Ditemukan 32442 dokumen yang sesuai dengan query :: Simpan CSV
Al Asyary Upe; Promotor: Purnawan Junadi; Kopromotor: Purwantyastuti, Tris Eryando; Penguji: Sudijanto Kamso, Bambang Supriyatno, Sandi Iljanto, Artha Budi Susila Duarsa, Yodi Mahendradharta
D-316
Depok : FKM-UI, 2015
S3 - Disertasi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Desi Mery Dorsanti; Pembimbing: Budi Haryanto; Penguji: Sri Tjahyani Budi Utami, Ramdan Tiar
Abstrak:
Tuberkulosis masih merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan utama saat ini dan menjadi tantangan global. Ada beberapa faktor risiko yang mempermudah terjadinya tuberculosis pada anak, yaitu anak yang terpajan dengan orang dewasa dengan TB paru BTA positif terutama tinggal serumah, tinggal di daerah endemis, lingkungan yang sanitasinya tidak baik, faktor ekonomi, kondisi rumah tinggal (ukuran, kepadatan dan ventilasi rumah). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat besarnya risiko kejadian sakit tuberculosis pada anak yang kontak serumah dengan penderita tuberculosis paru BTA positif. Penelitian ini menggunakan disain studi cross sectional, dilakukan pada November 2015-Maret 2016. Sampel adalah anak yang memeriksakan diri dan melakukan test tuberculin di Puskesmas kecamatan Cilandak.Untuk melihat hubungan dilakukan. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan 85 anak melakukan test tuberculin, dan dari 69 anak yang kontak serumah dengan penderita TB paru BTA positif didapatkan 8 anak (11,6%) yang positif. Sedangkan dari 16 anak yang tidak kontak serumah dengan penderita TB paru BTA positif didapatkan 1 anak (6,2%) yang hasil test tuberkulinnya positif.Ada hubungan bermakna antara kepadatan hunian dan anggota keluarga yang merokok dengan risiko kejadian tuberculosis pada anak. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah risiko kejadian tuberculosis dapat dipengaruhi karena kontak serumah dengan penderita TB paru BTA positif.
Kata kunci : Test tuberkulin, TB paru BTA positif, Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Tuberculosis remains one of the major health problems at the moment and become a global challenge. There are several risk factors that facilitate the occurrence of tuberculosis in children, the children exposed to adults with pulmonary TB smear positive mainly stayed at home, living in endemic areas, environmental sanitation is not good, economic factors, the condition of residence (size, density and ventilation home). The purpose of this study to see the magnitude of the risk of the occurrence of illness tuberculosis in children with household contact with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients. This study used cross sectional design of the study, conducted in November 2015 and March 2016. The sample is child check-ups and perform tuberculin test in Cilandak sub-district health centers. In this study, 85 children perform tuberculin test, and of the 69 children whose household contact with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients found 8 children (11.6%) were positive. While the 16 children who are not household contact with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients got one child (6.2%) were the result of test tuberculin is positif.There is significant relationship between population density and family members who smoke the risk of incidence of tuberculosis in children. The conclusion of this study is the risk of tuberculosis incidence may be affected due to household contact with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients.
Keywords : Tuberculin test, sputum smear positive pulmonary TB, Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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Kata kunci : Test tuberkulin, TB paru BTA positif, Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Tuberculosis remains one of the major health problems at the moment and become a global challenge. There are several risk factors that facilitate the occurrence of tuberculosis in children, the children exposed to adults with pulmonary TB smear positive mainly stayed at home, living in endemic areas, environmental sanitation is not good, economic factors, the condition of residence (size, density and ventilation home). The purpose of this study to see the magnitude of the risk of the occurrence of illness tuberculosis in children with household contact with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients. This study used cross sectional design of the study, conducted in November 2015 and March 2016. The sample is child check-ups and perform tuberculin test in Cilandak sub-district health centers. In this study, 85 children perform tuberculin test, and of the 69 children whose household contact with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients found 8 children (11.6%) were positive. While the 16 children who are not household contact with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients got one child (6.2%) were the result of test tuberculin is positif.There is significant relationship between population density and family members who smoke the risk of incidence of tuberculosis in children. The conclusion of this study is the risk of tuberculosis incidence may be affected due to household contact with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients.
