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ABSTRAK Nama : Zilka Ilmi Program Studi : Magister Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja Judul : Analisis Nilai Fire Load sebagai Acuan Proteksi Kebakaran di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Pasar Rebo Tahun 2018 Fire load merupakan jumlah energi yang dilepaskan seluruh material pada saat terjadi kebakaran dalam suatu ruangan. Keparahan akibat kebakaran akan meningkat jika fire load bangunan lebih besar. Bangunan rumah sakit merupakan salah satu gedung yang memiliki risiko tinggi terjadi kebakaran. Beberapa kegiatan perawatan medis di ICU, ruang operasi dan ruangan terapi pasien tertentu juga melibatkan peralatan dan hal-hal yang kompleks yang dapat menyebabkan timbulnya kebakaran. Untuk menjamin tingkat keandalan serta keselamatan bangunan maka perlu dilakukan pengelolaan bahaya kebakaran dengan baik dan terencana. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis nilai fire load sebagai acuan proteksi kebakaran di RSUD Pasar Rebo. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif dan komparatif dengan membandingkan kondisi pada objek penelitian dengan hasil survei terdahulu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata – rata fire load density ruang ICU dan kamar operasi adalah 210,968MJ/m 2 . Hasil pengukuran ini masih dalam rentang fractile 80% pada survey yang dilakukan oleh Eurocode1 pada tipe kamar di rumah sakit. Nilai ini berada dalam nilai yang aman. Nilai fire load tidak bisa dijadikan acuan tingginya tingkat fire risk. Untuk mengetahui fire risk perlu memperhitungkan ventilasi dan fire ignition nya. Dari hasil penelitian, disarankan sebaiknya pihak rumah sakit melakukan perbaikan terhadap sistem proteksi kebakaran dan sarana evakuasi agar dapat diandalkan jika terjadi kebakaran sehingga mampu mengurangi risiko bahaya kebakaran. Kata Kunci : Fire load, sistem proteksi, rumah sakit
ABSTRACT Name : Zilka Ilmi Department : Occupational Safety and Health Judul : The Analysis of Fire Load Value as Fire Protection at RSUD Pasar Rebo in 2018 Fire load is the total of energy which is released throughout from the material during fire in a room. The fire severity will increase while the fire load of building is higher. The hospital is one of buildings that having high fire risk. Some activities in the ICU and operating room has equipment and complex things that can cause a fire. To guarantee the level of reliability and safety of buildings, its necessary to manage of fire hazards well and planned. The aim of this study was to analyze fire load value as protection fire at RSUD Pasar Rebo. This study was descriptive study and comparative by comparing the conditions in the object of research with the results of previous surveys. The result of this study showed that the average of fire load density value in ICU and operating room was 210,968 MJ/m 2 . This value is still in fractile range of 80% in a survey by Eurocode 1. It means that value is in safe value. Fire load value can not be used as fire risk level. Take into account the ventilation and fire ignition for calculate the fire risk. Therefore, the management should improvements the fire protection system and evacuation facilities to be reliable during fire so as to reduce the risk of fire hazards. Keywords : Fire load, protection system, hospital
Kebakaran dapat terjadi dimana saja, bahkan di gedung sekolah yang memiliki tingkat risiko bahaya kebakaran yang ringan. Oleh karenanya, perlu dilakukan suatu penelitian terhadap tingkat risiko bahaya kebakaran pada setiap ruangannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi fungsi dan karakteristik ruangan, mengetahui tingkat risiko bahaya kebakaran, kebutuhan fasilitas pencegahan dan penanggulangan kebakaran serta evakuasi di sekolah PRIBADI. Analisis tingkat risiko bahaya kebakaran ini ditinjau dari fungsi dan karakteristik setiap ruangannya. Fungsi dari ruangan yang terdapat di sekolah PRIBADI dapat dibedakan menjadi 4, yaitu: ruangan kelas umum dan laboratorium, ruangan bukan kelas untuk administrasi dan bukan. Adapun, karakteristik ruangannya ditinjau dari aktivitas ruangan, fasilitas pendukung dan bahan dasarnya, pembatas ruangan dan bahan dasarnya, kapasitas ruangan, prakiraan kerugian material, dan jenis dokumen yang disimpan. