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Kata kunci: Obesitas, hipertensi, wanita, umur, Riskesdas 2013, Provinsi Jawa Timur
ABSTRAK Nama : Binti Khofifah Program studi : Epidemiologi Komunitas Judul Tesis : Hubungan Waist – Hip Ratio/ WHR (Rasio Lingkar Pinggang – Lingkar Pinggul) Terhadap Kejadian Disabilitas Pada Usia ≥ 45 Tahun di Indonesia (Analisis Data Indonesia Family Life Survey V Tahun 2014) Disabilitas ADLs dari tahun ke tahun meningkat, sehingga rasio ketergantungan lanjut usia juga meningkat setiap tahunnya. Pengukuran rasio lingkar pinggang – lingkar pinggul pada lanjut usia merupakan indikator yang tepat untuk mengukur tingkat kelebihan massa lemak. Hal itu berkaitan erat dengan berbagai penyakit kronis dan memungkinkan berkembang ke arah disabilitas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan rasio lingkar pinggang – lingkar pinggul dengan kejadian disabilitas pada usia ≥ 45 tahun. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional, dengan analisis data ROC (untuk mengetahui titik pototng disabilitas ADLs), Chi – Square dan Regresi Cox. Populasinya adalah seluruh seluruh populasi usia ≥ 45 tahun yang memenuhi kriteria pada IFLS V tahun 2015. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa PR disabilitas ADLs dan rasio lingkar pinggang – lingkar pingul adalah sebesar 2,7 setelah dikontrol variabel interaksi WHR dengan jenis kelamin, WHR dengan pekerjaan dan WHR dengan status merokok. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka disarankan selalu melakukan uji konfirmasi pengukuran rasio lingkar pinggang – lingkar pinggul khususnya pada usia ≥ 45 tahun teritama pada mereka yang tidak melakukan pekerjaan dan juga pada mereka yang merokok, sebab keduanya mempunyai interaksi sinergis dengan WHR yang akan meningkatkan disabilitas ADLs. Kata Kunci : disabilitas ADLs, IFLS V, rasio lingkar pinggang – lingkar pinggul, lanjut usia
ABSTRACK Name : Binti Khofifah Study Program : Community of Epidemiology Tittle : Relationship of Waist – Hip Ratio/ WHR with Disability at ≥ 45 years age in Indonesia (Data Analysis of Indonesia Family Life Survey V, 2014) ADLs disability have been increasing every year, so dependently ratio of oldests people increased too every years. Measurements of waist – hip ratio in oldest people are as the true indicator to identify at increased risk of accumulation of abdomial fat. It’s related with some chronical diseases and maybe can be developing into disability. Research objective is to analyze the relationship between waist hip ratio with ADLs disability in people with ≥ 45 age years. Research design is cross sectional, with data analysis with ROC (it’s to determine cut off point of ADLs disability), Chi – Square and Cox Regression Analysis. Population are all peoples with ≥ 45 age according criteria in IFLS V at 2014. The result showed that Prevalence Ratio ADLs disability with waist – hip ratio are 2,7 after controlled by interaction variable of gender by WHR, job by WHR, and smoking status by WHR. According the result to advices someone always have been measured waist – hip ratio especially for someone with ≥ 45 ages, and there are without activity but there are smoking, becouse the both have sinergic interaction with waist hip – ratio and increased ADLs disability. Keyword : ADLs disability, IFLS V, WHR, oldest – peoples
Energy and other nutrients need are increase during pregnancy, especially in the third trimester of pregnancy. Malnutrition is not just a lack of food but also a combination of several factors such as inadequate consumption of protein, energy and micronutrients, the presence of infectious diseases, inadequate health services, poor water and sanitation. Pregnant women with poor nutritional status will experience nutritional problems such as chronic energy deficiency (CED). Pregnant women who have a risk of CED are having mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) < 23.5 cm. Pregnant women who are at risk of CED are expected to have LBW babies. The purpose of this study was to determine the related factors of chronic energy deficiency risk on pregnant women in Indonesia. This study used a cross-sectional design using secondary data from basic health research in 2018. The sample of this study was 3,341 respondents of third trimester pregnant women. Data were analyzed using Cox Regression to determine the prevalence ratio (PR) the related factors of chronic energy deficiency with a Confident Interval (CI95%) to see significance. The prevalence of CED risk on pregnant women in Indonesia is 14.9%. The results of multivariat analysis showed that the related factors of CED risk were number of family members > 4 peoples ( PR 1.388; CI95% 1.1611.661), rural residance (PR 1.337; CI95% 1.111-1.608), multigravida (PR 0.604; CI95% 0.503-0.726) and grandemultigravida (PR 0.722; CI95% 0.515-1.011). It is recomendet that the goverment provide nutrition consultasy services at the public health center, counseling by midwives in village, limiting the number of children in the community started with labor and empowering communities especially in rural areas.