Keywords : Tuberculin test, sputum smear positive pulmonary TB, Mycobacterium tuberculosis
S-9106
Depok : FKM UI, 2016
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Artha Prabawa; Promotor: Sudijanto Kamso; Kopromotor: Purwantyatuti; Soewarta Kosen; Penguji: Purnawan Junadi, Ratna Djuwita, Besral, Artha Budi Susila Duarsa, Bachti Alisjahbana
D-372
Depok : FKM-UI, 2017
S3 - Disertasi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Fathul Jannah; Promotor: L Endang Achadi; Kopromotor: Faisal Yunus, Elvina Karyadi; Penguji: Kusharisupeni, Anhari Achadi, Besral, Hartono Gunardi, Adi Hidayat, Sri Wuryanti
Abstrak:
ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Tuberkulosis (TB) di Indonesia masih menempati urutan ke-3 di dunia. Anak dengan tuberkulosis umumnya mengalami defisiensi zinc dan vitamin A. Defisiensi zinc dapat menyebabkan gangguan sistem kekebalan tubuh dan mengganggu sintesis retinol binding protein sehingga dapat menghambat proses penyembuhan TB. Penambahan zinc dan vitamin A dapat membantu meningkatkan respon kekebalan tubuh pada penderita TB. Tujuan: Membuktikan pengaruh suplementasi zinc dan vitamin A dalam meningkatkan status gizi dan perbaikan gejala klinis pada anak usia 5-10 tahun dengan tuberkulosis paru. Disain: Penelitian adalah kuasi eksperimen dengan pre post design dengan kontrol. Sebanyak 84 anak yang telah diseleksi dan terdiagnosis TB Paru yang berada di empat wilayah Puskesmas Kecamatan di Jakarta Pusat diambil menjadi subyek penelitian. Kelompok perlakuan dibagi secara acak menjadi dua kelompok yakni kelompok I yang mendapatkan Obat anti Tuberkulosis Standar DOTS dan suplemen (berisi 20 mg zinc elemental dan vitamin A asetat 1500 IU) dan kelompok II yang hanya mendapatkan OAT saja. Obat dan suplemen diminum setiap hari selama pengobatan TB. Respon kesembuhan dapat diukur dari membaiknya gejala klinis dan status gizi dibandingkan pada saat awal sebelum pengobatan. Analisis untuk melihat perbedaan dua kelompok menggunakan uji T-Test. Gejala klinis diukur dengan chi-square. Hasil: 84 Subyek terdiri atas kelompok intervensi (n=38) dan kelompok kontrol (n=46). Pada fase inisial (bulan ke dua) perubahan nilai zinc, retinol dan IMT-U pada kelompok intervensi lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kontrol, grup I dengan nilai p=0,087; p=0,002; p=0,449 berturut-turut. Perubahan kadar albumin dan hemoglobin kelompok kontrol lebih tinggi dibanding kelompok intervensi denan nilai p=0,000; p=0,142. Pada bulan ke enam terjadi kenaikan pada retinol, hemoglobin, IMT-U, kelompok intervensi lebih tinggi dari kelompok kontrol dengan p=0,879; p=0,142; p= 0,216. Perubahan kadar albumin lebih tinggi pada kelompok kontrol p=0,005. Kadar zinc mengalami penurunan pada kedua kelompok p=0,153. Perbaikan gejala klinis lebih cepat terjadi pada kelompok intervensi dan bermakna secara klinis namun tidak bermakna secara statisik. Simpulan: Pemberian suplemen disarankan pada anak TB yang mendapat OAT hingga bulan ke dua, karena dapat meningkatkan status gizi dan perbaikan gejala klinis.
