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Malaria is an infectious disease caused by a malaria parasite spread by female Anopheles mosquitoes, and is currently a public health problem. Besides causing death, it also affects work productivity and income. Puskesmas Hanura, wich is included ah High Incidence Area with AMI of l59,8 per 1000 persons, has done many efforts to deal with malaria, one of those is encouraging the use of bednets by distributing them to the community. The community there uses bednets while sleeping to help prevent malaria incidence. This study used case control design, to elicit whether there is any significant relationship between exposure to mosquitoes and malaria by comparing case group and control group. Data were collected from Puskesmas I-Ianura, whit case group being patients who have been diagnosed with malaria (based on clinical symptoms and laboratory result) and control group are those who are not diagnosed with malaria, Primary data were also collected using stmctured questionnaires. The result of bivariate analysis with a confidence of 95% showed that variabels correlating with malaria incidence the use of badnets with p value = 0,000 and OR = 4,177 (95%: 2,537-6,879), the use of mosquito coil with p value = 0,038 and OR = 1,962 (95% Cl: 1,078-3,57l) and being outside the housing during night time with p value = 0,016 and OR = 1,926 (95% CI: 1,159-3,20l). The result of multivariate analiysis showed that using bednets when sleeping has a correlation with malaria incidence. Those who do not use bednets have 4,177 times begger risk to catch malaria than those who do. g. It is suggested that the community be given thorough infomation on the importance of preventing the spread of malaria. The distribution of badnets should be continued and information should be given also regarding how to use bednets properly and their benefits. It is also suggested that people should stay inside the house night.
Penyakit Malaria merupakan penyakit yang endemis di Indonesia. Penyakit Malaria sering dikaitkan dengan perubahan iklim, karena baik nyamuk Anopheles maupun Plasmodium sensitif terhadap perubahan iklim. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Sigeblok, Kecamatan Banjarnangu, Kabupaten Banjrnegara untuk mengetahui apakah iklim dan kepadatan vektor berhubungan dengan kejadian Malaria di daerah tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan studi korelasi dengan menggunakan data sekunder yang dikumpulkan sejak bulan Oktober 1999 hingga September 2001 oleh Stasiun Lapangan Pemberantas Vektor (SLPV) Banjamegara, Dinas Kesehatan Banjamegara, dan Kantor Badan Statistik Banjamegara. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa rata-rata Man Biting Rule (MBR) per bulan adalah 0,09757 untuk An. aconirus, 0,05875 untuk An. maculatus, dan 0,009167 untuk An. balabacencis. Rata-rata per bulan faktor iklim adalah curah hujan 634, 5mm, jumlah hari hujan 15,08 hari, index hujan 308,83, suhu 25,52°C dan kelembaban 88,87%. Sedangkan rata-rata kejadian malaria adalah 33 per bulan. Hasil analisis bivariat memperlihatkan bahwa kejadian penyakit malaria bermakna secara statistik dengan dengan curah hujan (p=0,007), indeks hujan (p=0,027), serta berpola negalif dengan MBR An aconims (p==0,023)_ Tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik antara kejadian malaria dengan jumlah hari hujan, suhu, kelembaban, MBR A n. maculatus dan MBR An. balabacencis. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah curah hujan dan indeks hujan berhubungan secara bemakna dengan kejadian malaria, sedangkan MBR An. aconirus berhubungan secara bermakna dan berbanding terbalik dengan kejadian malaria. Jumlah hari hujan, suhu, kelembaban, MBR An. macrulatus dan MBR An. balabacencis tidak bermakna dengan kejadian malaria. Saran yang dapat diberikan adalah perlunya Dinas Kesehatan Banjamegara untuk melakukan program pencegahan kejadian malaria terutama menjelang musim hujan dengan cara mempersiapkan obat, melakukan penyemprotan, larva ciding, serta membenikan penyuluhan bagi masyarakat agar menghindari kontak dengan nyamuk dengan cara menggunakan kelambu, berpakaian yang menutupi permukaan kulit, serta tidak melakukan aktivitas di luar rumah pada malam hari. Bagi SLPV pengumpulan data, terutama yang berkaitan dengan usia nyamuk mendapatkan gambaran yang lebih baik mengenai hubungan antara iklim, kepada vektor dan kejadian malaria. Penelitian lanjutan lebih lengkap seperti data mengenai usia nyamuk serta bagaimana keadaan lingkungan biologi dari wilayah penelitian.
Malaria is an endemic disease in Indonesia. Malaria often related to climate, because both Anopheles mosquito and the Plasmodium are sensitive to climate change. This study was carried out in Sigeblok Village, Banjarmangu Sub District, Banjarnegara District, Central Java. The purpose of this study is to know whether climate and vector density are related to malaria incidence. This study is a correlation study using secondary data. Monthly data that was collected from October 1999 until September 2001 by Vector Control Field Station (SLPV Banjarnegara), Banjarnegara Health Service, and Banjarnegara Statistics Office. The study shows that the mean Man Biting Rate (MBR) per per month is 0,09757 for ,4«. aconitus, 0,05875 for An. maculates, and 0,009167 for An. balabacencis. The mean rainfall 634,5mm, raindays 15,08 days, rain index 308,83, temperature 25,52°C, humidity 88,87% and malaria incidence 33. The bivariate analysis shows that malaria incidence are statistically significant with rainfall (p=0,007), rainfall index (0,027), and it has a negative pattern with MBR An. aconitus (p=0,023). There are no statistically significant relation between malaria incidence with raindays, temperature, humidity, MBR An. maculatus and MBR An. balabacencis. The result of this study shows that rainfall, rain index are significantly correlated with malaria incidence, while MBR An. aconitus is significantly correlated and inversely proportional with malaria incidence. Raindays, temperature, humidity, MBR An. maculatus and MBR An. balabacencis has no significant relation with malaria incidence. Recommendation for Banjarnegara Health Service is to carry out a malaria prevention program especially when the rainy season is near by preparing medicines, larvaciding, and by giving elucidation to the community to avoid any contact with the mosquito by using mosquito net, clothes that covers the skin, and bay not doing activity outside the house at night- To SLPV Bartjarnegara, in collecting the data, there should be a data about mosquito longevity, so we can get a better picture on the association of climate, vector density, and malaria incidence. Continuation study on the same issue would be better if it contains more variable to be analyze such as mosquito longevity and biological environment in the study region.
The spread of COVID-19 infection in Indonesia is still ongoing. Community compliance in implementing physical distancing policies is one of the keys to suppressing the spread of COVID-19 infection. The purpose of this study is to determine variables related to compliance with physical distancing policies in Depok City. This research is a quantitative study with cross-sectional design and obtained 296 respondents from Depok City using purposive sampling method. Data collection was obtained through an online questionnaire distributed to social media (Whatsapp, Instagram, Twitter) and consisted of three-part questionnaire containing variables: individual characteristics (age, gender, educations, occupation), knowledge of COVID-19, and compliance to physical distancing policy. Data analysis used univariate analysis and bivariate analysis with chi-square test. More than 50% respondents in Depok City comply with the implementation of physical distancing, the majority are dominated by female respondents, aged 15-25 years, have a high level of education, and good knowledge about COVID-19 with status as workers/students. The result showed that three of five variables had a significant relationship with physical distancing compliance including gender p=0,038), education (p=0,001), and knowledge (p=0,028). Physical distancing health protocols still need to be implemented for the entire community as an effort to prevent the transmission of COVID-19.
