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Dari laporan Rumah Sakit di kota Cirebon diperoleh data mengenai jumlah BBLR tahun 2000 sebesar 333 bayi dari 3388 bayi yang lahir hidup (11,55 %). Data tersebut memang belum menggambarkan keadaan BBLR di kota Cirebon yang sesungguhnya oleh karena data yang ada dan terkumpul hanya berasal dari rumah sakit saja, belum mencakup semua Puskesmas di kota Cirebon. Sedangkan dan pola kematian bayi umur 0 - 28 hari yang rawat inap di rumah sakit kota Cirebon tahun 2000 menunjukkan bahwa BBLR merupakan penyebab kematian nomor 3 dari penyebab kematian bayi umur 0 - 28 hari yang rawat inap di rumah sakit kota Cirebon. Kegiatan pelayanan antenatal tingkat kota Cirebon dari tahun 1999 sampai dengan tahun 2001 menunjukkan hasil yang kurang memuaskan karena masih di bawah target angka cakupan pelayanan antenatal nasional dan selisih antara K1 dan K4 masih besar yaitu diatas 10%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kualitas pemanfaatan pelayanan antenatal dengan kejadian BBLR di kota Cirebon dengan mengendalikan faktor-faktor lain yang mempengaruhinya. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah kasus kontrol tidak. berpadanan. Responden pada penelitian ini berjumlah 250 orang yang terdiri dari 125 orang ibu yang melahirkan bayi dengan BBLR (kasus) dan 125 orang ibu yang melahirkan bayi dengan berat badan normal (kontrol) selama periode .fanuari 2001 ski Juni 2002. Data diolah dengan analisis statistik univariat, bivariat dan analisis multivariat dengan menggunakan regresi logistik. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kejadian BBLR pada ibu hamil yang memanfaatkan pelayanan antenatal dengan kualitas rendah mempunyai peluang 2,92 (1,40 - 6,06) kali lebih besar dibandingkan dengan ibu hamil yang memanfaatkan pelayanan antenatal dengan kualitas baik setelah dikontrol variabel jarak kelahiran. Perlu diadakan kunjungan rumah terutama pada kelompok ibu hamil yang mempunyai riwayat pemanfaatan pelayanan antenatal yang jelek dan jarak kelahiran yang kurang dari 24 bulan untuk memotivasi agar pada kehamilan berikutnya mau memanfaatkan pelayanan antenatal dengan baik, demikian juga dalam perencanaan maupun kebijakan Dinas Kesehatan yang berkaitan dengan peningkatan kualitas pemanfaatan pelayanan antenatal sebaiknya mengalokasikan anggaran Puskesmas lebih memprioritaskan pada ibu hamil yang mempunyai riwayat pemanfaatan pelayanan antenatal yang jelek dan jarak kelahiran yang kurang dari 24 bulan. Selain itu perlu juga diadakan penelitian lebih lanjut yang berkaitan dengan kualitas pemanfaatan pelayanan antenatal dan kejadian BBLR dengan menggunakan rancangan penelitian kohort prospektif.
The Relationship between the Quality of Antenatal Care Utilization and the Prevalence of Low Birth Weight at Health Centers in Cirebon City, 2001-2002Based on hospital reports in Cirebon City, the number of Low Birth Weight (LBW) in the year 2000 is. 333 out of 3,388 live birth infants (11.55%). The data could not describe the real situation of Low Birth Weight in Cirebon City, since the data is only collected from hospitals, not from the entire Health Centers in Cirebon City. Based on the hospital data in Cirebon City in the year 2000, Low Birth Weight was the third highest caused of inpatient neonatal (infant's age 0-28 days) death. Data between 1999 - 2001 showed that Antenatal Care (ANC) in Cirebon City was not satisfactory. The percentage was still below the national target of ANC and the gap between K1 and K4 was still high (more than 10%), The objective of this study is determine the relationship between the quality of Antenatal Care utilization and the prevalence of Low Birth Weight at Health Centers in Cirebon City by controlling its confounding factors. The design of this study is non-matching case control with. The number of respondents in this study was 250 that consisted of 125 mothers who gave birth with LBW as a case group birth and 125 mothers who gave birth normal weight infant during the period of January 2001 - June 2002. Bivariate and univariate analysis was conducted as well as multivariate analysis by using logistic regression analysis. The result of this study showed that mothers who utilized bad (low) quality of ANC had the tendency to have LBW 2.92 times higher (L40-6.06) compared to mothers who utilized good (high) quality ANC, controlled by distance of birth variable. The study recommended to provide neonatal visit especially to mothers with bad quality of ANC history and the distance of birth less than 24 months. The activities aimed to motivate mothers to conduct good ANC in the next pregnancy. It is also suggested that in term of the improvement of quality of ANC utilization, the Local Health Service plan and policy will allocate health services budget, and should give priority to those mothers who is having bad ANC. In addition, it is also needed to conduct a further study related to quality of ANC utilization and prevalence of LBW by using cohort perspective design.