ABSTRACT Background: Indonesia is the 3rd in the world on Tuberculosis (TB). Most children with tuberculosis commonly have zinc and vitamin A deficiency. Zinc deficiency caused immune system disorders and disturb the synthesis of retinol binding protein, it inhibited the healing process of TB. Supplementation of zinc and vitamin A helped to improve the immune response in TB patients. Objective: To prove the effect of zinc and vitamin A supplementation in improving the clinical symptoms and nutritional status in children 5-10 years of tuberculosis. Design: This study was quasi experimental, was conducted in a pre post design. A total of 84 children who were selected and diagnosed with pulmonary TB in the four districts of the Public Health Center in Central Jakarta were invited as research subjects. Subjects were divided into two groups. Group I received the standard DOTS ATT and supplement (containing 20 mg zinc element, as a zinc sulfate and acetate vitamin A 1500 IU), while group II only received ATT. These drugs and supplements are taken daily during TB treatment. The recovery response can be measured by observing the improvement in clinical symptoms and nutritional status compared to the time before treatment. The analysis used to see the differences between the two groups is the T-Test. Clinical symptoms are measured by chi-square. Results: There are 84 subjects taken in the intervention group (n = 38) and the control group (n = 46). In intensive phase, delta of zinc, retinol, BMI/A on intervention group was higher than control ( p=0,087; =0,002; =0,449, respectively). Delta albumin and Hb were higher ol control than intervention (p=0,000; =0,142). On the 6th mo, delta of retinol, Hb increased higher than control (p=0,879; =0,142; =0,216, respectively). But zinc level decreased on both groups (p=0,153). Clinical symptoms provide good results and are clinically meaningful but not significant. Conclusion: Supplementation was valueable with ATT treatment up to two months due to it could improve nutritional status and clinical symptoms.
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ABSTRACT
D-397
Depok : FKM-UI, 2019
S3 - Disertasi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Murtiwi; Pembimbing: Soekidjo Notoatmodjo, Adang Bachtiar, Elly Nurachmah; Penguji: Hadi Pratomo, Kusharisupeni, Soewarta Kosen, Keliat Budi Anna, Fahmi Idris
D-110
Depok : FKM-UI, 2005
S3 - Disertasi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Ekowati Retnaningsih; Pembimbing: Hasbullah Thabrany, Adang Bachtiar, Sudijanto Kamso; Penguji: Soekidjo Notoatmodjo, Haryoto Kusnoputranto, Soewarta Kosen, Mardiati Nadjib, Fahmi Idris
D-114
Depok : FKM-UI, 2005
S3 - Disertasi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Machrumnizar; Promotor: Tris Eryando; Kopromotor: Adang Bachtiar, Rina Kurniasri Kusumaratna; Penguji: Anhari Achadi, Dumilah Ayuningtyas, Nastiti Kaswandani, Maxi Rein Rondonuwu, Dedy Sugiarto
Abstrak:
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Tuberkulosis (TB) tetap menjadi masalah kesehatan utama di Indonesia dengan angka kejadian yang tinggi, termasuk pada anak-anak yang berkontribusi sekitar 16,68% dari total kasus TB nasional. Untuk mencapai target eliminasi TB pada tahun 2030, salah satu upaya strategis adalah optimalisasi deteksi dini melalui pemanfaatan teknologi digital dalam proses skrining dan diagnosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan model skrining TB anak berbasis machine learning dengan sistem skoring otomatis guna meningkatkan cakupan deteksi dan notifikasi kasus secara lebih efisien. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan rancangan kohort retrospektif dan dilaksanakan pada April–Agustus 2025 di delapan Puskesmas Kecamatan di wilayah Jakarta Barat. Data penelitian diperoleh dari rekam medis elektronik (RME) puskesmas dan database sistem informasi tuberkulosis (SITB) tahun 2023–2024. Model dikembangkan melalui empat skenario menggunakan lima algoritma, yaitu Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbor, dan Support Vector Machine. Evaluasi kinerja model dilakukan menggunakan cross-validation k-fold = 5 dengan metrik akurasi, sensitivitas, spesifisitas, dan Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUROC). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel dengan kontribusi prediktif terbesar meliputi pembesaran kelenjar, malaise ≥ dua minggu, penurunan atau stagnasi berat badan dua bulan terakhir, status gizi, dan riwayat kontak TB. Berdasarkan variabel tersebut, Decision Tree menjadi algoritma dengan performa terbaik karena menghasilkan nilai AUROC > 0,90. Nilai AUROC yang sangat tinggi (mendekati 1) menunjukkan bahwa kedua model memiliki kemampuan yang sangat baik dalam membedakan pasien anak dengan TB positif dan negatif berdasarkan skoring, serta sesuai untuk karakteristik data yang bersifat non-linear dengan interaksi antar gejala. Prototype aplikasi berbasis web yang dikembangkan mampu memberikan estimasi risiko secara cepat dan interaktif, sehingga berpotensi mendukung skrining TB anak di fasilitas layanan primer.