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif yang membandingkan kondisi di lapangan berdasarkan abservasi dengan peraturan, standar yang berlaku, seperti lampiran no. 31 dan 32 dari keputusan menteri pekerjaan umum no.378/KPTS/1987. Analisis terhadap tingkat risiko bahaya kebakaran dari setiap ruangan di sekolah PRIBADI adalah 33 ruangan kategori ringan, 13 ruangan kategori sedang dan 9 ruangan kategori berat. Berdasarkan tingkat risiko bahaya kebakaran tersebut, maka fasilitas pencegahan dan penanggulangan kebakaran yang dibutuhkan adalah detektor kebakaran dan alat pemadam api ringan. Detektor rate of rise temperature dengan jenis pneumatic dapat dipasang pada lantai 1, 2, 3, 4 gedung A, dan lantai 3 gedung B yang befungsi mendeteksi kenaikkan temperature. Sedangkan, detektor nyala api jenis ultraungu dapat dipasang pada lantai 1, 2 gedung A dan lantai 1, 3 gedung B yang berfungsi mendeteksi nyala api. Alat pemadam api ringan yang dibutuhkan adalah jenis CO2 dengan volume maksimal 5 kg yang terdapat pada setiap lantai gedung A dan B. Gedung sekolah PRIBADI membutuhkan prosedur dan fasilitas evakuasi untuk dapat menyelamatkan penghuni gedung. Prosedur evakuasi yang dibutuhkan adalah prosedur umum dan jalur evakuasi. Sedangkan, fasilitas minimum evakuasi yang dibutuhkan adalah sumber daya listrik darurat, lampu darurat, bukaan penyelamatan dan penunjuk jalan keluar.
Fire can be happen anywhere, even at school which have a low risk } of fire risk rating. Therefore, a fire risk analysis is important to determine fire risk rate at school. Analysis about fire risk rating will be observed based on room characteristic and utilities. The objective of this research are to identify room characteristic and utilities, to determine based on room utility, risk fire rank every rooms, need analysis requirement of fire protection and prevention facility, also evacuation procedure for PRIBADI boarding school. PRIBADI boarding school has four different type room functions, there are: general class, laboratory class, administration and addition room. The room characteristic was observed based on room activity, equipments and base material, divider and base material, room capacity, loss property calculation and type of document at room. This research is qualitative study, based on comparative analysis between the existing conditions with a current Indonesia regulation. The Indonesia regulation was based on appendices number 31St and 32nd attached to Keputusan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum no.378/KPTS/1987. Results from fire risk analysis suggested that every room at PRIBADI boarding school are 33 room have high risk, 13 room medium risk and 9 room low risk_ Based on this fire risk analysis, the fire protection and prevention required in this facility are fire detector and fire extinguisher. Fire detector rate of rise temperature type with pneumatic system can be use on 1st, 2"d, 3rd, and 4th floor in building A, also on 3rd floor in building B with the function to detect rise temperature. Flame detector of ultraviolet can be use on 1St, and 2"d floor in building A, also on 15t, and 3"d in building B with the function to detect ignition. Type of fire extinguisher that PRIBADI boarding school needed is carbon dioxide with 5 kg volume in every floor. Indeed, PRIBADI boarding school needs a procedure and facility of evacuation; this would include the evacuation procedure and evacuation route. Other requirements of minimum facility are emergency power, emergency lamp, emergency exits and exits sign.
This study discusses fire evacuation strategies using three-dimensional (3D) modeling in the Jakarta International Stadium (JIS) building. Evacuation simulations can now be conducted through computerized modeling, which serves as an effective engineering approach to assess the feasibility of evacuation systems during fire emergencies. Such modeling must be supported by a fundamental understanding of evacuation facilities that play a vital role in facilitating safe and effective evacuation processes. As a multifunctional public facility frequently used for mass events such as football matches and music concerts, stadiums inherently carry a high fire risk. Therefore, this study employed the Pathfinder software to perform 3D evacuation simulations and analyze occupant movement during emergency scenarios within the stadium. The simulation required input data related to both the building structure and occupant characteristics. The simulation results showed a total evacuation time of 4 minutes and 53 seconds for the east and west stands, accommodating a total of 1,640 people. In addition, this research also assessed the level of compliance of the stadium’s evacuation facilities with applicable standards. The assessment revealed a 100% compliance rate, which falls into the “Good (B)” category, indicating that the evacuation infrastructure at Jakarta International Stadium meets the relevant safety and regulatory requirements.
Fire protection system, means of ecsape and inspection and maintenance program of that means is part of means of prevention and control of fire in building especially in health center building.
