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Factors Related to the Status of Excess of Nutrition on Adults in Bogor in 1997 (Analysis of Secondary Data)The success on health and nutrition development program carried out has been able to decrease nutritious problem that is faced by Indonesian significantly. However, the development also results in changing disease pattern that exists in Indonesia. Infectious disease and malnutrition seems decreased, on the contrary the generative and cancer diseases increased. The increasing of prosperity is followed by the changing of life style. The pattern of having food especially in the big cities moves from a traditional food pattern that consumes a lot of carbohydrate, vegetables and fiber into having a western food pattern that consumes a lot of fat, protein, sugar and salt but consumes less fiber. As consequences, the increase of over weight prevalent value can be seen in recent years in many part of Indonesia, especially in the big cities and also followed by the villages recently.
Birthweight is an important indicator for the health of newborns, because it reflects the nutritional and metabolic conditions of the mother, as well as the development of the fetus during pregnancy. Babies born with low birth weight have short-term and long-term health consequences. Cut off LBW 2500 grams related to infant morbidity and mortality. However, recent studies have shown that babies born weighing
Latar belakang: Hampir tidak adanya perubahan jumlah kejadian bayi berat lahir rendah selama empat tahun terakhir merupakan suatu masalah besar, sehingga dapat berkontribusi terhadap angka kematian dan angka kesakitan bayi. Metod: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kasus kontrol, untuk melihat hubungan status anemia trimester I, II, dan selama hamil sebagai variabel utama dengan kejadian bayi berat lahir rendah setelah dikendalikan dengan umur ibu, paritas, jarak kehamilan, tinggi badan, penambahan berat badan, lingkar lengan atas, kunjungan ke palayanan kesehatan. Dari 84,98 % data register kohort ibu yang valid dibagi menjadi dUa bagian. Pertama adalah ibu yang melahirkan aterm dengan bayi lahir berat badan rendah yang dikelompokkan menjadi kasus dan kedua ibu yang melahirkan aterm dengan bayi berat badan lahir normal yang dikategorikan kelompok kontrol. Untuk kelompok kasus semua ibu yang melahirkan aterm dengan bayi berat lahir rendah tahun 2006 dan 2007 diambil sedangkan tahun 2005 dilakukan random kasus hingga memenuhi 96 kasus. Untuk kelompok kontrol dibuat kerangka sampel, dari kerangka sampel ini kemudian diambil sampel secara random, sesuai dengan tempat dan waktu dimana kasus ditemukan hingga jumlahnya 96 kontrol. Sehingga total sampel penelitian berjumlah 192 sampel. Analisis multivariat menggunakan uji regresi logistik ganda dengan interaksi antara anemia dan lingkar lengan atas ibu hamil. Hasil: Ibu hamil yang anemia trimester I dan lingkar lengan atas kurang 23,5 cm berisiko 13,57 (95 % CI: 2,74-67,20) melahirkan bayi berat lahir rendah dibandingkan dengan ibu hamil yang tidak anamia dan lingkar lengan atasnya lebih dari 23,5 cm dengan nilai p =0,001; Ibu hamil yang anemia trimester III dan lingkar lengan atas kurang 23,5 cm berisiko 7,44 (95% CI : 1,94-28,62) melahirkan bayi berat lahir rendah dibandingkan dengan ibu hamil yang tidak anemia dan lingkar lengan atas lebih dari 23,5 cm dengan nilai p =0,003; Ibu hamil yang anemia selama kehamilannya (trimester I dan III) dan lingkar dengan atas kurang 23,5 cm berisiko 9,97 (95% CI: 1,81·54,79) melahirkan bayi berat lahir rendah di dibandingkan dengan ibu yang tidak anemia dan lingkar lengan atas lebih dari 23,5 cm dengan niai p = 0,008. Kesimpulan: ibu barnil yang mengalarni status goo kurang (anemia dan lingkar lengan a!aS kurang 23,5 em) memperbesar risiko kejadian baY; berat 1abir rendah di Kola Jambi taboo 2005·2001.
Background: Next to nothing is change sum up heavy baby occurrence born to lower during four the last year represent an big problem, so that earn bave contribution to mortality and number of baby painfulness. Design: This research use design case control, to see relation of status of anemia of trimester I, II, and during pregnancy as especial variable with heavy baby occurrence born to lower after controlled with mother age, parity. apart pregnancy, high of body, heavy addition of body, circle arm to the, visit to health service. From 84,98 % data of divided to valid register cohort mother become two shares. Mother bearing a term with baby born bady weight lower grouped to become case and second mother hearing a term with heavy baby of body born normal is which group control. For the case group of all mother bearing a term with heavy baby born to lower year 2006 and 2007 taken by 2005 done by random case till fulfill 96 case. For the group control made by framework sample, from this framework sample later; then be taken by sample in random as according 10 place and time of where case found till sum up 96 control. So that totalize sample research amount to 192 sample. Analysis multivariate use test of regression logistics duplicate with interaction of between anemia and arm circumference to the pregnant mother. Results: Pregnancy woman which anemia of trimester I and arm circumference to the less 23,5 cm risk 13,57 (95 % CI: 2,74-67,20) bearing heavy baby born to lower compared to by a pregnancy mother which the anemia do not and the arm circumference to the more than 23,5 cm with p value = 0,001; Pregnancy mother which anemia of trimester III and arm circumference to the less 23,5 cm risk 7,44 (95% CI: 1,94-28,62) bearing heavy baby born to lower compared to by a pregnancy mother which the anemia do not and the arm circumference to the more than 23,5 cm with p value=0,003; Pregnancy mother which anemia of during his pregnancy (trimester I and III) and the arm circumference to the less 23,5 cm risk 9,97 (95% CI: 1,81-54,79) bearing heavy baby born 10 lower in compared to by a mother which the anemia do not and the ann circumference to the more than 23,5 cm with p value= O,008 aras pregnant mother. Conclusion: Pregnancy woman experiencing of status gizi less (anemia and arm circumference to the less 23,5 cm) enlarging risk of heavy baby occurrence born to lower in Kota Jambi Year 2005-2007.
