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Kata kunci:Pengelolaan, Rantai dingin vaksin, Gambaran.
This study aims to determine the description of Vaccine Cold Chain management inCakung Primary Health Care in 2018. The type of research used is qualitative with in-depth interview method. Analysis of the data in this study by triangulating the sourceswith various kinds of informants who have different background of main tasks andfunctions, and triangulation of methods by observing the implementation of vaccinestorage in the Puskesmas and reviewing documents. The results showed that in Inputvariables, SOP that used in the management of cold chain vaccines in Cakung DistrictHealth Centers were not updated in accordance with current policies, there were stillpeople who lacked discipline in managing cold chain vaccines, facilities andinfrastructure had not been met, temperature monitoring on holidays has not beencarried out by the logistics management officer. Therefore, the Cakung Primary HealthCare needs to review and update the applicable SOPs, holding regular monitoring of theimplementers of the vaccine logistics manager, meeting the necessary facilities andinfrastructure, creating a routine schedule for temperature monitoring on holidays.
Key words:Management, Cold Chain of Vaccine, Description.
Diphtheria is still a serious problem in several countries in the world. although diphtheria vaccination has been routinely carried out since the 70s, there are still reports of diphtheria outbreaks, especially in developing countries. According to WHO, in 2000, 30,000 cases were reported and 3,000 deaths from diphtheria in the world. One effort to control diphtheria is by strengthening the diphtheria surveillance system. Where diphtheria surveillance plays an important role to assess the impact and as an early vigilance system so that the diphtheria prevention can be carried out appropriately and quickly. A good surveillance system is needed to see the development of disease and minimize transmission of disease. For this reason, it is necessary to evaluate the diphtheria surveillance system in the Depok City Service area. This method uses a system approach consisting of input, process, and output. The data sources used are primary and secondary data obtained from in-depth interviews, observations, and document review. This research was conducted at the Depok City Health Office and two Puskesmas in the Depok City Area. Based on the results of the study, it was found that in the implementation of diphtheria surveillance there were several obstacles, namely the lack of health workers for surveillance at the Health Office and high workload at the Puskesmas. In addition, the accuracy and completeness of the reports are still not on time, and a diphtheria surveillance system is needed so that diphtheria surveillance works well.were collected by means of deep interview. The researcher suggests that library should improve the user education program and provide facilities which can help students to be information literate.
Kasus difteri yang meningkat setiap tahunnya di Kabupaten Sidoarjo merupakan masalah kesehatan yang serius. Difteri merupakan salah satu penyakit yang dapat dicegah melalui imunisasi namun dalam kurun tiga tahun tidak ada penurunan jumlah kasus. Hanya sedikit rumah sehat di Kabupaten Sidoarjo tahun 2010. Penelitian untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian difteri di Kabupaten Sidoarjo dengan desain case control. Dilaksanakan pada bulan April - Juni 2012 dengan menggunakan kuesioner, wawancara, observasi, dan pengukuran. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 124 responden dengan jumlah kasus sebanyak 31 dan jumlah kontrol sebanyak 93. Variabel yang diteliti adalah umur, jenis kelamin, pencahayaan alami, luas ventilasi rumah, kepadatan hunian, dinding rumah, lantai rumah, status imunisasi, status gizi, sumber penularan, mobilitas, pengetahuan, dan sikap ibu. Status gizi dan sikap ibu berhubungan dengan kejadian difteri. Variabel yang paling berpengaruh adalah sikap ibu (p value = 0,062 ; OR = 2,304). Variabel umur, jenis kelamin, pencahayaan alami, luas ventilasi rumah, dinding rumah, lantai rumah, status imunisasi, mobilitas tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian difteri. Disarankan kepada Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Sidoarjo untuk tetap meningkatkan cakupan imunisasi dasar, memberikan informasi kepada masyarakat untuk meningkatkan asupan gizi dan meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang difteri.
The diphtheria cases raised up in Sidoarjo District is a serious health problem. Diphtheria is a preventable disease through immunization, but in the past three years there was no decreasing number of cases. A few healthy home in Sidoarjo District in 2010. This study was to identify the related factors to diphtheria with case control design. It conducted in April - June 2012 by using questionnaire, interviews, observation, and measurement. Total sample was 124 respondents which number of case 31 respondents and number of control 93 respondents. Variables in this study were age, sex, natural lighting, ventilation wide, density residential, house wall, house floor, immunity status, nutritional status, transmission source, mobility, mother`s knowledge, and mother`s attitude. Nutritional status and mother`s attitude had related to diphtheria. The most influential variable was mother`s attitude (p value = 0,062 ; OR = 2,304). Variables age, sex, natural lighting, ventilation wide, house wall, house floor, immunity status, mobility had not relationship to diphtheria. It is suggested that Sidoarjo Health Office to increase basic immunization coverage, to inform the society to improve nutritional intake and to improve knowledge about diphtheria.
