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Alokasi pembiayaan kesehatan di Indonesia termasuk kecil jika dibandingkan dengan negara-negara lain di Asia. Keadaan ini diperberat lagi dengan adanya krisis ekonomi berkepanjangan yang menyebabkan makin tingginya beban pemerintah. Hal ini mendorong upaya mobilisasi dana masyarakat dan swasta terutama melalui sistem asuransi kesehatan dalam upaya pengendalian biaya kesehatan.PT. ASKES Indonesia sebagai salah satu pelaku dalam jasa perasuransian di Indonesia saat ini tidak lagi hanya menyediakan paket layanan bagi PNS, pensiunan ABRI beserta keluarga, namun juga bagi karyawan BUMN dan Swasta.Penelitian ini merupakan survei analitik dengan desain cross sectional yang mencoba menggambarkan dan menganalisa faktor-faktor yang diduga berhubungan dengan demand perusahaan terhadap asuransi kesehatan komersial PT. ASKES Indonesia di Wilayah Jakarta Pusat tahun 200l yang diasumsikan dapat diwakili oleh pengambil keputusan dalam perusahaan. Dari 32 perusahaan yang menjadi target pemasaran PT. ASKES pada tahun 2001, sebanyak 7 perusahaan (21.9%) ada demand atau membeli produk yang ditawarkan sedangkan 25 perusahaan (78.1%) tidak ada demand atau tidak membeli produk yang ditawarkan.Adapun faktor-faktor yang secara statistik menunjukkan ada hubungan yang bermakna dengan demand pengambil keputusan perusahaan terhadap asuransi kesehatan komersial PT. ASKES yaitu paket jaminan, pelayanan dan karakteristik perusahaan. Dan uji multivariat diperoleh variabel paket jaminan sebagai variabel yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan demand pengambil keputusan perusahaan terhadap asuransi kesehatan yang ditawarkan PT. ASKES pada tahun 2001.Variabel-variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini masih sangat terbatas sehingga disarankan bagi peneliti lain untuk melakukan penelitian sejenis menggunakan variabel bebas lain untuk dapat menghasilkan model demand kelompok terhadap asuransi kesehatan yang lebih mendekati kesempurnaan.
Fund allocation for health sector in Indonesia is relatively low compared to other countries in Asia region. This condition even worse due to the long economic crisis whereby government's burden more multifaceted. This situation has also encouraged mobilizing public and private funds especially through health insurance's system as well as control the health expenditure.PT. ASKES Indonesia as a player in insurance services in Indonesia provides not only benefit package for the government employee, retired armies and their family, but also for BUMN and private company employees.This research is an analytical survey with cross sectional design aimed to describe and to analyze the factors related to demand for commercial health insurance from PT. ASKES Indonesia, using unit analysis company's decision makers in Central Jakarta.Out of 32 companies that become marketing's target of PT. ASKES in year 2001, 7 company's decision makers (21.9%) demanded or they bought the product offered, whereas 25 decision makers (78.1%) have no demand or they didn't buy the product.The result of statistical analysis showed that the company's characteristics, services and benefit are the independent variables that have significant relation with demand for health insurance. From multivariate analysis, benefit package is the most dominant factor in relation to the demand of health insurance offered by PT. ASKES in year 2001.Variables used in this research are still limited; it is suggested for the other researchers to perform such research using other independent variable to answer what are other factors that may influence demand for health insurance package.
Dalam rangka mempertahankan status kesehatan masyarakat selama krisis ekonomi, upaya kesehatan diprioritaskan untuk mengatasi dampak krisis. Perhatian khusus diberikan kepada kelompok beresiko dari keluarga miskin agar kesehatannya tidak memburuk dan tetap hidup produktif, melalui pemberian Kartu Sehat. Meskipun program ini telah berjalan di Kabupaten Karawang sejak tahun 1998, tetapi pemanfaatannya masih rendah (52,4%).Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran pemanfaatan rawat jalan puskesmas serta faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemanfaatan rawat jalan puskesmas oleh pemegang Kartu Sehat JPSBK di Kabupaten Karawang.Rancangan penelitian ini adalah rancangan cross sectional untuk mengetahui hubungan pendidikan, umur, pengetahuan, jumlah keluarga, pola pencarian pelayanan kesehatan, kejadian sakit, jumlah balita, jumlah usila, jarak dan persepsi terhadap pelayanan kesehatan dengan pemanfaatan rawat jalan puskesmas oleh pemegang Kartu Sehat. Sebagai responden adalah kepala keluarga pemegang kartu sehat JPSBK di empat puskesmas di wilayah kabupaten karawang berjumlah 382 responden yang dipilih secara acak.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor pendidikan, umur, pengetahuan, pola pencarian pelayanan kesehatan, kejadian sakit, jumlah usila, persepsi terhadap pelayanan kesehatan serta jarak berhubungan dengan pemanfaatan rawat jalan puskesmas. Sebanyak 52,4% dari responden pernah memanfaatkan kartu sehatnya.Dari delapan faktor yang berhubungan, faktor pola pencarian pelayanan kesehatan adalah faktor yang mempunyai hubungan paling erat dengan OR 35,613 (CI 9.601- 132,093).Agar pemanfaatan kartu sehat bisa lebih baik lagi, perlu peningkatan kerja sama lintas sektoral dalam melaksanakan sosialisasi program ini, bekerjasama dengan Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat serta meningkatkan pelayanan puskesmas dan kunjungan rumah terhadap pemegang kartu sehat.
