Anemia Gizi yang disebabkan karena kekurangan zat besi masih merupakan salah satu masalah gizi utama di Indonesia. Survai Kesehatan Rumah Tangga (SKRT) tahun 1995 menunjukkan bahwa 57,1% Remaja Putri (usia 10-14 tahun) dan 39,5% Wanita Usia Subur (WUS) menderita anemia. Hasil penelitian pada remaja putri di SMUN 3 Padang tahun 1999 juga menunjukkan angka anemia yang cukup tinggi yaitu 25,6%. Namun sejauh ini belum diketahui faktor-faktor apa yang berhubungan dengan terjadinya anemia atau rendahnya kadar hemoglobin pada siswi tersebut.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh gambaran asupan zat gizi terutama energi, protein, vitamin C, dan zat besi serta faktor lainnya yang berkaitan dengan kejadian anemia. Penelitian dilakukan pada siswi SMUN 3 Kota Padang Provinsi Sumatera Barat Desain penelitian adalah cross sectional. Pemilihan lokasi penelitian dilakukan secara purposive sampling sedangkan pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara systematic random sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 192 orang siswi.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan besarnya prevalensi anemia sebesar 29,2%. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara asupan zat gizi (energi,protein, zat besi) dengan kadar Hb siswi (p< 0,05). Faktor pendapatan per kapita berhubungan secara bermakna terhadap kadar Hb, sedangkan tingginya konsumsi bahan makanan penghambat absorbsi zat besi, rendahnya konsumsi bahan makanan peningkat absorbsi zat besi, pola haid yang lama, dan pendidikan ibu yang rendah menunjukkan persentase kejadian anemia yang lebih tinggi walaupun tidak bermakna secara uji statistik. Dan uji multivariat ditemukan 2 (dua) faktor yang berhubungan secara bermakna dengan kadar Hb yaitu asupan protein dan pendapatan per kapita keluarga. Asupan protein merupakan faktor dominan berhubungan dengan kadar Hb.Dari hasil penelitian disarankan kepada sekolah untuk mengembangkan program pencegahan dan penanggulangan anemia dengan pendidikan kesehatan dan gizi melalui diskusi peer group secara berkala, pengembangan materi KIE yang menarik sesuai dengan minat remaja, pengadaan dan pemberian tablet tambah darah bagi siswi pada saat haid, pemeriksaan Hb secara berkala, dan pemberian tablet tambah darah bagi yang anemia. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan bekerja sama dengan organisasi BP3,OSIS, Puskesmas/Dinas Kesehatan Kota Padang, Akademi Gizi Padang, dan Distributor obat.Perlu penelitian dengan ruang lingkup lebih luas untuk mengetahui besarnya permasalahan anemia gizi di Kota Padang, khususnya pada remaja putri sebagai calon ibu agar mutu SDM dapat lebih dioptimalkan.