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health challenge in Indonesia, with a high incidence rate, including among children who account for approximately 16.68% of all national TB cases. To achieve the 2030 TB elimination target, optimizing early detection through the use of digital technologies in screening and diagnosis is a key strategic approach. This study aims to develop a machine learning–based pediatric TB screening model equipped with an automated scoring system to enhance the efficiency of case detection and notification. A quantitative approach with a retrospective cohort design was employed, conducted from April to August 2025 across eight sub-district primary health centers (Puskesmas) in West Jakarta. Data were obtained from electronic medical records (RME) and the tuberculosis information database system (SITB) database for the years 2023–2024. The model was developed under four scenarios using five algorithms: Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbor, and Support Vector Machine. Model performance was evaluated using 5-fold cross-validation with accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUROC) as the evaluation metrics. The findings indicate that the variables with the strongest predictive contributions include lymph node enlargement, malaise lasting ≥ two weeks, weight loss or stagnation over the past two months, nutritional status, and TB contact history. Based on these variables, Decision Tree demonstrated the best performance, achieving AUROC values > 0.90. Such high AUROC values (approaching 1) suggest excellent discriminatory ability in distinguishing TB-positive from TB-negative pediatric patients, particularly given the non-linear patterns and interactions among clinical symptoms. A prototype web-based application was developed and demonstrated the ability to generate rapid and interactive risk estimations. This tool shows strong potential to support pediatric TB screening efforts in primary healthcare settings.
D-615
Depok : FKM-UI, 2026
S3 - Disertasi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Satria Pratama; Promotor: Haryoto Kusnoputranto; Kopromotor: Bambang Wispriyono, Faisal Yunus; Penguji: Fatma Lestari, Besral, Elisna Syahruddin, Inswiyasri, Sonny Warouw
D-338
Depok : FKM-UI, 2016
S3 - Disertasi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Malahayati Rusli Bintang; Promotor: Adang Bachtiar; Kopromotor: Fachmi Idris; Penguji: Kemal Nazaruddin Siregar, Mardiati Nadjib, Pujiyanto, Ali Ghufron Mukti, Rizanda Mahmud, Achmad Farich
Abstrak:
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Diabetes Melitus (DM) meningkatkan risiko terkena TB paru, terutama pada kelompok berisiko tinggi. Meskipun penemuan kasus secara aktif dan peningkatan pelaporan di fasilitas kesehatan sangat penting, namun keterlibatan sektor swasta dalam pengendalian TB masih rendah karena adanya fragmentasi dan dana yang tidak memadai. Sistem Informasi Tuberkulosis (SITB) adalah perangkat lunak utama untuk mencatat dan melaporkan kasus TB, namun aksesnya terbatas dan sistemnya tidak terintegrasi dengan baik. Untuk mengatasi tantangan ini, diperlukan e-screening tool untuk mengintegrasikan skrining TB ke dalam skrining diabetes yang ada saat ini secara efisien sehingga notifikasi TB di FKTP swasta dapat meningkat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan mixed exploratory sequential, yang menggabungkan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif secara bertahap. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 3 tahap, yaitu tahap pertama menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan tahap kedua dan ketiga menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Ditahap pertama, dilakukan analisis faktor determinan TB pada pasien DM menggunakan data Riskesdas 2013 dan 2018. Lalu tahap 2 dilakukan analisis/evaluasi mengenai implementasi proses notifikasi TB pada FKTP swasta dan pada tahap 3 dilakukan proses diseminasi kebijakan rancangan model skrining TB pada pasien DM dengan menggunakan pendekatan Policy Cycle. Hasil penelitian di tahap 1 menunjukkan bahwa variabel diagnosa penyakit