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Tesis ini bertujuan untuk melihat model persamaan struktural determinan stunting pada anak bawah dua tahun di Indonesia tahun 2010 dengan menggunakan data Riset Kesehatan Dasar tahun 2010. Tehnik analisis yang digunakan adalah Structural Equation Model Analysis. Determinan stunting yang memiliki jalur langsung stunting adalah indikator pola asuh (perilaku menyusui), asupan makanan (tablet besi pada ibu, vitamin A pada ibu dan anak) dan sosial ekonomi (lokasi tinggal, jumlah anggota keluarga, pengeluaran per kapita, pendidikan ibu dan rumah sehat). Variabel sosial ekonomi merupakan variabel yang memiliki hubungan statistic yang bermakna terhadap stunting. Disarankan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang nutrisi ibu sejak hamil. Untuk memperluas cakupan, peningkatan pengetahuan dapat dilakukan di posyandu yaitu pada meja 4. Saran lain adalah melakukan program peningkatan pendapatan rumah tangga, baik oleh pemerintah maupun kerjasama dengan LSM atau lembaga swasta terkait. . Kata Kunci : Stunting, Structural Equation Model, anak bawah dua tahun
The thesis is intended to see the structural equation model of determinant stunting of children under two years in Indonesia in 2010 by using data from “Riset Kesehatan Dasar” in 2010. Analysis technique that is used is Structural Equation Model Analysis. Determinants of stunting that has a direct path to the stunting is an indicator of care (breastfeeding), food intake (maternal iron tablets, vitamin A in mother and child) and the socio-economic indicators (location of residence, family size, expenditure per capita, maternal education and healthy house). Socio-economic variable is the only variable that is significantly different toward stunting. It is recommended to improve mother knowledge on nutrition from pregnancy period and to increase the coverage, it can be done through posyandu at table 4. Another suggestion is to create such income generating program. It could be done by government or partnering with NGO or related private institution as well. Key Words: Stunting, Structural Equation Model, children under two
Kata kunci : diare, kasus kontrol, anak-anak, faktor risiko
Diarrhea is still a public health problem that is serious enough inKarawang district. The incidence of diarrhea in this region is high in recent years.In 2012 , cases of diarrhea in Karawangdistrict in 2012 as many as 75 892 cases.This study aims to analyze the risk factors for diarrhea in Sedari Village ,District Cibuaya , Karawangdistrict . The design was a case-control study . Thecase is a mother of a child under 12 years of age suffering from diarrhea for thepast month and control the mother of children aged under 12 years in the villageof Sedari that does not suffer from diarrhea during the past month . The number ofsample cases are 29 respondents and controls are 116 respondents . The data usedare secondary data from assessment activities CSR Pertamina Village ProgramPatronage and FKM UI . Variable in this study is the number of family members ,maternal age , maternal education , clean water , latrines , and waste managementfamily. The results of the bivariate analysis showed a significant associationbetween maternal education with incidence of diarrhea ( p < 0.1 ) and Odds Ratio1.435 ( 95% CI 0.248 to 2.980 ) for the category of no school / no pass elementaryand Odds Ratio 0.552 ( 95 % CI 0.102 to 2.980 ) for the category of graduatingelementary / junior high school graduation. The conclusion of this study is themost dominant risk factor is maternal education.
Keywords : diarrhea, case-control, children, risk factors
Health program development needs support from government as well as society which includes a sufficient budget from private sector. The cost from private sector, mainly society’s budgeting has resulted in the biggest portion from the health expenses. The contribution from private sector and society is around 65 percent and the rest about 35 percent comes from public sector. From this 65 percentage, the majority of society is still using one mean of payment by paying for each service (fee for service), only 14 percent of the society is covered by health insurance. Prepaid payment sistem on the side of health provider either in hospitals and clinics (doctors) in the recommended state before certain treatment being given, one way is using Diagnosis Related Group’s (DRG’s). On the whole this study aims to get the descriptive picture as cost variation in making the DRG’s for Diarrhea/GastroEnteritis illness in Tangerang Public Hospital. The focus us on the diarrhea disease, since it is still one of the major disease for babbies and children in Indonesia. It is predicted that the number of these patients will be around 150-430 every 1000 people annually. According to WHO (1999), 12 millions children below the age of five all over the world died because of this disease. From the mortality rate, 70% died of ISPA (upper respiratory tract), diarrhea, malaria, measles, and malnutrition and oftentimes is the complication of all diseases. And also in Tangerang Public Hospital, diarrhea/GE cases between 2000 until 2004 ranked at number one of the the tenth most diseases in in-patient installation, Tangerang Public Hospital. The methode is quantitative, descriptive, using all patients as the population with the indication of diarrhea with or without difficulties and complications from January 2004 to December 2004. The sample is children. The data is taken from the medical record department and for the unit cost on dirrhea treatment is gathered from the accounting department and from other related departments in Tangerang Pubilc Hospital. The study reveals that LOS (length of stay) of diarrhea/GE with no complications is two days with the total cost Rp. 454.401, LOS (length of stay) of diarrhea/GE with complications is for days with the total cost Rp. 827.195. LOS (length of stay) of diarrhea/GE with difficulties is six days with the total cost Rp. 1.310.088, LOS (length of stay) of diarrhea/GE with complications and difficulties is for nine days with the total cost Rp. 1.727.192. So, the group of diarrhea disease/GastroEnteritis based on Tangerang Public Hospital’s DRG can be done, that is by grouping diarrhea disease, into MDC 6 with DRG G68A dan DRG G68B. Based on the results, it is recommended that the hospital should make a concise, clear diagnosis report before undergoing DRG’s and a complete DRG’s standard operating procedure. Indexing : 35 (1986 – 2005)
Acute gastroenteritis becomes health problem all over the world, because it is thecausal factor of high mortality and morbidity especially in children. Good and well-organized process of healthcare service will improve the outcome of the patients withacute gastroenteritis. Clinical pathway may be used as clear standard to improve thequality of health care, and also to reduce the length of hospital stay, hospital costs anddecrease the variability. Husada Hospital which implementing the clinical pathwayacute gastroenteritis in children as a quality control should really plan, organize,implement and evaluate clinical pathway systematically and continuously. Methodethat used for the research are quantitative approach with development of pre-clinicalpathways and evaluation of clinical pathways tools, and also indepth interview. Theaim of this research are to find out the inhibiting factors for implementation of clinicalpathways acute gastroenteritis which seen from input factors (human resources,funds, hospital policy, availability of drugs and medical equipments, also facilitiesand infrastructure); process factors which start from pre-preparation of clinicalpathways until the implementation phase; the output factors to look at theappropriateness of health services acute gastroenteritis in children with clinicalpathways in Husada Hospital. The result showed that the inhibiting factors from inputfactors are human resources, then process factors are the beginning of deciding on anICP to develop, and the output which there are no appropriatness in service healthwith acute gastroenteritis clinical pathways (e.g. visite doctors, using drugs andmedical equipments, laboratories, radiology that unnecessary)