Di Indonesia, prevalensi KEK pada ibu hamil meningkat dari 16,9% pada tahun 2018 menjadi 17% pada tahun 2023. Padahal, dalam rangka menekan angka KEK pada ibu hamil, pemerintah Indonesia sejak tahun 2014 menerapkan program intervensi gizi bagi ibu hamil diantaranya mengimplementasikan pemberian makanan tambahan sesuai bahan pangan lokal, pemberian tablet TTD, dan kelas ibu hamil. Meskipun program gizi dan kesehatan ibu telah lama diimplementasikan di Indonesia, masalah KEK pada ibu hamil masih menjadi salah satu bentuk malnutrisi yang belum tertangani secara efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan risiiko KEK pada ibu hamil berdasarkan data SKI 2023. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional dengan sampel ibu hamil yang berada pada kehamilan trimester 3 dan menggunakan uji regresi logsitik sederhana untuk analisis bivariat. Dari 5.055 ibu hamil yang berhasil disurvey, terdapat 1.383 data yang eligible untuk digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian ini terdapat 153 (11,1%) ibu hamil dengan risiko KEK. Provinsi dengan kasus ibu hamil risiko KEK terbanyak di Indonesia adalah Jawa Tengah sebanyak 103 kasus (7,2%) sedangkan provinsi dengan kasus terendah adaalah Papua Pegunungan sebanyak 3 kasus (0,2%). Status sosial ekonomi keluarga terendah (OR 2,13; 95% CI 1,28 – 3,54), konsumsi buah ≤ 3 kali per bulan (OR 0,26; 95% CI 1,15 – 5,94), dan mengalami stres (OR 3,17; 95% CI 1,03 – 9,75) adalah faktor risiko yang berasosiasi dengan risiko KEK pada ibu hamil. Selain itu, faktor yang menunjukkan protektif terhadap risiko KEK pada ibu hamil adalah berumur > 35 tahun (OR 0,37; 95% CI 0,18 – 0,76). Oleh karena itu, program bantuan bagi keluarga ibu hamil miskin mampu mendukung pencegahan risiko KEK pada ibu hamil.
In Indonesia, the prevalence of CED among pregnant women increased from 16.9% in 2018 to 17% in 2023. In fact, in order to reduce the rate of CED in pregnant women, the Indonesian government since 2014 has implemented nutrition intervention programmes for pregnant women including implementing supplementary feeding according to local food ingredients, providing TTD tablets, and pregnant women's classes. Although nutrition and maternal health programmes have long been implemented in Indonesia, the problem of CED in pregnant women is still one of the forms of malnutrition that has not been effectively addressed. This study aims to determine the factors associated with the risk of CED in pregnant women based on SKI 2023 data. The design of this study was cross sectional with a sample of pregnant women who were in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy and used simple logistic regression test for bivariate analysis. Of the 5,055 pregnant women surveyed, 1,393 were eligible to be used in this study. The results of this study showed that there were 153 (11.1%) pregnant women at risk of CED. The province with the most cases of pregnant women at risk of CED in Indonesia was Central Java with 103 cases (7.2%) while the province with the lowest cases was Papua Mountains with 3 cases (0.2%). Lowest family socioeconomic status (OR 2.13; 95% CI 1.28 - 3.54), fruit consumption ≤ 3 times per month (OR 0.26; 95% CI 1.15 - 5.94), and experiencing stress (OR 3.17; 95% CI 1.03 - 9.75) were risk factors associated with the risk of CED in pregnant women. In addition, the factor that showed protective against the risk of CED in pregnant women was being > 35 years old (OR 0.37; 95% CI 0.18 - 0.76). Therefore, the assistance programme for families of poor pregnant women can support the prevention of the risk of CED in pregnant women.
