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HIV/AIDS impact to increased susceptibility to other diseases infections whichlead to death. The death of AIDS is also a problem, especially in Indonesia.According to UNAIDS, Indonesia is included in the list of countries where deathsfrom AIDS do not decline or rate of less than 25% of his descent. This research isobservational research, design with cross sectional. This research aims to know thedescription and the main factors which related to mortality of AIDS HIV/AIDS ininpatient unit RSUPN Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo in 2008-2012. The sample of thisresearch are 207 patients. Data collected by utilizing the patient's medical record datato see the independent variables consisted of gender, age, job, CD4 levels, risk factorsof transmission, the amount of illness suffered, nutritional status, history of centralnervous disorders, drug consumption history ARV consumption, and psychologicalconditions to be linked with the status of a patient's death related with HIV/AIDS.The data analysis done to multivariate analysis with prediction model. The resultsshowed that the AIDS death prevalence reach up to 28.5%. The results ofMultivariate analysis obtained 4 variables related to the death of AIDS, poornutritional status (OR=4,75) with 95% CI (2,278-9,917), central nervous disorderhistory (OR=1,82) with 95% CI (1,025-3,251), the number of illnesses suffered morethan 5 disease (OR=4,09) with 95% CI (1,854-9,043), and CD4 levels. CD4 levelsbecame the most influential factors towards AIDS deaths with a value of 5, 9 OR and95% CI (2,096-17,106). From the results can be recommended the efforts toincreased awareness toward control CD4 blood levels for HIV/AIDS patients andother supporting efforts to prevent deaths of AIDS such as improved quality ofnutrition AIDS patients, screening and early detection of central nervous disorders,and prevention of complications of the disease.Keywords: HIV/AIDS, Death, CD4 level, main determinant
Based on the WHO report 2013, extra-pulmonary TB cases in Indonesia have increased from 14.054 in 2012 to 15.697 in 2013. One of hospitals which get an increase of extra-pulmonary TB cases is National Center General Hospital Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta, so, this study ultimately aims to identify risk factors that associated with extra-pulmonary TB to TB hospitalized patients in National Center General Hospital Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta 2011-2013.
Hospital admissions and mortality due to pneumonia increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, both due to COVID-19 and other pathogens, Thus, risk factors need to be identified. The research was conducted to simultaneously analyze the relationship between various biological, lifestyle, environmental and health service determinants on the survival rate of pneumonia patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research uses mixed methods design. First, a quantitative retrospective cohort study was performed using cox regression analysis, interaction analysis was carried out using stratification and multiplication methods. Simple random sampling was done from medical records list of pneumonia patients who were treated during the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020December 2021 at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. Second, a sequential explanatory qualitative study was performed with a case study design. Information was collected through in-depth interviews of six informants to explain the dynamics of health determinants and inpatient survival from a hospital resilience perspective. There were 1945 subjects, the incidence of mortality during hospitalization was 34.1%. Biological determinants associated with an increased risk of mortality were initial conditions of severe pneumonia (HR 1,8; CI95% 1,38-2,43), CCI score ≥2 (HR 1,5; CI95% 1,16-2,08), complications ≥2 (HR 5,9; 95%CI 2,9-11,9), the trend of inpatient mortality increases with increasing age. The risk of death was lower in subjects with primary infection of organs other than the lungs (HR 0,4; 95% CI 0,35-0,51). Determinants of health care that are associated with an increased risk of death are intubation (HR 1,6; 95% CI 1,27-2,05) and waiting time in the ER ≥8 hours (HR 1,4; 95% CI 1,12-1,63), mortality risk was lower in subjects who received intensive care (HR 0,3;95%CI 0,25-0,41), anticoagulant