The incidence of low birth weight (LBW) is a health problem that can not be ignored because it contributes greatly to neonatal mortality and is sensitive to long-term risks to infant health. One of the maternal factors that can lead to a high-risk pregnancy for LBW is the pregnancy intentions. This study aims to determine the association between pregnancy intentions and LBW based on secondary data from Indonesia Demographic And Health Survey 2012. The design of this study was cross sectional with 8922 samples of mothers aged 15-49 years married, had given birth within 5 years (before Indonesia Demographic And Health Survey 2012 data collection), single birth and live birth conditions. The result of the study obtained the proportion of LBW at 6.2%. Based on multivariate analysis of logistic regression, after all categories were controlled by ANC age and frequency variable, pregnancy category was then mistimed at 1,055 times for LBW. The unwanted pregnancy category was modified by a history of complications, for the unwanted category and had a history of complications having a greater risk (1,158 times) of delivering LBW, for unwanted pregnancy and no history of complications having a smaller risk (0.590 times) Compared with respondents with intended pregnancies and no history of complications (references). However, the final outcome for both categories of pregnancy intentions showed a statistically insignificant. Keywords: Pregnancy Intention, Low Birth Weight (LBW), Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey 2012.
Kata kunci: BBLR; kehamilan remaja
Low Birth Weight (LBW) in Indonesia has the prevalence of 7,3 % according to IDHS 2012. Some research showed that more LBW occurences happened to mother aged 15-19 at the time of birth. This study aims to prove the association between adolescent pregnancy and low birth weight after controlling all the confounding variables. The method used for this study is case-control (1:1) by analyzing IDHS 2012. The selected cases are 871 with 871 controls. Covariate variables are education, parity, complication during pregnancy, complication at birth, months of pregnancy at first antenatal visit and number of antenatal visit. The result of the study is that there is a significant association between adolescent pregnancy after controlling all confounding variables which are education, complication during pregnancy and months of pregnancy at first antenatal visit and number of antenatal visit (OR: 2,65; p value= 0,013; 95% CI: 1,232-5,712).
Key words: LBW; adolescent pregnancy
Angka kejadian BBLR di Indonesia pada tahun 2002 adalah 13,4 %, angka tcrsebut masih tinggi jika dibandingkan negara-negara lain di wilayah Asia Tenggara, padahal dari berbagai literatur menyatakan bahwa adanya pengaruh yang sangal merugikan akibat kejadian BBLR pada tahap kehidupan sclanjutnya (masa balila, anal;- anak, rcmaja, dan dewasa). Disisi lain, masih sedikit penelitian di Indonesia yang mcngangkat masalah penyebab BBLR khususnya status ekonomi. Tujuan pcnclitian ini adalah mcngetahui hubungan tingkat perckonomian rumah langga di Indonesia tcrhadap kcjadian BBLR sclama kurun waktu tahun |997 - 2003. Khususnya didacrah pcdcsaan dan perkotaan Dcsain pcnelilian ini adalah polong Iinlang, yang mcnggunakan data sckundcr dari hasil survey SDK! tahun 2002 - 2003. Pengukuran tingkal perckonomian menggunakan variabcl wealth indcks, scdangkan pengukuran variabcl BBLR dalam bentuk katagorik. Sampcl yang dianalisis dalam pcnclitian ini benjiumlah 10049 data. Analisis statistik menggunakan rcgresi logislik ganda. Hasil analisis penelitian ini mcndapalkan gambaran perekonomian tingkat nasional yang hampir merata anlara perscntase kclompok ekonomi kcluarga tertinggi dengan terendah (sckitar 20 %). Untuk dncrah pcdcsan lebih banyak pcrscntasc kclompok ekonomi kcluarga terendah (37%). Gambaran sebaliknya pada dacrah pcrkolaan terlihat paling banyak adalah persentase kelompok ekonomi