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Kata kunci : Sanitasi, higiene, Escherichia coli, makanan
Kata Kunci: E. Coli, Penjamah makanan, Restoran, Bandara Soekarno Hatta
The purpose of this study was to analyze the contamination of E.coli inrestaurant in the area of Soekarno Hatta International Airport. Variables thatexamined in this study are including the hygiene of food handlers, locationand building, and the presence of vector. This study used a cross-sectionaldesign, using 44 restaurants in the area of Soekarno Hatta InternationalAirport in 2015, as samples. The result based on multivariate analysis showedthat the hygiene of food handlers (p=0.007, OR=10.340) and the location andbuilding (p=0.040, OR=16.237) shows the influence of E.coli contaminationon food. The results of the study also showed that all restaurants requiredadditional operational posters for food handlers showing the caution to alwayswash hands and to keep the workplace clean. The poster should also containreminder for food handlers to always use gloves, food tonges, and aprons toavoid direct contact between food handlers with the food to be served.
Keywords: E. Coli, Food Handler, Restaurant, Soekarno Hatta Airport.
Keberadaan Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) di Indonesia yang sudah hampir setengah abad yang lalu sejak pertama kali di temukan kasusnya di Surabaya pada tahun 1968 belum dapat di berantas secara tuntas dari bumi Indonesia, bahkan jumlah kasus cenderung meningkat setiap tahunnya. Sampai saat ini belum ada obat yang dapat membunuh / membasmi virus demam berdarah sehingga cara yang paling tepat dan efektif adalah dengan cara memotong mata rantai penularan dengan membasmi nyamuk Aedes-nya, dan cara yang paling tepat guna adalah dengan membasmi jentik / larva yang ada di tempat perkembangbiakannya yang sudah di kenal dengan program Pemberantasan Sarang Nyamuk DBD (PSN-DBD) dengan cara 3M. Dari kondisi tersebut dapat di ketahui bahwa peran serta masyarakat yaitu perilaku masyarakat terutama perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat dari masyarakat termasuk kebersihan lingkungan pada umumnya mempunyai kontribusi yang cukup besar di dalam keberhasilan pemberantasan DBD. Penelitian ini ingin mengetahui perilaku masyarakat terutama faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku masyarakat dalam pencegahan demam berdarah dengue (DBD) di Kecamatan Kedaton Kota Bandar Lampung. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan non eksperimen sedangkan pengumpulan data di lakukan secara Cross Sectional (potong lintang). Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh rumah yang ada pada 4 kelurahan yang paling endemis di Kecamatan Kedaton Kota Bandar Lampung yaitu: (Kedaton, Perum Way Halim, Labuhan Ratu, dan Sepang Jaya), pengambilan sampel di lakukan pada 400 kepala keluarga dengan cara Systematic Random Sampling, sedangkan metode pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian di ketahui bahwa sebanyak 57 % responden mempunyai perilaku baik dalam pencegahan DBD, dan sebanyak 43 % responden mempunyai perilaku kurang baik dalam pencegahan DBD. Hasil analisis bivariat menggunakan uji statistik Chi Square di dapatkan kelima variabel independen (pendidikan, pengetahuan, sikap, ekonomi, dan keterpaparan informasi / penyuluhan) masing-masing menghasilkan p-value < 0,05 artinya ada hubungan yang bermakna antara tingkat pendidikan formal, pengetahuan, sikap, ekonomi, dan keterpaparan informasi / penyuluhan dengan perilaku masyarakat dalam pencegahan DBD. Sedangkan pada analisis multivariat menggunakan analisis regresi logistik ganda model prediksi di ketahui bahwa variabel yang paling besar pengaruhnya / paling dominan terhadap perilaku masyarakat terhadap pencegahan DBD adalah variabel pengetahuan, di dapatkan Odd Ratio (OR) dari variabel pengetahuan adalah 7,667 artinya responden yang memiliki pengetahuan yang baik tentang PSN-DBD mempunyai peluang melakukan pencegahan DBD sebesar 7,667 kali lebih tinggi di banding yang mempunyai pengetahuan rendah / kurang setelah dikontrol variabel pendidikan, sikap, status ekonomi dan keterpaparan. Perilaku masyarakat di ketahui memiliki kontribusi yang cukup besar di dalam pemberantasan DBD, dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa faktor pengetahuan responden tentang pencegahan dan pemberantasan DBD merupakan faktor yang paling dominan untuk terjadinya perilaku pencegahan dan pemberantasan DBD. Perlu di pikirkan bentuk sosialisasi yang lebih efektif agar pengetahuan tentang pencegahan dan pemberantasan DBD dapat di miliki secara merata pada seluruh lapisan masyarakat, dengan demikian masyarakat akan lebih mudah di dalam melakukan pencegahan DBD / perilaku pencegahan ke arah yang lebih baik.