Penyakit difteri sudah jarang di temukan di Indonesia. Sebagaimana terlihat dari hasil Survei Kesehatan Rumah Tangga (SKRT) tahun 1986 dan 1992 sebagai penyebab kesakitan dan kematian pada bayi/balita menduduki peringkat 5 (9,4 %) dan 6 (3,3 %) di Jawa - Bali serta tahun 1995 peringkat ke 7 (2,1 %), namun dalam kurun waktu Oktober tahun 2000 sampai dengan Juli tahun 2001 penyakit ini menimbulkan kejadian luar biasa (KLB) pada beberapa Desa dan Kecamatan di Kabupaten Cianjur Jawa Barat.Dari data-data yang ada bahwa program imunisasi DPT di tempat KLB terjadi, berjalan dengan lancar bahkan Desa tersebut sudah mencapai status Universal Child Immunization (UCI). Sejalan dengan kontradiksi tersebut penulis terdorong untuk melakukan penelitian terhadap faktor-faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian difteri selain faktor imunisasi.Dari beberapa faktor tersebut penulis memfokuskan pada faktor kepadatan serumah karena cara penularan penyakit ini adalah dengan kontak langsung, kontak tidak langsung melalui benda, tangan, makanan dan minuman yang terkontaminasi. Disamping cara penularannya faktor-faktor lain tersebut juga berkorelasi positif terhadap hubungan kepadatan serumah dengan kejadian difteri. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 186 orang dengan jumlah kasus 93 orang dan kontrol 93 orang.Hasil dari penelitian ini didapat bahwa faktor kepadatan serumah berhubungan dengan kejadian difteri dan faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap hubungan tersebut adalah faktor kepadatan human kamar tidur, sumber pengeluaran, faktor pengeluaran keluarga, faktor status imunisasi dan faktor status gizi.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disarankan kepada Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Cianjur untuk tetap mempertahankan cakupan imunisasi yang tinggi secara terus menerus khususnya DPTIDT dan merata di semua Desa khususnya yang padat penghuninya. Alga disarankan kepada Puskesmas ditempat yang penduduknya padat untuk mengaktifkan pemberian makanan tambahan melalui Posyandu, upaya perbaikan gizi keluarga di Kecamatan dan melalui program pemberian makanan tambahan di sekolah. Kepada Pemerintah Kabupaten Cianjur disarankan untuk mengalokasikan dana Program Pengembangan Kecamatan (PPK) untuk pembangunan perumahan khususnya penduduk yang padat penghuninya.Daftar bacaan : 45 (1964 - 2041)
Relation between Crowded in House and Difteri on Outbreak Difteri in Cianjur District West Java year 2000 - 2001Difteri has been rarely found in Indonesia. As shown on the Survey result of household health (SKRT) in year 1986 and 1992, the disease are causes the death for baby and pre school, and having its ranks of 5`h (9,4 %) and 6`s (3,3 %) in Java - Bali also in the year of 1995 is the 7' ranks (2,1 %) out of Java - Bali. While in October 2000 until July 2001 there is created an out break affect in several Village and Sub District in Cianjur District West Java.From the existing datas, program of DPTlDT Immunization in out break place had happened is good and that Villages have get Universal Child Immunization (UCI) status. According to this contradictif the writer motivated to take the research about risk factor to relation with difteri occurred that difteri beside the immunization factors. From several factors, here with the Writer focus on crowded in house due to this disease is contamination of direct contact, contamination of indirect contact trough the body, arms, food and drinks.Besides the contamination, other factors are also correlation positive towards the crowded in house with difteri occurred. Total samples in these examination are 186 poeples with 93 person case group and 93 person control groups.Result of this research founded that crowded in house factors related with the difteri disease and another risk factor affected to that relation is : crowded in bedroom, contamination facts, family expenses, immunization status and nutrition status.Based on the result of this research, the writer suggested to the Govennent in Cianjur expected to alocated compensation load of oil and gas priority to do the Program Pengembangan Kecamatan (PPK) in the matter of houses construction especially in the crowded area. To Department of Health in Cianjur District to keep continiuosly the immunization of DPTIDT in all Villages which having a high population. Also suggested to Public Health Centre to increase service give meal supplement in Integreted Health Post (Posyandu) and by Upaya Perbaikan Gizi Keluarga (UPGK) programme at Sub District and by Pemberian Makanan Tambahan di Sekolah (PMTS) programme. It is also recommended to another researcher to investigate the relation crowded in house and difteri occurred by applying cohort design, it is expected that all information found in the research may help the stakeholders to implement the policies related to the recovery of difteri disease.Bibliography 45 (1964 - 2001)
