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Kata kunci :ISO 31000, penilaian risiko, kemungkinan, pemajanan, konsekuensi, tingkatrisiko
SMEs workers are exposed to significant risk due to improper implementation atrisk management. This study aimed to evaluate the risk level at two tekstile SMEsby using risk assessment method developed by W.T Fine. It was found that veryhigh risk was associated with safety hazard (electricity) ; ergonomic hazard(handling) ; chemical hazard (fume exposure). Priority 1 risk was associated withmechanical hazard (seewing) ; physical hazard (temperature). Substantial risk wasassociated with chemical hazard (dust ; solvent) ; gravity hazard (struck down)physical hazard (lightning exposure). Priority 3 was associated with safety hazard(work area) ; work organization hazard (work stress). Acceptable risk wasassociated with mechanical hazard (scissoring ; ironing) ; physical hazard (gastube).
Key word :ISO 31000, risk assessment, probability, exposure, consequences, risk level.
Kata Kunci:Kemungkinan, Konsekuensi, Manajemen Risiko, Pajanan, Tingkat Risiko, UMKM
Occupational health and safety issues at SMEs were caused by lack of riskmanagement. The purpose of this study was to assess level of OHS risk at five (5)of metal-based workshop at Gunung Sari Village, Bogor, 2016. W.T Fine methodwas used for analyzing the risk level by scoring the level of consequence,exposure, and likelihood of each risk. The results showed that ergonomics andchemical hazard were categorised as very high risk level.
Keywords:Consequence, Exposure, Likelihood, Risk management, SME, Risk Level
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) estimates that in year 2020 the rate of new cancer cases will increase up to 300% to an estimated 27 million people with 17 million estimated to die. At that time, there will be approximately 75 million people in the world who suffer from cancer where 70% of the cancer patients will be from developing countries. With the increasing amount of cancer patients throughout the world, the usage of radiotherapy will also increase. In reality, although the process has been very tightly controlled and supervised, accidents caused by an overdose of radiation exposure still occurs. From a number of radiation accidents, it has been found that the cause is not only due to technical factors, but that planning and administration also plays a role. This factor will be magnified with the increasing work load the radiotherapy operators have to handle with the total patients exceeding the capacity of the available equipment. The purpose of this research is to develop a work health and safety program at XYZ hospital, not only for the safety of the radiation technicians (occupational exposure) and public safety (public exposure) but also and especially for the patients safety (medical exposure). The development of the program is done by identifying all the dangers as well as conducting a risk analysis on each step of the process of providing radiotherapy services. To get an overall picture of the implementation of the health management and safety system, the evaluation is made against the OHSAS 1800:2007 and the IAEA Safety Requirement GS-R-3. Based on the risk analysis and the "gap" analysis with OHSAS 18002:2007 and the IAEA GS-R-3, to reduce the risks identified, the risk management recommendations made are more for the procedural management as well as the continuous development of the manpower competency.
Berdasarkan estimasi dari International Agancy for Research on Cancer (IARC) diperkirakan pada tahun 2020, kasus baru penyakit kanker akan meningkat hingga mencapai 300% yaitu sekitar 27 juta penderita dengan jumlah kematian sekitar 17 juta jiwa. Pada saat itu didunia akan terdapat sekitar 75 juta orang yang menderita penyakit kanker dimana 70 % dari penderita kanker tersebut akan terjadi dinegara yang sedang berkembang. Dengan meningkatnya jumlah penderita kanker diseluruh dunia maka jumlah pemanfaatan terapi radiasi juga semakin meningkat. Tapi kenyataannya, walaupun pengendalian dan pengawasan telah dilakukan dengan sangat ketat, kecelakaan yang disebabkan oleh paparan radiasi disebabkan dosis yang berlebih terhadap pasien masih tetap saja terjadi. Dari beberapa kasus kecelakaan radiasi, faktor penyebabnya tidak saja desebabkan oleh faktor teknis, faktor perencanaan maupun administrasi juga mempunyai peran. Faktor ini akan bertambah lagi dengan beban kerja operator radioterapi dalam menangani pasien yang jumlahnya melebihi kapasitas peralatan yang ada. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan suatu program kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja di RS XYZ tidak saja untuk keselamatan pekerja radiasi (occupational exposure), keselamatan publik (public exposure) tetapi juga yang terutama untuk keselamatan pasien (medical exposure). Pengembangan program tadi dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi seluruh bahaya yang ada dalam proses pelayanan radioterapi beserta kajian risiko untuk mengetahui level bahaya dari setiap tahap kegiatan. Evaluasi sistem yang ada juga dilakukan terhadap standar OHSAS 18001:2007 maupun IAEA Safety Requirement GS-R-3 untuk mendapatkan gambaran secara menyeluruh dari penerapan sistem manajemen kehatan dan keselamatan kerja. Dari hasil analisa Risiko dan hasil evaluasi OHSAS 18001:2007 dan Standard IAEA GS-3-R, dalam hal mengurangi risiko radiasi yang telah diidentifikasi, maka usulan pengendalian risiko lebih banyak diusulkan pada pengendalian secara prosedural disertai pengembangan kompetensi sumber daya manusia secara terus menerus.
The petrochemical industry is a high-risk sector for fire and explosion hazards due to the involvement of flammable and toxic substances, as well as operating conditions at high temperatures and pressures. This study is a semi-quantitative descriptive research aimed at classifying hazardous areas in the production process based on the API RP 500 standard and determining the level of fire and explosion risk in the ammonia gas production process using the Dow’s Fire and Explosion Index (DF&EI) method. The methodological approach includes the identification of hazardous chemicals, hazard level assessment using DF&EI, analysis of loss estimation and exposure radius, and assessment of ammonia gas dispersion and process explosion using the ALOHA software. The analysis results show that Plant 1A has a DF&EI index categorized as severe, with an exposure radius of 223.78 meters and an actual MPPD of IDR 154 billion in the ammonia converter unit, and categorized as light, with an exposure radius of 45.78 meters and an actual MPPD of IDR 47 billion in the urea reactor unit. The hazardous area classification indicates the presence of Class I, Division 2 classified zones in several parts of the production process close to the ammonia vapor and natural gas release sources. The worst-case scenario shows a significant impact due to an explosion from the ammonia converter unit with a blast radius of up to 269 meters causing window glass breakage, and ammonia gas dispersion from the urea reactor spreading up to 10 kilometers, potentially causing respiratory issues.