Nutritional Anemia, and specifically iron deficiency anemia remains one of the most severe and important nutritional deficiencies in Indonesia to day. The household health survey (SKRT) conducted in 1995 showed that 57,1% of adolescent girls (10-14 years old) and 39,5% women of reproductive age (15-44 years old) suffered from anemia. The result of survey on adolescent school girls at SMUN 3 Padang in 1999, showed that prevalence of nutritional anemia among that girls was 25,6%. So far, the factors which are related to that problem not yet known. The potential consequences of anemia in adolescent girls may include fatigue, impaired physical performance, lowered endurance, reduced attention span, decreased school performance and leads to increased risk for morbidity and mortality among pregnant women.The objective of this study was to find out the description of nutrients intake (energy, protein, vitamin C, iron) and other factors related to hemoglobin concentration in adolescent school girls. The study has been done for adolescent school girls at SMUN 3 Padang, West Sumatera. Research designed was using cross sectional study and location of the study based on purposive sampling. Sampling used by systematic random sampling and sample size were 192 adolescent school girls.The results indicates that 29,2% of adolescent schoolgirls was suffered from anemia (Hb concentration < 12 g/dl) and nutrients intake (energy, protein, iron) had significant relation to concentration of hemoglobin of adolescent schoolgirls (p<0,05). The household income per capita also had statistically significant relation to concentration of hemoglobin, while high consumption of inhibitor factor of iron absorption, low consumption of enhancer factor of iron absorption, length of menstruation patterns, and low level of mother education had relation to concentration of hemoglobin but non significant by using statistics. Results of multivariate statistics showed that 2 (two) factors which are protein intake and household income per capita were related significantly with hemoglobin concentration. Protein intake was dominant factor related to hemoglobin concentration.According to the results of the study the author suggests to school to develop preventive and curative program through health and nutrition education with peer group discussion regularly, to develop the attractive material for IEC, to provide and gives iron supplementation to menstrual school girls, to assess hemoglobin concentration regularly, and gives iron supplementation to anemic girls. The activity can be done by teamwork with BP3 organization, OSIS, Public Health Center/Padang Health District, Academy of Nutrition, and Pharmacy Distributor.It needed a study with wide-scale to investigate the problem of nutritional anemia in Padang city, especially in adolescent girls as future mothers in order to make human resources optimalized.

Anemia gizi yang disebabkan karena kekurangan zat besi masih merupakan masalah gizi utama di Indonesia. SKRT tahun 1995 menunjukkan bahwa 50,9 % ibu hamil menderita anemia, sedangkan pada kehamilan trimester III angkanya sebesar 49,2 %. Hasil survey anemia gizi ibu hamil di kabupaten Donggala tahun 1996, juga menunjukkan angka anemia yang sangat tinggi, yaitu 92,12 %. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa anemia gizi ibu hamil masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang perlu mendapat perhatian serius.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pesan cakupan suplementasi tablet tambah darah (Fe3) ibu hamil dan faktor lainnya yang berhubungan dengan kadar Hb ibu hamil trimester III, yang nantinya dapat dijadikan masukan untuk perencanaan program penanggulangan anemia gizi ibu hamil. Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Donggala Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah, dan sebagai unit analisisnya adalah ibu hamil, yang usia kehamilannya _> 7 bulan pada saat penelitian dilakukan, baik pada wanita primigravida maupun multigravida.Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional, dan cara pengambilan sampelnya dilakukan dengan pendekatan metode multistage random sampling dengan jumlah sampelnya sebanyak 150 ibu hamil trimester III. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa 63,5 % ibu hamil trimester III di Kabupaten Donggala menderita anemia. Persentase anemia ini lebih tinggi pada daerah dengan cakupan suplementasi tablet tambah darah yang rendah (< 80 %) dibandingkan dengan daerah yang cakupan suplementasi tablet tambah darahnya tinggi (? 