Tuberkulosis merupakan penyakit yang penting untuk ditangani. Penemuan penyakit ini pada anak usia balita (0 - 60 bulan) merupakan hal yang sulit, Pemaparannya pada anak dilihat melalui status mantouxnya. Permasalahan seringkali muncul tanpa disadari pada saat infeksi primer berubah menjadi bentuk klinis melalui kuman yang tidur (dormant} dalam tubuh. Untuk itu, penanganan perlu dilakukan dengan memperhatikan segala potensi risiko yang ada, termasuk risiko penularan melalui kondisi fisik rumah (pencahayaan, kelembaban, ventilasi, kepadatan penghuni rumah).Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dengan desain cross sectional, berlokasi di wilayah Puskesmas Cimahi Tengah, Cicalengka dan Baleendah Kabupaten Bandung. Populasi penelitian berjumlah 217 orang anak usia balita yang tinggal serumah dengan penderita TB paru BTA (+). Sampel diperoleh dengan cara random sederhana sebanyak 160 orang.Balita sebanyak 68,1% mempunyai status mantoux positif, mereka sebagian besar adalah pria (50,6%) dan berumur 12-60 bulan (85%). Kondisi lingkungan fisik rumah berupa kelembaban, pencahayaan dan ventilasi tidak berhubungan dengan status mantoux (p>0,05). Variabel kovariat berupa variabel demografi (umur, jenis kelamin), respon individu (status gizi dan BCG, perilaku meludah, tidur, minum obat dan menjemar peralatan tidur) juga tidak berhubungan (p>0,45). Kepadatan penghuni sebagai salah satu variabel utama berhubungan bermakna dengan status mantoux. Demikian pula dengan variabel perilaku menutup batuk, pengetahuan tentang obat TBC dan pengetahuan tentang menghentikan pengobatan (p<0,05). Hasil analisis interaksi menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada variabel interaksi yang bermakna.Kesimpulan utama memperlihatkan bahwa dari empat variabel utama mengenai kondisi fisik rumah, hanya variabel kepadatan penghuni yang berhubungan bermakna dengan status mantoux balita (p=0,005, OR=3,2). Hal ini diduga dipengaruhi oleh perilaku menutup batuk (p=0,007, OR-3,3), pengetahuan tentang obat TBC (p=0,009, OR=3,5) dan pengetahuan tentang menghentikan pengobatan (p=0,029, OR=2,7).Disarankan balita menjadi bagian dari sasaran program TB paru. Penanganan bisa dimulai dari penyediaan informasi balita berisiko, pemetaan, pembuatan pojok TB di Puskesmas dan konseling pada penderita, dan memodifikasi KMS. Penelitian lain yang serupa perlu dikembangkan dengan memperhatikan keterbatasan yang ada pada penelitian ini.Daftar bacaan : 50 (1972 - 2001)
Relation of Housing Physical Environmental Factor with Mantoux Status to The Children below 5 Years of Age in Bandung Regency in 2001Tuberculosis is a critical disease to be handled urgently. To know early this disease at children below 5 years of age (0-60 months) is quiet difficult. Its expose to the children can be seen through its mantoux status. The problem frequently appears without knowing at primary infection changing into clinical form by dormant germ in body. Therefore, the handling is necessarily done with caring any available risky factor, including epidemical risk by housing physical condition (lighting, humidity, ventilation, housing occupant population).This research uses secondary data with cross sectional design, located in Puskesmas Cimahi Tengah area, Cicalengka and Baleendah, Bandung regency. Research population is amounted 217 children below 5 years of age who lived at the same house with TB lungs BTA (+) sufferer. The samples are obtained with simple random methodology effected by 160 persons.68,1% children below 5 years of age posses positive mantoux status, most of them are male (50.60%) and age is 12-60 months (85%). Housing physical environmental condition which has a humidity, lighting and ventilation doesn't relate with mantoux status (p>0,05). Covariate variable is a demography variable (age, sex), individual response (nutrious status and BCG, spitting behaviour, sleeping, drinking medicine and surbathing bed tools) also not to correlate with (p>0.05). Inhabitant population is one of mail variable of significant correlation mantoux status. Furthermore it is the same as behaviour variable closes the cough, the knowledge concerning TBC medicine and how to stop the treatment (p<0.05). Interaction analysis result proved that there was no significant interaction variable.The main conclusion showed that from 4 (four) main variables concerning physical house condition, it is only urbant population variable which related significantly with children below 5 years of age mantoux status (p-0.006, OR=3.2). It is probably influenced by the behaviour not to close the cough (p=0,007, OR=3.3), the knowledge about TBC (p =0.009, OR=3 .5) and how to the treatment (p= 0.029, OR=2.7).We are recommended that the children below 5 years of age become a part of lungs TB program target. The handling can be begun from information providing for the risked children below 5 years of age, mapping, building up TB corner at Puskesmas and conseling to the sufferer and modificating KMS (health card).. Another research which is familiar needs to be developed with caring available limitation on this research.Reference list : 50 (1972 - 2001)