kcluarga tertinggi (35 %). Untuk variabel dependen, gambaran BBLR pada tingkat nasional sebesar 7,5 % pada kelompok ekonomi kcluarga terendah, sedangkan persmtase kelompok ekonomi keluarga tertinggi hanya 4,8 %. Urutan basil yang sama dapat ditemukan pada kelompok yang tinggal di daezah perkotaan, namun untuk daerah pedesaan, angka BBLR justru terendah pada kelompok ekonomi keluarga sedang (5,4 %). Pcnelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa. adanya hubungan tingkat perekonomian rumah tangga dengan kejadian BBLR di Indonesia ku"un waktu 1997 - 2003. Untuk kelompok ekonomi keluarga rendah di Indonesia mepunyai kcccndcrungan untuk mcluhirkan BBLR sebcsar POR = 1,26 (95 % CI: l,04 - l,52) dibanding kelompok ekononomi kcluarga tinggi. Adanya Kcmaknaan hubungan kedua variabel tcrsebut juga terjadi pada daerah pedesaan (POR= |,36; 95 % Cl: 1,02 - l,8) namun tidak dcmikian halny dengan daerah perkotaan (POR= l,26; 95 % Cl: 0,81 - |,56). Penulis menyarankan adanya program pencegahan BBLR yang mcnyeluruh terutama pada kelompok ekonomi keluarga rendah, terlebih lagi kelompok ekonomi keluarga rendah yang tinggal di daemh pedesaan. Hal lain yang perlu diperhatikan adalah antisipasi adanya data mising pada daerah pedesaan dan kelompok ekonomi keluarga rendah dalam pengumpuian data serta penambahan beberapa pertanyaan penting yang diduga mempunyai hubungan dengan kejadian BBLR pada kegiatan sejenis survei SDKI dimasa yang al-can datang.
The prevalence of LBW lndonesia in 2002 is 13.4 %, that number is still high comparing with other countries in Southeast Asia, although from various literatures say that the existences ofthe harming effect because of the LBW occurrence in the next period of life (childhood, teenagers, and adults), in the other hands there are still a few researches in indonesia that rise about the couse of LBW especially in ES. The objective of this study is to know the relationship of ES household level in Indonesia upon the LBW during 1997 - 2003 period, especially in the rural and urban areas. This study is an analysis of secondary data gathered through Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) 2002 - 2003. Design of the study is cross sectional. The measurement ol`ES used wealth index variable and LBW variable is in the form of categorical data. The number of sample to analysis in this study is amount 10049 data, statisic analysis used multiple logistic regression. The result of this study shows that representation at national level ofES is almost equal in all strata of economics (i 20 %). ln the rural area, poorest families group has highest percentage (37 %). lt’s dissimilar in the urban area that show most richest families group (35 %). For dependent variable, the representation of LBW in national level is 7.5 % in the poorest group, while the percentage ofthe richest is only 4.8 %. The same sequence result can be found in the group who live in the urban areas, but for the rural areas, the number of LBW is even the lowest in the middle of ES (5,4 %). The study concludes that there is relationship between ES in household level with the prevalence ot`LBW in Indonesia for the period 1997 - 2003. The poor families in Indonesia has tendency for having LBW for as much of POR = 1.26 (95 % CI: 1.04 - 1.52) comparing to the rich families. The result in the rural level have relationship as much of POR= l,36; 95 % Cl: 1,02 ~ l,8, but in the urban area haven’t significant value (POR= l,26; 95 % CI: 0,81 - I,56). The writer suggest that the existence ol' comprehensive prevention progmm of LBW especially in the poor group, more over the poor families who live in n.|ral areas. Other case that needed to be considered is the anticipation of missing data in rural areas and the poor families group while data collection and to addition ol` some essential questionnaires that suspected has importance relation with LBW prevalence in the similar survey of IDHS in the next fixture.
