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Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic non-communicable diseases that become amajor cause of death in the population of women aged 45-54 years. This study aimsto determine the prevalence and risk factors of the occurance of diabetes mellitusbased on diagnosis and symptoms in adult women in Indonesia. This study used asecondary data Riskesdas 2007 with a cross-sectional design. Samples were adultwomen aged ≥ 18 years who are not pregnant, blood preasure was measured, and hasthe complete data. Results showed the prevalence of diabetes is based on thediagnosis and symptoms in adult women is 1.6%. The results of the bivariate analysisshowed there was a significant association (p value < 0,05) between age, educationlevel, employment status, marital status, physical activity, smoking, mentalemotional disorder, body mass index, central obesity, and hypertension with diabetesoccurance in adult women. Therefore, it is necessary to take prevention and earlydetection (screening) of the risk factors and blood sugar screening as early aspossible.Keywords: risk factors, diabetes mellitus, adult women, Indonesia, Riskesdas
Obesity is a process of abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that can harm a person's health. Obesity can be determined by measuring the body mass index (BMI), which is a person's body weight (in kilograms) divided by the square of their height (in meters). A person with a BMI of 25 or more is categorized as obese according of Asia Pacific obesity classification. Objective of this study was to determine the relationship of obesity to get incidence of disability in the elderly who has diabetes mellitus in Indonesia in 2018. Variables in this study were obesity, disability, age, sex, physical activity, stress, asthma, hypertension and heart disease. This study using secondary data from Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) 2018 with cross sectional design. The population of this study was the elderly who has diabetes mellitus (ever diagnosed by a doctor and or currently taking DM drugs). The minimum number of samples in this study was 1233 elderly respondents who has diabetes mellitus. This study was analyzed till the multivariate stage used of Logistic Regression. The results of this study found was a significant relationship between obesity to get incidence of disability in elderly who has diabetes mellitus in Indonesia in 2018 with a POR value of 2.509 (95% CI; 1.136 - 5,539). The meaning is, obese for elderly with an age range of 75-90 years have a 2,509 times chance compared to the non-obese elderly with an age range of 60-74 years. Increasing the achievement of program posbindu PTM, so that as early to find risk factors obesity to be prevented immediately.
Stroke merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kematian di Indonesia. Individu dengan diabetes mellitus tipe 2 memiliki risiko lebih tinggi untuk mengalami stroke dibandingkan populasi umum. Namun, penelitian terkait faktor-faktor kejadian stroke pada penderita diabetes mellitus tipe 2 di Indonesia masih terbatas dan umumnya dilakukan di tingkat rumah sakit, sehingga cakupan populasinya kecil dan tidak merepresentasikan kondisi secara nasional. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran faktor kejadian stroke pada penderita diabetes mellitus tipe 2 di Indonesia. Data berasal dari Survei Kesehatan Indonesia 2023 dengan menggunakan desain studi potong lintang. Responden terdiri dari 17.186 penderita diabetes mellitus tipe 2 di Indonesia. Analisis menggunakan uji kai kuadrat untuk jenis data kategorik dan uji-t independent untuk jenis data numerik berdistribusi normal/Mann Whitney untuk jenis data numerik yang tidak berdistribusi normal. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa prevalensi kejadian stroke pada penderita diabetes mellitus tipe 2 di Indonesia sebesar 4,5%. Hasil penelitian juga menemukan asosiasi perbedaan proporsi antara beberapa faktor secara individual terhadap kejadian stroke. Pada faktor sosiodemografi, usia ≥ 55 Tahun (POR: 1,768; 95% CI: 1,378 – 2,267), jenis kelamin laki-laki (POR: 1,475; 95% CI: 1,179 – 1,845), tingkat pendidikan rendah (POR: 0,556; 95% CI: 0,416 – 0,743), dan wilayah tempat tinggal di perdesaan (POR: 0,748; 95% CI: 0,576 – 0,972); faktor metabolik, kadar tekanan darah tinggi (hipertensi) (POR: 1,549; 95% CI: 1,203 – 1,995); faktor klinis, usia pertama kali didiagnosis DM ≤ 43 tahun (POR: 0,514; 95% CI: 0,358 – 0,736) dan lama menderita DM 5 – 9 Tahun (POR: 1,363; 95% CI: 1,037 – 1,791) dan ≥ 10 Tahun (POR: 1,322; 95% CI: 1,009 – 1,731); dan faktor perilaku, konsumsi makanan berisiko (POR: 0,603; 95% CI: 0,462 – 0,787) menunjukkan perbedaan proporsi yang berarti antara masing masing faktor terhadap kejadian stroke. Diharapkan pemangku kebijakan dapat mempertimbangkan faktor-faktor tersebut untuk menerapkan kebijakan atau program yang dapat menurunkan prevalensi kejadian stroke pada penderita diabetes mellitus tipe 2 di Indonesia.
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death in Indonesia. Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus are at a higher risk of experiencing stroke compared to the general population. However, research on stroke risk factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Indonesia remains limited and mostly on hospital-based, resulting in a small population scope that does not represent the national condition. Therefore, this study aims to examine the factors associated with stroke among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients using data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey with a cross-sectional design, involving 17,186 respondents. The analysis used the chi-square test for categorical data and the independent t-test for numerical data with a normal distribution, or the Mann-Whitney test for numerical data that are not normally distributed. This study found that the prevalence of stroke among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Indonesia was 4.5%. The results also showed differences in proportions between several single factors and the occurrence of stroke: sociodemographic factors such as age ≥ 55 years (POR: 1,768; 95% CI: 1,378 – 2,267), male (POR: 1,475; 95% CI: 1,179 – 1,845), low education level (POR: 0,556; 95% CI: 0,416 – 0,743), and residing in rural areas (POR: 0,748; 95% CI: 0,576 – 0,972); metabolic factor was high blood pressure (POR: 1,549; 95% CI: 1,203 – 1,995); clinical factors such as being diagnosed with diabetes at ≤ 43 years old (POR: 0,514; 95% CI: 0,358 – 0,736) and diabetes duration of 5 – 9 years (POR: 1,363; 95% CI: 1,037 – 1,791) and ≥ 10 years (POR: 1,322; 95% CI: 1,009 – 1,731); and behavioral factor was consumption of high-risk foods (POR: 0,603; 95% CI: 0,462 – 0,787). These findings highlight the need for policymakers to consider these factors in developing strategies and programs to reduce the prevalence of stroke among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Indonesia.