In Indonesia, Dengue Fever (DF) has been acknowledged in almost half a century as its first case was found at Surabaya in 1968. Since then, the disease cannot be completely eradicated and the cases are more likely to increase from year to year. Until now, there is no cure that be able to kill or destroy the dengue virus. Therefore, the effective way on dealing with the disease is to detach the chain of transmission by eradicating the Aedes mosquitoes. And the most proper way to eliminate the mosquitoes is by terminating its larva at its breedingplaces, which is known by a program called Pemberantasan Sarang Nyamuk DBD (PSN-DBD) with 3M or the Dengue's Mosquito Breedingplace Eradications Program (DM-BEP). To meet the condition, community participation has played an important role, especially the community behavior on healthy and clean life in keeping a healthy environment. This, in general, will contribute to a successful program of Dengue eradication. The study has an aim on describing the community behavior for factors that related to the dengue prevention behavior at Kedaton Sub-district of Kota Bandar Lampung. The study is a quantitative research with a non-experiment design, and data is gathered by a cross-sectional approach. The population is all household at 4 most endemic villages (kelurahan) at Kedaton Sub-district, namely: Kedaton, Perum Way Halim, Labuhan Ratu, and Sepang Jaya. Method of sampling is using a systematic random sampling, and 400 household has drawn. Data is collected by using questionnaire. The result of the study found that there are 57% of respondents have a good behavior in term of dengue fever prevention. From bivariate analysis, with Chi Square Test, showed that five variables, namely: formal education level, knowledge, attitude, level of economic, and IEC exposures, have a p-value less than 0.05. This indicates that those variables have a significant relationship with the community behavior on the prevention of the disease. While its multivariate analysis, with a double logistic regression, found that the most dominant variable at the prediction model for community behavior on the dengue prevention is knowledge, with an OR in 7.667. This means that respondents who have a good knowledge on DM-BEP will have a probability 7.667 times to do the dengue prevention, compare to those who have low or less knowledge on DM-BEP. The value of OR is resulted after the variable is controlled with variables of education, attitude, economic status, and exposures. To conclude, community behaviors have a great contribution on the effort of eradicating the DF, and the study found that factor of respondent?s knowledge on DMBEP is the most dominant factors on creating the behavior on preventing and eradicating the DF. It is suggested that there is a need on constructing an effective form of socialization in order to raise the awareness and increase the community knowledge on DM-BEP in all level, in such that the community will easily applying the way to prevent the disease, as well as having a better prevention behavior.
Various ways in which to improve sanitation and environmental preservation Soekarno Hatta Airport, one of them with the concept of eco-airport. Components that should be considered at the concept of eco-airport is on the processing of waste. The purpose of this study is to describe the quality parameters of wastewater processed Wastewater Treatment Soekarno Hatta Airport. This research uses qualitative study design using primary data and secondary data. The results showed Wastewater Treatment Soekarno Hatta Airport through the processing stage introduction, the first stage of processing, the processing of the second stage and third stage processing. Characteristics of wastewater produced that contained the physical characteristics of the suspended solids. Chemical characteristics of which are organic materials such as proteins, fats, oils, also found heavy metals, nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater Soekarno Hatta Airport. Parameters that do not qualify throughout 2015 that the parameters pH in April and November, the pH value below the quality standard
Aedes aegypti is type of mosquito that carries dengue virus causes dengue fever. Aedes aegypti is also a carrier for chikungunya virus and yellow fever. Eradication of Aedes aegypti also means eradicate breedingsites in order to break the life cycle of mosquitoes effectively. It’s known that Aedes aegypti can use water in addition clean water for a breeding place. The purpose of this study is to determine the ability of observation hatch the eggs of Aedes aegypti and growth ability of Aedes aegypti from the egg fase to the adult fase on ground water as a control, rain water, clotes washing water, waste water of showers, rain water with 80 grams of soil, rain water with 160 gram of soil, clotes washing water with 80 grams of soil, clotes washing water with 160 grams of soil, waste water with 80 grams of soil, waste water with 160 grams of soil. This study was quasi experimental. Each containers was inserted Aedes aegypti eggs as many as 25 pieces in each container of contaminated water, each treatment was repeated three times. Result were analize by looking at the graph of result from observation its known that Aedes aegypty is able to multiply in aqueous media which have direct contact with the ground. Average number of larvae that can live most was in the waste water of shower with 160 grams of soil. Which is an average 18 on larvae phase, 18 on pupa phase, and 18 on adult phase. From the analysis can be concluded that the Aedes aegypti can breed in polluted water and direct contact with the ground/soil. It is recommended for the government to have depth study for changes in behavior of Aedes aegypti breeding to make control programs more effective.
