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The purpose of this study was to determine the factors (predisposing factors suchas age, knowledge about HIV AIDS, attitudes towards condom use, enablingfactors are exposure to HIV AIDS program and the availability of condoms,reinforcing factor is the existence of peer support groups associated with thepractice of the use of condoms on transsexuals in Tangerang city in 2015. Thisstudy used cross sectional design with a sample totaling 151 transvestites taken ofthe total sample and questionnaire as a measuring tool of the study. The results ofthis study showed that 55.6% of respondents always use a condom, 56.3 % of thesame age to 30 years, 57.6% good knowledge, 51.7% negative attitudes towardcondom use, 53.6% are exposed to HIV AIDS program, 62.3% providedcondoms, 76.2% no peer support groups. According to chi square test there arefour variables that have a significant relation to the practice of condom use ontranssexuals that knowledge about HIV AIDS, exposure to HIV AIDS program,the availability of condoms, and peer support. The most dominant factor is theexposure of HIV-AIDS program to the practice of the use of condoms on atranssexual.Keywords: transvestites, condoms, HIV AIDS
Penelitian ini bertujuan mengindentifikasi hubungan penggunaan kondomdengan pencegahan HIV pada LSL di 6 kota di Indonesia dengan menggunakan dataSurvey Terpadu Biologis dan Perilaku (STBP 2015). Penelitian ini menggunakan studicross-sectional yang dilaksanakan pada Maret-Juni 2018. Populasi pada penelitian iniyaitu LSL yang memiliki pasangan tetap wanita, pria, atau waria. Jumlah sampelsebanyak 773 responden dengan melakukan pembersihan data.
Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa hubungan penggunaan kondom dengan status HIV memberikannilai p= 0,059 Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara seks anal dengan status HIVdengan nilai p= 0,027. Perlu dilakukan penyuluhan dan intervensi yang lebih agarpemakaian kondom dapat lebih efektif sebagai metode pencegahan HIVKata kunci: AIDS, HIV, LSL, Condom
HIV and AIDS is still a case of attention in the world and Indonesia. Among thevulnerable groups of HIV transmission, MSM is one of the key populations contributingto the number of new HIV cases by 2015 at 12%. There are various factors in the spreadof HIV in MSM, one of which is consistent condom use.
This study aims to identifycondom use relationships with HIV prevention in MSM in 6 cities in Indonesia usingBiological Integrated Survey and Behavioral Survey data (STBP 2015). This study usesa cross-sectional study conducted in March-June 2018. The population in this study isMSM who have a permanent partner of women, men, or waria. The number of samplesis 773 respondents by performing data cleaning.
The results showed that the relationshipof condom use with HIV status gave p value = 0.059 There was a significant correlationbetween anal sex with HIV status with p value = 0,027. More counseling andinterventions are needed to make condom use more effective as a method of HIVprevention.
Keywords: AIDS,HIV, MSM, Condom.
Prevalensi HIV pada LSL terus meningkat dari tahun ke tahun, 8% pada 2007 menjadi 17% pada 2011. Tingginya prevalensi HIV pada populasi ini disebabkan oleh pratek perilaku seks aman berupa penggunaan kondom secara konsisten yang masih rendah, 32% pada 2007 dan 24% pada 2011. Tujuan penelitian: Diperolehnya informasi yang mendalam tentang faktor-faktor pendukung dan penghambat perilaku penggunaan kondom secara konsisten pada pekerja seks laki-laki panti pijat serta situasi dan pola penggunaan kondomnya. Desain penelitian: Kualitatif menggunakan rapid assessment procedures. Sebanyak 30 informan dipilih melalui ?stratified? purposive sampling dari 15 panti pijat laki-laki, diwawancarai secara mendalam menggunakan structured open-ended question, ditranskrip dan matriks dibuat untuk memilah data sesuai tema-tema yang muncul. Observasi situasi di panti pijat dan analisis dokumen dilakukan untuk melengkapi wawancara mendalam. Analisis-interpretasi data dilakukan berdasarkan 5 level Socio Ecological Model. Hasil: Sebagian besar faktor-faktor pada level individual (pengetahuan, motivasi dan kesiapan menggunakan kondom, niat, keputusan menggunakan kondom, keterampilan, dan selfefficacy) dalam situasi yang memadai dan menjadi faktor pendukung penggunaan kondom secara konsisten. Namun pengaruh faktor-faktor ini tidak langsung dan sangat dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor interpersonal terutama klien, atasan/manajer panti pijat, teman dan pasangan tetap serta oleh faktor-faktor situasi organisasi panti pijat seperti aturan organisasi, mekanisme rantai suplai distribusi dan promosi kondom, struktur dan budaya organisasi. Faktor-faktor pada level komunitas tidak mendukung tetapi juga tidak menghambat secara langsung karena jejaring, kapasitas, kepemimpinan, partisipasi dan sumber daya komunitas masih embrional dan belum kuat. Faktor-faktor pada level kebijakan publik