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Each year the transmission of disease through fecal-oral route, includingdiarrhea has caused many deaths, especially among children in the world.Examination of the microbial quality of water is not sufficient to accuratelydescribe the level of risk of diarrhea . This is because the factors of sanitationand hygiene behavior also play an important role in the transmission ofdiarrheal diseases. Therefore it is necessary to do research on a picture orportrait of availability of sanitation facilities and hygienic behavior ofhealthy in society and its relationship with the incidence of diarrhea. Weused cross-sectional study design. We conducted an assessment of thecondition of sanitation facilities and people's behavior by usingEnvironmental Health Risk Assessment (EHRA) data in 9 villages in Depok. In each village 60 households taken as a sample so that the number ofrespondents used was 540 households. Questionnaires and observation sheetsare used to determine the condition of sanitation facilities and people'sbehavior and the incidence of diarrhea. We found a significant relationshipbetween household sewage treatment [ OR = 0.42 (95 % confidence interval( CI ) , 0.23-0.76) ] , the behavior of handwashing with soap [ OR = 4.93(3.11 -7.82) ] , and defecation behavior [ OR = 6.61 (2.03 to 21.58) ] with theincidence of diarrhea. From the result we can conclude that the condition ofsanitation facilities ( household waste ) and hygiene habits (washing handswith soap and defecation ) people have a relationship with the incidence ofdiarrhea in the community .Key words : ciliwung, diarrhea, hygiene, risk assessment, sanitation
Abstrak Di Indonesia diperkirakan 70%. pencemaran udara bersumber pada emisi kendaraan bermotor. Dampak terbesar dari pencemaran udara adalah gangguan pernapasan. Sebagai upaya pengendalian emisi kendaraan dilakukan uji emisi kendaraan yang sejak 2005. Pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan korelasi hasil emisi kendaraan, kualitas udara dan faktor meteorologis terhadap kejadian ISPA, sepanjang 2010. Selain itu dilakukan pula survei pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku (PSP) terhadap 311 pemilik kendaraan mengenai kegiatan uji emisi kendaraan. Setelah dilakukan analisis diketahui angka kejadian ISPA di Jakarta sebesar 93 kasus/1000 penduduk, dengan kejadian terbesar di wilayah Jakarta Pusat, yaitu 215 kasus/1000 penduduk. Sedangkan analisis emisi kendaraan bermotor didapatkan presentase kendaraan bermotor dengan tahun pembuatan 2007 ke atas, yang tidak lulus uji emisi, paling besar adalah 23,6 % di wilayah Jakarta Selatan. Sedangkan, kualitas udara di wilayah Jakarta Pusat memiliki tingkat kosentrasi CO, SO2, O3 dan NO2 yang tinggi dibandingkan wilayah lain. Pada gambaran periode bulanan didapatkan angka kejadian ISPA tertinggi pada bulan Agustus 2010, sebesar 96,9 kasus/1000 penduduk. Begitu pula dengan presentase kendaraan bermotor dengan tahun pembuatan lebih dari 2007 yang tidak lulus uji emisi pada Agustus 2010 mencapai titik tertinggi sebesar 50%. Korelasi ini secara statistic dinyatakan signifikan dengan nilai p 0,0005. Kepada seluruh pemilik kendaraan bermotor diharapkan rutin melakukan perawatan kendaraan/uji emisi guna mengurangi polutan emisi kendaraan di DKI Jakarta.
Estimated air pollution originates from motor vehicle emissions, In Indonesia is 70%.. Meanwhile, the greatest impact of the air is pencemaraan respiratory distress. This research will be conducted on the correlation results of vehicle emissions, air quality and meteorological factors on the incidence of respiratory infections, during 2010. In addition it also conducted a survey of knowledge, attitudes and behavior (KAB) against 311 vehicle owners regarding vehicle emissions testing activities. After analyzing known incidence of ARI in Jakarta is 93 cases/1000 population, with the largest events in the area of Central Jakarta (215 cases/1000 population). While the analysis found in South Jakarta, 23.6% of motor vehicle with year of manufacture 2007 and up, did not pass the emissions test. Meanwhile, the air quality in Central Jakarta has a level of concentration of CO, SO2, O3 and NO2 Keywords: are higher than in other regions. The highest incidence rate of ARI in August 2010 (96.9 cases/1000 population). Similarly, the percentage of vehicles with year of manufacture 2007 and up, which did not pass the emissions test in August 2010 reached its highest point at 50%. This correlation is statistically significant (P=0,0005). It is suggest for vehicles owner to check their vechicle routinely/ doing emissions test, so that its can reduce pollution in Jakarta.
