Abstrak: Pentingnya pemahaman potensi rute transmisi selain melalui droplet dan/atau kontak langsung, yang berfungsi untuk menghindari kluster baru dan mengurangi kejadian COVID-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode literature review untuk memperoleh gambaran mengenai eksistensi dari SARS-CoV-2 pada air limbah dan saluran pembuangan air limbah. Terdapat 20 studi yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini yang membahas mengenai rute transmisi, metode deteksi, karakteristik, dampak, dan metode disinfeksi SARS-CoV2 pada air limbah. Hasil menunjukkan telah terbukti adanya RNA SARS-CoV-2 pada tinja dan air limbah, namun hingga kini belum ada kasus COVID-19 yang terbukti menular melalui fecal-oral atau kontak dengan air limbah. Pada umumnya, metode deteksi yang digunakan untuk menguji keberadaan virus di air limbah adalah uji deteksi asam nukleat. Virus RNA dipengaruhi oleh temperatur, konsentrasi padatan tersuspensi, pH, dan disinfektan yang digunakan. Adapun disinfektan yang dapat digunakan, yaitu penyinaran UV, ozonisasi, dan klorinasi. Data SARS-CoV-2 pada air limbah yang diperoleh dapat digunakan untuk melakukan Wastewater-Based Surveillance sebagai peringatan dini akan terjadinya pandemi.

Abstrak:

ABSTRAK Malaria is a main public health problem in 109 countries and approximately 14 million people live in malaria endemic provinces in Afghanistan. This study is aimed to identify the independent predictors influencing the use of bed nets and determine the bed net coverage through a cross-sectional study with sample size of 171 households in Badakhshan province of Afghanistan. The result indicated that source of health education, number of rooms, locality of households and reading ability are the significant predictors associated with use of bed net and the coverage of bed net was 18.8% among surveyed population. As a conclusion, the big proportion of people who reported the habit of sleeping under bed net, were the respondents who received malaria related health messages from (TV, radio, newspapers, workplace and mosque), lived in urban area, owned less number of rooms and were able to read.

Abstrak: Instensifikasi pertanian merupakan langkah peningkatan produk pertanian, sepertipengolahan lahan pertanian dan pembasmian hama atau penyakit pada tanaman.Pestisida dapat membasmi hama dalam waktu singkat namun berisiko buruk terhadapkesehatan dan lingkungan. Penggunaan pestisida pada lahan pertanian dipengaruhi olehpengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku petani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahuipengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku petani dalam penggunaan pestisida serta memprediksiberapa banyak asupan cabai, kubis, dan kentang yang dikonsumsi petani menimbulkanrisiko gangguan kesehatan di Kecamatan Cikajang, Kabupaten Garut. Penelitian inimenggunakan disain cross sectional dengan pendekatan analisis risiko kesehatanlingkungan (ARKL). Sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 105 responden petani danpenyemprot tanaman menggunakan pestisida. Responden dipilih menggunakan metodepurposive sampling. Berdasarkan hasil univariat, 93% berpengetahuan kurang baik,68% bersikap baik, dan 63% berperilaku kurang baik. Berdasarkan hasil bivariat, bahwafaktor tingkat pengetahuan berhubungan signifikan dengan nilai risiko (RQ) gangguankesehatan (p = 0,042; OR = 1,69). Hasil ini menunjukkan perlunya penyuluhan tentangpenggunaan pestisida dan pengawasan aktivitas petani agar risiko gangguan kesehatandapat dicegah.Kata kunci : Pengetahuan, Sikap, Perilaku, Pestisida, Risk Quotient, ARKL

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Instensification agriculture is a step improvement of agricultural products, such asprocessing of agricultural land and eradication of pests or plant diseases. Pesticides caneradicate the pest in a short time but bad risk to health and the environment. The use ofpesticides on agricultural land is affected by the knowledge, attitudes, and behavior offarmers. This study aims to determine knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of farmers inthe use of pesticides and to predict how much intake of chili, cabbage, and potatoes areconsumed by the farmer raises the risk of health problems in the district Cikajang,Garut. This study used cross sectional design with environmental health risk analysisapproach (ARKL). The research sample of 105 respondents of farmers and cropspraying using pesticides. Respondents were selected using the method of purposivesampling. Based on the results of the univariate, 93% less knowledgeable good, 68% tobe good, and 63% misbehave. Based on the results of the bivariate, that factorssignificantly associated with the level of knowledge of the value of risk (RQ) healthproblems (p = 0.042; OR = 1.69). These results show the need for education about theuse of pesticides and supervision of the activities of farmers to the risk of healthproblems can be prevented. that the knowledge level factors significantly associatedwith the risk value (RQ) health problems (p = 0.042; OR = 1.69). These results show theneed for education about the use of pesticides and supervision of the activities offarmers to the risk of health problems can be prevented. that the knowledge level factorssignificantly associated with the risk value (RQ) health problems (p = 0.042; OR =1.69). These results show the need for education about the use of pesticides andsupervision of the activities of farmers to the risk of health problems can be prevented.Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Behavior, Pesticides, Risk Quotient, ARKL.