard inpatient room. This is stated in National Health Insurance (JKN) Roadmap 2012-2019, equality of medical and non-medical benefit packages for JKN participants in hospitals in 2019, but so far this has not been realized. The issuance of PP Number 47 Yearf 2021 regulates standard classes that will be implemented on January 1, 2023 and also regulates intensive rooms, isolation rooms and provisions for full-time human resources. The study aims to analyze the readiness of implementation standard inpatient room (KRIS), intensive rooms, isolation rooms and the provision of full-time human resources using a quantitative approach (a questionnaire designed 12 concepts of KRIS JKN criteria in November 2021) and qualitative approch (in-depth interviews using the theory of Donald van Metter and Carl van Horn) at 22 hospitals in the Tangerang district. The results of the study show that the readiness of hospitals at the end of year 2021 to implement KRIS is still less than 60% of hospitals fulfill the criteria for density room (area for bed, minimum distance between beds are 1.5m2, maximum number of bed in KRIS); hospitals fulfilled 23% for intensive care criteria, 36% for isolation room; and 15%-20% full-time specialist doctors in private hospitals and 100% in government hospitals (quantity not quality). Suggestions for this research: the hospital does a mapping of the current availability of inpatient rooms and adjustments are made after the KRIS JKN criteria are set by the government; the government immediately make implementing regulations including firmness on the type of participation and tariffs to be applied so that hospitals can prepare them properly, harmonize regulations, provide tax breaks for medical devices, allocate special funds for government hospitals, massive socialization to hospitals or the wider community, conduct mapping doctors then collaborate with educational institutions that produce specialist doctors; Private hospitals also prepare special funds independently for the preparation of the KRIS JKN; the implementation of KRIS JKN, intensive rooms and isolation rooms is carried out in stages over the next 2- 4 years