Penyalkit demam berdarah merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia, yang cenderung semakin Iuas distribusinya sejalan dengan meningkatnya mobilitas dan kepadatan penduduk. Seluruh wilayah Indonwia mempunyai resiko untuk kejangkitan penyakit DBD, dikarenakan memiliki koudisi lingkungan yang sama sebagai kesatuan wilayah ekologis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan kejadian demam berdarah dengan lingkungan fisik mmah meliputi lingkungan dalam rumah, linglcungan luar mmah. Suhu, pencahayaan, kelembaban dan keberadaan jentik sedangkan karakteristik individu meliputi umur, pendidikan, perilaku , pengctahuan. Rancangan penelitian ini adalalah kasus kontrol dengan menggunakan analitik. Sebagai rcspondennya adalah orang yang terkena penyakit DBD yang telah di diagnosis doktcr dan uji laboratolium IgG dan IgM , sorta kontrol adalah tetanga penderita di wilayah Kota metro, dcngan jumlah 100 kasus dan 100 kontrol. Data di ambil dengau wawancara, obscrvasi dan melakukan pengukuran. Data-data yang terkumpul di olah dengan tahapan editing data, coding data, entry data, cleaning data. Selanjutnya dilakukan analisis univariat, bivariat dengan uji kai kudrat, dan multivamiat dengan regresi logistik. Di dapatkan hasil akhir ada hubungan yang bcrmakna antara kejadian DBD dengan keheradaan jentik, kejadian DBD dcngan umur, kejadian DBD dengan kelembaban dan kejadian DBD dengan pendidikan. Faktor yang dominan terhadap kejadian DBD adalah faktor jentik. Dari hasil yang di dapat disarankan pada pemerintah daerah untuk dapat melihat kcberadaan jentik melalui Angka bebas jentik, indeks house dan kontainer serta melaksanakan trias UKS pada anak sckolah yaim pendidikan kesehatan, pelayanan keschatan dan pembinaan lingkungan sekolah sehat scrta mcmbuat prioritas program pada daerah endemik, pendidikan rcndah Serta daerah yang banyak anak-anak. Sedangkan pada Dinas Kesehatan dan Puskesmas diharapkan ada kerjasama dengan BMG, melaksanakan pendidikan kesehatan melalui kader dan melaksanakan 3 M secara intensif, dan untuk peneliti diharaikan ada penelitian lebih lanjut.
Dengue Fever is one of public health problems in Indonesia, its distribution tends to wider due to the increaseing of mobility and population density. All of Indonesian’s area is having risk of dengue fever infection, because it has similar environmental condition as united of ecological zone. The research aimed to know the relation between dengue fever case with housing environment covers internal house environment (indoor), extemal house environment (outdoor), temperature, lighting, humidity and mosquito larva existence while respondent characteristic covers age, education, behavior, and knowledge. The research methodology is analytical case control. People who have been diagnose having dengue fever by the doctor and IgG and IgM laboratory test as respondents I case, while control is the neighbor of the patient at Metro City, there is 100 case and 100 control. Data collected by interview, observation and measurement. The collected data processed with several steps: data editing, data coding, data entry, and data cleaning. Furthermore it analyzed with univariate analysis and bivariate with chi square and multivariate with logistic regression. The research final result show that there is a significant relation between; dengue fever case with mosquito larva existence, dengue fever case with age, dengue fever case with humidity, and dengue fever case with education. The most dominant factor toward dengue fever case is the mosquito larva. From the obtained result its suggest to the government to observe the mosquito larva trough the mosquito larva level, housing index and container and held the Trias UKS at school; health services, health education, and the founding of school environmental and make priority programs at endemic area, low education, and children areas. While the Health Department and Public Health Center expected to cooperate with BMG, to held health education trough forming of cadre and conduct 3M intensively and to conduct further research.