kanker, riwayat merokok, ketersediaan rumah sakit swasta dan ketersediaan praktik dokter/klinik secara statistik memiliki hubungan yang signifikan terhadap kejadian TB pada pasien DM. lalu dari hasil uji multivariat diperoleh hasil bahwa kanker merupakan faktor prediktif pada kejadian penyakit TB paru pada penderita DM. hasil penelitian tahap 2 menunjukkan bahwa belum semua FKTP swasta memiliki SITB mandiri yang menyebabkan pencatatan dan pelaporan kasus TB menjadi temuan milik puskesmas dimana hal ini berdampak pada rendahnya notifikasi TB di FKTP swasta. Hasil penelitian tahap 3 menunjukkan bahwa untuk meningkatkan notifikasi TB di FKTP swasta dapat dilakukan dengan merancang e-screening tool TB dengan pendekatan kaskade TB 6T. Dengan mengintegrasikan JKN Mobile, E-RM, P-Care dan SITB dalam bentuk partner satu sehat, serta didukung dengan SDM, sarana prasarana dan pembiayaan yang cukup diharapkan dapat meningkatkan notifikasi TB di FKTP swasta sehingga dapat menurunkan angka kematian atau angka kesakitan akibat TB pada pasien DM.
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) increases the risk of developing pulmonary TB, especially in high-risk groups. While active case finding and improved reporting at health facilities are critical, private sector involvement in TB control remains low due to fragmentation and inadequate funding. The Tuberculosis Information System (TBIS) is the primary software for recording and reporting TB cases, but access is limited and the system is not well integrated. To overcome these challenges, an e-screening tool is necessary to efficiently integrate TB screening into existing diabetes screening so that TB notifications at private primary care facilities can increase. This study used a mixed exploratory sequential approach, which combines quantitative and qualitative methods in its stages. The study consisted of 3 stages, with the first stage using a quantitative approach and the second and third stages using a qualitative approach. In the first stage, the determinants of TB in patients with DM were analyzed using 2013 and 2018 Riskesdas data. Then in stage 2, an analysis/evaluation of the implementation of the TB notification process at private primary care facilities was carried out and in stage 3, the policy dissemination process of the TB screening model design in DM patients was carried out using the Policy Cycle approach. The results of stage 1 of the study showed that the variables of cancer diagnosis, smoking history, availability of private hospitals and availability of TB screening in DM patients were significantly associated with TB screening in DM patients. The results of the multivariate test showed that cancer was a predictive factor in the incidence of pulmonary TB disease in patients with DM. The results of phase 2 of the study showed that not all private primary health care facilities have independent SITB, which causes the recording and reporting of TB cases to be the findings of the puskesmas, thus has an impact on the low notification of TB in private primary health care facilities. The results of phase 3, showed that improving TB notification at private primary care facilities can be done by designing a TB e-screening tool with a 6T TB cascade approach. By integrating JKN Mobile, E-RM, P-care and SITB in the form of the intergrated system of Satu Sehat, and supported by sufficient human resources, infrastructure and financing, these allow room for a better national TB control management. In this light, TB notification rate has a good potential for improvements at private primary care facilities, and thus eventually contributing to a reduction of mortality or morbidity due to TB in DM patients.
D-509
Depok : FKM-UI, 2024
S3 - Disertasi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Rifqatussa'adah; Promotor: Sudijanto Kamso; Kopromotor: Purwantyastuti, Ratna Djuwita; Penguji: Ella Nurlaela Hadi, Sutanto Priyo Hastono, Besral, Soewarta Kosen, Artha Budi Susial Duarsa
D-333
Depok : FKM-UI, 2016
S3 - Disertasi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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