therapy (HR 0,3;95%CI 0,27-0,44) and steroid therapy in severe non-COVID-19 pneumonia (0,7; 95%CI 0,5-0,9). In COVID-19 pneumonia subjects, the risk of death during hospitalization was lower if they received empiric antibiotics (HR 0,4; 95%CI 0,26-0,58), anticoagulant therapy (HR 0,3; 95%CI 0,23-0,4), and antiviral therapy (HR 0,4;95% CI 0,3-0,5). Steroids (HR 0,4; CI95% 0,3-0,6), convalescent plasma therapy (HR 0,2; CI95% 0,08-0,57), and anti-interleukin-6 therapy (HR 0,7; IK95% 0,46-1,03) reduces the risk of inpatient death in severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Hospital resilience is maintained by having zoning policies, implementing risk mitigation principles, and modulating services according to the principle of proportionality. Hospital networks help reduce financial burdens through providing donations or grants. Hospital vulnerabilities include the fragility of infrastructure, slower process of return to regular services, fearness among health workers and pre-hospital triage not adequately performed. There was no interaction between the pneumonia etiology variable and the surge phase of cases, and there was no interaction between the pneumonia etiology variable and the length of stay in the ER. Biological, environmental and health service determinants are associated to the inpatient survival rate of pneumonia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Hospital resilience needs to be assessed by looking at the impact of the pandemic on mortality from COVID-19 pneumonia and non-COVID-19 pneumonia. Management of the surge capacity due to the COVID-19 pandemic needs to consider zoning principles, proportional service modulation, psychological readiness of health workers, financial condition of hospitals, and infrastructure readiness. Prehospital triage is an external factor that helps improve hospital resilience. Keywords : Pneumonia; COVID-19; Pandemic; survival; hospital resilience
ABSTRAK Nama : Muhadi Program Studi : Epidemiologi Judul : Cedera Hati Hipoksik Prediktor Komplikasi Akut Utama Pasien Infark Miokard Di Unit Rawat Intensif Koroner Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo, Tahun 2006-2016 Latar Belakang: Infark miokard salah satu penyebab kematian terbanyak di dunia. MACE (Major Adverse Cardiac Event) adalah komplikasi akut utama yang terjadi pada pasien infark miokard, meliputi gagal jantung akut, syok kardiogenik dan aritmia fatal. Diperlukan biomarker yang akurat, mudah dilakukan dan costeffective untuk memprediksi MACE dan kematian. Cedera hati hipoksik atau HLI (hypoxic liver injury) adalah salah satu biomarker potensial menggunakan kadar enzim hati transaminase (aspartate transaminase) sebagai parameter. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui peran HLI sebagai prediktor MACE pada pasien infark miokard tanpa gambaran EKG elevasi segmen ST (NSTEMI). Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang dengan keluaran berupa MACE dan kohort retrospektif dengan keluaran kematian selama masa perawatan. Populasi penelitian adalah semua pasien NSTEMI yang menjalani perawatan di ICCU RSCM. Sampel penelitian adalah pasien NSTEMI yang menjalani perawatan di ICCU RSCM pada tahun 2006-2016 dan memenuhi kriteria penelitian sebanyak 277 subyek. Penentuan titik potong HLI berdasarkan kadar aspartate transaminase (AST) yang dapat memprediksi MACE dan kematian dihitung dengan kurva ROC. Analisis multivariat dilakukan menggunakan regresi logistik untuk mendapatkan POR terhadap MACE dengan memasukkan kovariat. Analisis bivariat mengenai sintasan pasien terhadap kematian dilakukan dengan menggunakan kurva Kaplan-Meier dan diuji dengan Log-rank. Hasil: MACE pada penelitian ini adalah 51,3% (gagal jantung akut 48,4%, aritmia fatal 6,5%, syok kardiogenik 7,2%) dan angka kematian sebesar 6,13%. Median nilai AST adalah 35 U/L pada seluruh subyek, 40 (8-2062) U/L pada subyek dengan MACE dan 31 (6-1642) U/L dengan subyek tanpa MACE (p 0,003). Nilai titik potong yang diambil untuk memprediksi MACE adalah 101,0 U/L (sensitivitas 21,8%, spesifisitas 89,6%, POR 2,727 (IK 95% 1,306-5,696), p 0,006). Pada analisis multivariat tidak didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara HLI dengan MACE. Nilai titik potong untuk memprediksi kesintasan terhadap kematian adalah 99,0 U/L (sensitivitas 23,5%, spesifisitas 83,8%, likelihood ratio + 1,46). Tidak didapatkan perbedaan kesintasan yang bermakna antara subyek dengan nilai HLI di bawah dan di atas titik potong kadar AST. Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan median nilai AST yang bermakna pada pasien NSTEMI dengan dan tanpa MACE. Titik potong kadar AST untuk memprediksi MACE adalah 101,0 U/L. Titik potong kadar AST untuk memprediksi kesintasan adalah 99 mg/dl. Tidak terdapat perbedaan kesintasan pada pasien dengan nilai HLI di bawah dan di atas titik potong kadar AST. Kata Kunci: Infark miokard; NSTEMI; AST; Cedera hati hipoksik; MACE; Kesintasan
