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Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui efektivitas intervensi psikoedukasi kesehatan reproduksi remaja tunagrahita terhadap pengetahuan dan praktik orangtua siswa tunagrahita di SLB C Tri Asih Jakarta.
Metode : Kuasi eksperimen dengan pre-post test without control yang ditujukan kepada 36 orangtua siswa tunagrahita di SLB C Tri Asih Jakarta. Hasil : Rata-rata pengetahuan orangtua siswa tunagrahita sebelum diberikan intervensi adalah 10,28, setelah diberikan intervensi, pada post test 1 menjadi 11,61 dan pada post test 2 menjadi 11,94. Rata-rata praktik orangtua siswa tunagrahita sebelum intervensi adalah 1,08 dan setelah intervensi menjadi 1,11.
Kesimpulan : Terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan dan praktik orangtua siswa tunagrahita di SLB Tri Asih Jakarta setelah diberikan intervensi psikoedukasi kesehatan reproduksi remaja tunagrahita, namun, peningkatan ini belum bisa dikatakan efektif.
Kata kunci : psikoedukasi, kesehatan reproduksi, remaja tunagrahita
The study aims to know residential density, sexual activity of parents and itseffect on sexual behaviour among teenagers in Yogyakarta in 2015. The studyuses cross sectional design with regression logistic analysis. The result shows thatthe parents who live in dense residents have risk two times higher to do sexualactivity that has bad effect on the children than the parents who live in otherresidents (OR 2,06 95% CI: 1,030-3,723) while the teenagers who live in denseresidents has risk 1.7 times higher to do risked sexual activity than the teenagerswho live in other place (OR 1,78 95% CI:0,63-5,00). Moreover, the factors ofsexual activity among teenagers are sex, attitude, media and the role of peergroup. The suggestion for health department and community health centre in thearea is doing a campaign forteenagers and training in risked area i.e. urban area,especially area that has high number of population.Key words: residential density, sexual activity of parents, sexual behaviour ofteenagers
Kata Kunci : Remaja, perilaku seksual, Sekolah Menengah Pertama
Adolescents who are not able to control their sex drive, tend to have risky sexual behavior. The aim of this research is to find out the factors that are related to adolescents sexual behavior at Junior High School (SMPN X Jakarta) in 2015. This research has used cross sectional research design and sample of 248 people. There were 8,1% students who have risky sexual behaviour. Bivariate test showed that there are associations between independent variable of sex, age of the first time being exposured by pornography on internet media, influences from peer group and pornography exposure on internet media (socmed, website, chat room, and game online), and dependent variable of sexual behavior. Researcher has revealed three kinds of risky sexual behavior in this research, which are: kissing 6%, petting 1%, and oral sex 0,4%.
Key words : Adolescent, sexual behavior, Junior High School
Masa remaja merupakan masa peralihan antara masa kanak-kanak dan masa dewasa yang ditandai oleh berbagai perubahan fisik, emosi dan psikis. Perkembangan lain yang perlu mendapat perhatian pada remaja diantaranya perkembangan kognisi, sosial dan seksual. Berbagai pengaruh yang berkaitan dengan perilaku seksual remaja diantaranya tradisi dan budaya setempat, komunikasi dengan kelompok sebaya, pengaruh keluarga dan lingkungan, keterpajanan media informasi baik media cetak maupun elektronik, pengaruh pendidikan seks di sekolah dan komunikasi dengan guru. Hal tersebut apabila tidak diantisipasi sejak dini akan berdampak pada perilaku seksual yang berisiko. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah diketahuinya perilaku seksual remaja pada Sekolah Menengah Atas di Kabupaten Pandeglang serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Manfaat yang diharapkan dapat memberikan masukan bagi Pemerintah daerah (Dinas Pendidikan, Dinas Kesehatan, Dinas Kependudukan Keluarga Berencana dan Catatan Sipil dan Kantor Departemen Agama Kabupaten Pandeglang) perihal perilaku seks anak didik, sebagai bahan pertimbangan dalam memberikan solusi dan intervensi yang tepat, cepat dan berkesinambungan untuk membimbing anak didik mengatasi masalah perilaku seks yang dihadapinya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan penelitian cross sectional. Lokasi penelitian di Kabupaten Pandeglang dengan populasi penelitian siswa pada 30 Sekolah Menengah Atas. Penentuan sampel menggunakan rancangan Multi Stage Sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 131 siswa. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan analisis univariat, analisis bivariat (uji chi square) dan analisis multivariat (uji regresi logistik). Hasil analisis univariat menunjukkan 12 (9,2%) siswa pernah melakukan hubungan seksual dengan alasan tertinggi ingin coba-coba 50% yang dilakukan dengan pacar sebanyak 91,6%. Seluruh siswa pernah mempunyai pacar, namun dari 14 item pertanyaan mengenai perilaku seksual alasan tidak melakukan salah satu perilaku seks karena takut dosa 31,3% dan dilarang agama 29,0%. Hasil Analisis Bivariat yang rnempunyai hubungan bermakna adalah faktor pengetahuan, faktor keterpajanan media informasi dan faktor kepatuhan agama. Sedangkan hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan variabel yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan perilaku seksual remaja adalah keterpajanan media informasi. Disarankan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan siswa tentang seksual dan kesehatan reproduksi, instruksi pendidikan segera mewujudkan instruksi Menteri Pendidikan NasionaI Nomor 91[]11997 tentang HIV/AIDS, kesehatan reproduksi dan Infeksi Menular Seksual. Perlunya dibentuk layanan informasi dan konseling tentang kesehatan reproduksi dan perlunya meningkatkan pengetahuan guru melalui berbagai pelatihan kesehatan reproduksi. Selain itu, peran orang tua diharapkan dapat lebih meningkatkan komunikasi dengan remaja perihal perilaku seksual dan kesehatan reproduksi.
Adolescence is known as transition period from childhood to adulthood that can be identified with the changes of physical, emotion, and psychology of the individual. Other developments that occur on the period of adolescence are includes the cognition, social, and sexual development. Regards to sexual development, there are many influences to the adolescent that will determine her/his sexual behavior, such as local tradition and culture, communication with peers, family and environs influence, exposures on media of both written and electronic, openness to sex education at school, and communication with the teachers. It is believed that those factors mention above will lead to a risky sexual behavior if they have not anticipated in early stage. The purpose of the study is to find out the adolescent sexual behavior and its related factors among Senior High School students at the district of Pandeglang. It is hope that the result of the study will 'give a contribution to the district authority offices related (Education Authority, Health Authority, Population Authority Family Planning and Civilian Record and District Ministry of Religion of District of Pandeglang) in regards to the students sexual behavior, as a consideration on making suitable solution and carrying out a prompt and persist intervention, in order to give guidance to the students to deal with her/his sexual behavior problems they faced. The study is a quantitative study that using cross sectional research design. The study is carried out at the district of Pandeglang with the students of 30 Senior High Schools as the population. Sample is determined by using a multistage sampling method, and yielded the sample at 131 students. Data is analyzed in three stages procedures, i.e. the univariate analysis, bivariate analysis (with chi's square test), and multivariate analysis (using logistic regression test). All the students are stated that they have ever had a boy/girlfriend. The univariate analysis showed that among 131 students, there are 12 (9.2%) students that have committed on having sexual intercourse. The most reason for having sexual intercourse is `just want to try' (50.0%) and most of the sexual partner is their boy/girlfriend (91.6%). Among those who stated that never do any sexual behavior, of 14 items on the reason why they never did, are: afraid to be sin (31.3%) and because it's forbidden in the religion (29.0%). Result from bivariate analysis, variables that having significantly related to adolescent sexual behavior are: knowledge on reproductive health, media information exposures, and religious obedience. The multivariate analysis found that the most dominant variable related to the adolescent sexual behavior is the media information exposures. It is suggested that there is a need on increasing the students' knowledge on sexual and reproductive health; the educational institution should implement the decree of the Ministry of National Education Number 9IU/1997 about HIV/AIDS, Reproductive Health, and Sexually Transmitted Diseases; the need on establishing the information and counseling services on reproductive health; the need on increasing the teachers' knowledge on reproductive health by training; and the role of parents is also need to enhance in order to elevate the relationship with teenagers, and they can discuss freely the issues on sexual behavior and reproductive health.
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan cross sectional. Lokasi penelitian di Kabupaten Karawang dengan populasi penelitian remaja pada 21 SMU Negeri. Penetapan sampel dengan rancangan multistage random sampling dengan besar sampel 300 orang. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui gambaran perilaku seksual remaja SMU Negeri di Kabupaten Karawang tahun 2013 dan hubungannya dengan pola asuh orang tua. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 32,7% remaja berperilaku seksual berisiko, bahkan 12% sudah pernah melakukan hubungan seksual. Pada analisis bivariat diperoleh hubungan antara pola asuh permisif/otoritatif terhadap perilaku seksual dengan OR 2,462. Variabel yang paling dominan yang berhubungan dengan perilaku seksual remaja adalah paparan jenis media pornografi.