Analysis on Primary Health Care Out-patient by Health of Card Holder Social Protection Sector Development Program (SPSDP) in Karawang District Year 2001To maintain community health status during economic crisis, health services should be prioritized to encounter the impact. A great concern is dedicated for risky group poor family to maintain their health condition and productive life.This research aimed to find out the characteristic of health card holder, description of outpatient services use as well as its determinants.The research used a cross sectional design to find out the relationship of education, age, knowledge, the number of family, health seeking pattern, morbidity case, number of family member under five, number of elderly, the distance and perception on health services use by health card holders.Respondents are head of households who owned health card (Social Protection Sector Development Program) at four Primary Health Center (PHC) in Karawang District. Simple random sampling is the method to select 330 respondents.The result revealed that education, age, knowledge, health seeking pattern, morbidity case, number of elderly, the distance and perception of health services are related with PHC's out patient use. The study showed that 52, 4% respondents have used their health card.Health seeking pattern factor has had close relationship where the OR was 35,613 (CI 9,601- 132,093). Health card use will be much better and successfully achieved if inter sectoral could be strengthen, cooperation, as well as relationship with non government organization along with special emphasis on improving PHC's services as well.
Analysis of Accounts Payable Management System of Pasar Rebo District Hospital's In-Patient Department in the Year 2001Hospital is one of health services that are required to provide good quality of services within affordable price for the society. A hospital is an enterprise with characteristics of dynamic, technological based, large capital investment and requires a considerable amount of personnel, and multidiscipline. In addition, the enterprise is also highly interactive with its environment, which in result requires a highly complex management. Financial management is an essential component of hospital management and if it is properly managed will significantly contribute to the development of the hospital, with the specific focus on the effort to increase the functional income of the hospital. This increase will in turn recovers the operational and investment cost (cost recovery).
Tarif pelayanan persalinan di Puskesmas Cimanggis Kota Depok yang berlaku saat ini adalah Rp. 75.000,0. Tarif ini sudah tidak sesuai lagi dengan kebutuhan operasional kamar bersalin di Puskesmas di mana Puskesmas harus melaksanakan tugas dan fungsinya sebagai tempat pertolongan persalinan yang bermutu dengan tidak hanya selalu bergantung kepada subsidi Pemerintah.Dengan penyesuaian tarif diharapkan terwujud maksimalisasi pelayanan, karena tarif yang sesuai dengan kemampuan membayar masyarakat akan meningkatkan utilisasi. Penyesuaian tarif dilakukan melalui analisa tarif yang berdasarkan biaya satuan pelayanan persalinan ,tingkat pengembalian biaya, tingkat kemampuan (ability to pay ATP) dan kebijakan tarif dan tarif pesaing yang setara.Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus yang dilakukan di unit kamar bersalin Puskesmas Cimanggis Kota Depok, yaitu menganalisa biaya dengan menggunakan data tahun 2000 dan menggunakan metode double distribution. Adapun untuk menilai tingkat kemampuan dan kemauan masyarakat membayar yaitu dengan mengolah data hasil survei terhadap masyarakat Kabupaten Bogor. Kemampuan masyarakat menurut ATP adalah : 92 % masyarakat mampu membayar Rp 72.000,0 ; 72% masyarakat mampu membayar Rp 270.000,0.; 50% masyarakat mampu membayar Rp.504.000,00.Dari hasil analisa biaya kamar bersalin, didapatkan biaya satuan aktual Rp.585.593,00 dan biaya satuan normative Rp.524.626,00 Tarif pertolongan persalinan yang akan disarankan adalah Rp. 270.000,0. Saran perubahan tarif tersebut disambut baik oleh kepala Dinas Kesehatan Kota Depok serta Kepala Puskesmas Cimanggis, selanjutnya akan diusulkan ke Pemda untuk diproses lebih lanjut.Daftar Pustaka : 21 (1996 - 2001)
A Case Study of Birth Delivery Rational Price Analysis at Puskesmas Cimanggis, City of Depok, 2002The current price of delivery service at Puskesmas Cimanggis City of Depok is Rp75.000,-. Considering the tasks and functions of Puskesmas as quality delivery service place that does not depend on government's support, the current price is not suitable with operational need of birth delivery room in Puskesmas. It is expected that price adjustment would maximize the service, because the appropriate price that is in line with people's ability to pay would increase utilization.The price adjustment was conducted through price analysis based on the unit cost of birth delivery service, cost recovery rate, ability to pay (ATP), price policy, and competitor's price. This study is a study case that was conducted in Birth Delivery Room Unit at Puskesmas Cimanggis City of Depok by analyzing the cost using double distribution method. The assessment of the ability to pay and the willingness to pay of the people in the District of Bogor was conducted by processing data from the survey result. The ability to pay according to ATP1 was 92% of people were able to pay as much as Rp72.000, 00; 72% of people were able to pay as much as Rp270.000,00 and 50% of people were able to pay as much as Rp504.000,00.Based on the cost analysis of birth delivery room of this study, the actual unit cost was Rp585.593, 00 and normative unit cost was Rp524.626,00. Nevertheless, the recommended price of birth delivery service is Rp270.000, 00. The recommendation of the price change is accepted by the Head of District Health Office as well as the Head of Puskesmas Cimanggis. Furthermore, the next step would be proposing this pricing to the Local Government.References: 21 (1996 - 2001)