ABSTRACT Name : Muhadi Study Program : Epidemiology Title : Hypoxic Liver Injury as Predictor of Major Adverse Cardiac Events in Acute Myocardial Infarction patients admitted to Intensive Coroner Care Unit of Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, 2006-2016 Background: Myocard infarction (MI) is the leading cause of death around the world. Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE) complicating MI are acute heart failure, cardiogenic shock and fatal arrhytmia. An accurate, easy and costeffective biomarker is needed to predict MACE and mortality in patients with MI. Hypoxic liver injury (HLI) is a potential biomarker using aspartate transaminase (AST) level as the parameter. This study is aimed to discover HLI’s role in predicting MACE in Non ST Elevation Myocard Infarct (NSTEMI). Method : This study is designed as cross sectional to predict MACE and prospective cohort for survival analysis. Study population is all NSTEMI patients admitted to ICCU of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital and study sample are NSTEMI patients admitted to ICCU of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital that meets all criteria during 2006-2016 (277 subjects). Cut-off level of AST for HLI to predict MACE and mortality is analyzed using ROC curve and AUC. Survival analysis is done using Kaplan Meier curve and the difference is tested with LogRank. Result: Incidence of MACE in this study is 51.3% (acute heart failure 48.4%, fatal arrhytmia 6.5%, cardiogenic shock 7.2%) and mortality rate is 6.13%. The median of AST level on all subject is 35 U/L, 40 (8-2062) U/L in subjects with MACE and 31 (6-1642) U/L in subjects without MACE (p 0.003). Cut-off level for AST used to predict MACE is 101 U/L (sensitivity 21.8%, specificity 89.6%, POR 2.727 (CI 95% 1.306-5.696), p 0.006). In multivariate analysis, HLI is insignificantly related to MACE. Cut-off level for AST used to predict survival is 99 U/L (sensitivity 23.5%, specificity 83.8%, likelihood ratio + 1.46). There are no significant difference of survival between groups with HLI level below and above the cut-off AST level. Conclusion: There is significant differences of median AST level between NSTEMI patients with and without MACE. Cut-off level for AST used to predict MACE is 101 U/L. Cut-off level for AST used to predict survival is 99 U/L. There are no significant difference of survival between groups with AST level below and above the cut-off AST level. Keywords: Myocard Infarct; NSTEMI; AST; Hypoxic Liver Injury; MACE; Survival.
Background: The patients prevalence who experience worsening clinical conditions on the general ward is 15-20%, which causes a serious outcome, namely death. Mortality events in this group of patients who were called rapid response team were influenced by high NEWS score points. Objective: To determine the association between NEWS and mortality in patients who have called TMRC at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Methods: This study used a retrospective cohort design from the medical records of patients who have called TMRC in all hospital areas except the operating room, intensive care, and emergency department. The sample was selected using total sampling, analyzed using Kaplan-meier survival analysis and cox extended model analysis. Results: Patients who have called TMRC with a high NEWS score in less than 15 days had increased risk of mortality aHR 2,86, 95% CI 2,18?3,77, p-value 0,000 in those who did not have chronic liver disease. Meanwhile, in patients with a high NEWS score who had chronic liver disease the risk of mortality increased to aHR 4,17, 95% CI 1,39?12,44, p-value 0,01 after being controlled with sepsis. Conclusion: A high NEWS score at less than 15 days had almost 3-fold increased risk of mortality in those without chronic liver disease. Meanwhile, in patients who have chronic liver disease, the risk of mortality increases to 4 times after being controlled with sepsis.