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted by using quantitative method and data analysis was based on crosssectional, data collected from multistage random sampling of 300 high school students in 21 Senior High schools in Karawang Regency.The objectives of the study were to find out the general description of sexual behaviours among high school students in Karawang Regency in 2013, and to investigate the relationship between parenting styles and adolescents’ sexual behaviours. The results showed that 32.7% of adolescents have risky sexual behaviours, and 12 % was found had premarital relationship. The bivariate analysis indicated that there was relationship between permissive/authoritarian parenting styles on adolescents’ sexual behaviours with OR 2.462. Furthermore, the results also revealed that the explosion of information on pornography from media was contributed as a main variable on adolescents’ sexual behaviours.
Masa remaja merupakan masa peralihan antara masa kanak-kanak dan masa dewasa yang ditandai oleh berbagai perubahan fisik, emosi dan psikis. Perubahan fisik dan psikis yang tidak seimbang menyebabkan remaja remaja memerlukan pengertian, bimbingan dan dukungan lingkungan disekitarnya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan penelitian cross sectional. Lokasi penelitian di Kabupaten Mimika pada bulan Maret 2008 dengan subjek penelitian remaja 4 Sekolah Menengah Atas dengan sampel 200 responden. Penentuan sampel menggunakan metode klaster dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 200 siswa. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan uji regresi logistik. Hasil analisis ditemukan sebanyak 35% remaja SMA di Kabupaten Mimika memiliki perilaku seksual berisiko, dimana 14% diantaranya sudah pernah berhubungan seksual. Hasil analisis selanjutnya ditemui melalui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku seksual remaja setelah dikontrol yaitu komunikasi dengan teman tentang kesehatan reproduksi dan seksualitas„ peran adapt/tradisi terhadap berbagai perilaku seksual, pengetahuan tentang kesehatan reproduksi dan seksualitas, sikap terhadap berbagai perilaku seksual, dan keterpaparan dengan media tentang seksualitas. Diantara berbagai faktor tersebut, komunikasi dengan teman merupakan faktor paling dominant berhubungan dengan perilaku seksual remaja pada siswa SMA di Kabupaten Mimika tahun 2008, dimana remaja yang berkomunikasi aktif dengan teman tentang kesehatan reproduksi tentang seksualitas berpeluang 5 kali untuk berperilaku seksual berisiko dibandingkan dengan remaja yang tidak aktif berkomunikasi dengan teman. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, disarankan untuk sekolah membentuk peer educator di lingkungan sekolah sedangkan dinas kesehatan (puskesmas) dapat mengaktifkan program Pelayanan Kesehatan Peduli Remaja. Kepada para tokoh agama dan adat diharapkan dapat meningkatkan penyuluhan dan pembelajaran sehingga adapt/tradisi yang permisif secara perlahan akan hilang.
Adolescent period is known as transition period from childhood to adult which indicated by identified with the changes of physical, emotion and psychology of the individual. Adolescent need congeniality support and tuition about him/her because the changes of phychical and psychical uneven. This research was quantitative research that using cross sectional research design. Research location in Mimika in the month of march 2008 with adolescent population at 4 Senior High School and the sample as 200 respondents. Variable studied are consisting of demographic factors (sex), thoughts and feelings factors (knowledge and attitudes), reinforcing factors (communication with the parent, peer and teacher), resources factors (exposure on media) and culture factors (local tradition). Data processing performed by logistics regression examination. The result of the research showed from 200 Senior High School adolescent in Mimika, 35% have sexual behavior at risk even 14% among others have sexual intercourse. Result of the research analysis, variable that having significantly related to adolescent sexual behavior are: communication with peers about reproduction health, local tradition on a variety sexual behavior, knowledge reproduction health, attitude to a variety sexual behavior and media information exposure. Among those factors, communication with the peers is the dominant factor related with the adolescent sexual behavior at senior high school in Mimika, 2008, where aldolescent communication actively with the peer, were more than five times as high risky sexual behavior. Based on result this research, it is suggested peers educator at surrounding school, activate Service Health Program for Adolescent Care and counseling and learning increases so that permissive tradition slowly will be decreased.