80 %).Hasil uji bivariate menunjukkan hubungan bermakna, antara cakupan suplementasi tablet tambah darah (Fe3) ibu hamil, konsumsi tablet tambah darah, tingkat pendidikan ibu, alat kontrasepsi hormonal dan ukuran LILA ibu dengan kadar Hb ibu hamil. Sedangkan variabel lain seperti : umur ibu, tingkat pengetahuan, status pekerjaan, usia kehamilan, dan jarak kehamilan, berbeda tapi tidak bermakna, dan variabel paritas tidak bermakna. Selain itu uji bivariate antara cakupan suplementasi tablet tambah darah dengan konsumsi tablet tambah darah menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna.Dari hasil uji analisis multivariate, terdapat tiga variabel yang berhubungan bermakna dengan kadar Hb ibu hamil, yaitu variabel konsumsi tablet tambah darah, tingkat pendidikan, dan ukuran lingkar lengan atas (LILA). Dari ketiga variabel tersebut, LILA merupakan variabel yang paling dominan.Karena masih rendahnya konsumsi tablet tambah darah, dimana faktor tersebut merupakan salah satu faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kadar Hb ibu hamil, maka perlu adanya upaya peningkatan KIE yang berkaitan dengan konsumsi tablet tambah darah. LILA ibu merupakan faktor yang dominan berhubungan dengan kadar Hb ibu hamil, oleh karena itu ukuran lingkar lengan atas ibu dapat dijadikan indikasi anemia. Dengan demikian upaya peningkatan KIE pada ibu yang LILA nya < 23,5 cm perlu dilakukan.Mengingat cakupan suplementasi tablet tambah darah berkaitan dengan konsumsi tablet tambah darah, sementara konsumsi tablet tambah darah berpengaruh terhadap kadar Hb ibu hamil, maka upaya peningkatan cakupan program suplementasi tablet tambah darah harus terus dilakukan, dengan penekanannya pada aspek monitoring program dan diupayakan agar tablet tambah darah diberikan lebih dini kepada ibu hamil.Daftar bacaan : 57 (1972 - 2001)

The Coverage Role of Iron Tablet Supplemental (Fe3) from Pregnant Mother and Other Factors to Mother's Hemoglobin (Hb) Content on the Third Trimesters in Donggala Regency, Central Sulawesi Province Year of 2001Nutritional anemia because of the iron deficiency is still became particular problem of nutrition in Indonesia. SKRT in the year of 1995, shown that of 50,9 percent of mother in pregnancy has suffered of anemia, whereas in pregnancy within the third trimester, it's figure amount of 49,2 percent. Data of survey reported that nutritional anemia of pregnant mother, 1996 in Donggala Regency as well that the number of anemia are very high, that is 92,12 percent. The matter, shown that nutritional anemia of pregnant mother is still remaining a problem seriously.This research has aim to identify the role of coverage of iron tablet supplemental (Fe3) from pregnant mother and other factor in relation to mother's Hb content on the third trimester, for the next it can be made an input for planning program of tackling to nutritional anemia of pregnant mother.The research conducted in Donggala Regency, Province of Central Sulawesi and as analysis unit is pregnant mother with pregnant aged of _> 7 months during research conducted of the both for women in first pregnancy (Primigravida) and multi pregnancy (Multigravida).Design research applied cross sectional and the ways of adopting the sample carried out by approaching multistage random sampling method withtotal of it's samples as many of 150 mother pregnancies on the third trimester. This results of research concluded that 63,5 percent of pregnant mother on the third trimester in Donggala Regency has anemia. This anemia percentage is higher at site with coverage of iron tablet supplemental is low (< 80 percent) than coverage's site of iron tablet supplemental is high (_> 80 percent).The result of bivariate test indicated that value a significant relation among coverage of iron tablet supplemental (Fe3) from pregnant mother, iron tablet consumption, education level of mother, hormone contraception device and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) of mother with Hb content of mother age, knowledge-level, occupation status, age of pregnancy, and range of pregnancy were different but no significant, and variable parity has no significant.From the result of multivariate consumption iron tablet supplemental, education Ievel and mid-upper arm circumference measurement (MUAC), from the three of those variables upper hand measurement is the most dominant variables.Due to the consumption for iron tablet supplemental is low remain that the related factor is one of influencing factor to Hb content of pregnant mother, therefore, attempts to increase KIE (Communication, Information and Education) that related with consumption of iron tablet supplemental is apparently needed. The mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) relating with Hb content of mother pregnant, as a result upper hand measurement of mother can be made anemia indication. Thus, attempts to increase KIE of mother whose mid-upper ann circumference (MUAC) measurement of < 23,5 cm is necessary followed up.Considering that coverage of iron tablet supplemental relating with iron tablet consumption while consume iron tablet impact to Hb content of pregnant mother attempts to increase coverage of iron tablet supplemental must be done continuity by stressing to aspect of monitoring program and attempted that iron tablet is earlier given to pregnant mother.References : 57 (1972 - 2001)