mendukung perilaku penggunaan kondom informan karena memungkinkan ketersediaan dan distribusi kondom serta program HIV berjalan di panti pijat. Namun karena adanya kontradiksi antara beberapa kebijakan publik, pengaruhnya menjadi terbatas. Ditemukan juga ada 3 pola umum penggunaan kondom pada informan yang merupakan model sederhana dari stage of change model, health believe model, precaution adoption process model dan social cognitive theory. Kesimpulan/rekomendasi: semua informan telah menggunakan kondom tetapi hanya sebagian kecil informan, sekitar 30%, yang penggunaan kondomnya konsisten. Faktor pada level interpersonal dan organisasional adalah faktor yang paling mempengaruhi penggunaan kondom informan dibandingkan faktor-faktor pada level individual, komunitas dan kebijakan publik. Disarankan agar intervensi pencegahan HIV menyasar lebih dalam faktor-faktor pada kedua level tersebut.
Background: HIV prevalence among MSM increase time to time, 8% in 2007 to 17% in 2011. High HIV prevalence among this population caused by low unsafe sex practices in form of consistent condom use, 32% in 2007 and 24% in 2011. Study purpose: to acquired insight of consistent condom use suporting and inhibiting factors among massage parlor-based male sex workers as well as situation and patterns of condom use behavior. Study design: qualitative approach using rapid assessment procedure method. Thirty informans were select through ?stratified? purposive sampling from 15 massage parlors, interviewed using structured open-ended questions, trancripted and matrix developed for data sorting to captured any emerged themes. Documents and secondary data analysis and observation carried out to suplement indepth interview. Data analysis and interpretation done based on 5 levesl of Socio Ecological Model. Results: Most of factors at individual level (knowledge, motivation and readiness to use condom, behavioral intention, deicion about acting, condom use skill, self-efficacy) were adequate and as supporting factors for consistent condom use practices. However influences of these factors was indirect and greathly influenced by interpersonal factors particularly by clients, massage parlor managers, peers and steady partners as well as by organizational factors such as massage parlor work regulation, condom supply chain management and promotion, organizational culture and structure. Factors at community level were neither support nor inhibit directly to consitent condom use practices. These are mainly caused by inadequate and embryonic stage of community networking, capacity, leadership, participation, and resources. Factors at public policy level support informant?s consistent condom use practices since these factors enabled condom availability and distribution and presence of HIV prevention program inside the massage parlors as well. However due to contradiction among those existing public policy, the influences were narrow. This study found 3 general patterns of informant?s condom use practices which are served as simple model of social cognitive theory, stages of change model, health believe model and precaution adoption process model. Conslusion/recommendation: All informants had used condom but only few of them, about 30%, had used it consistently. Factors at interpersonal and organizational level were the most influencing factors for consistent condom use practices among informants compared to factors at individual, community and public policy level. It is recommended to have deeper and more intensive intervention at those two levels.
The behavior of wasting food in households occurs at various stages, from shopping food, storing food and preparing food to consumption. This study aims to dig deeper into the behavior of wasting food in households at a case study household scale in Semarang. This type of research is qualitative. The research data collection method used focus group discussions consisting of 8 groups with the following categories focus group discussions based on age, gender, number of family members and level of education. The behavior of wasting food in households often occurs at the shopping stage, it has not yet been consumed but has spoiled as a result of unplanned household food shopping patterns. Based on the results of focus group discussions, households still do not understand how to distinguish the ?expired date? and the ?date before food is fit for consumption?. Based on the results of focus group discussions, households are still not motivated enough to keep food from spoiling easily and eventually turning into trash. In terms of norms, all households have a habit of providing excess food so that the food spoils easily and eventually becomes trash. In conclusion, many households still have the behavior of disposing of leftover food waste due to excessive spending and providing excess amounts of food so that the food spoils and becomes trash. Suggestion, the importance of education for households in managing food so it does not spoil easily
