Polusi debu particulate matter 10 mikron (PM10) di Kabupaten Banjar Kalimantan Selatan menunjukkan peningkatan. Meningkatnya kadar PM10 merupakan isu signifikan yang menimbulkan gangguan pernafasan. Pada tahun 2000 prevalensinya sebesar 36,9 %, sedangkan 2001 menjadi 40,92 %. Studi cross sectional ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kadar debu PMI0 rumah dan PM10 ambien dengan kejadian gangguan pernafasan pada bayi dan balita. Pengukuran PM10 dilakukan di dalam rumah yaitu ruang dapur, ruang tidur, dan ruang tamu, sedangkan di luar rumah pengukurannya dilakukan sejauh lima meter dan pintu depan.Dari 384 responden ditemukan 202 rumah dengan kadar debu PM10 lebih dari 70 µg/m3 dan 182 rumah kurang dari 70 µg/m3. Terhadap rumah yang kadar debu PMI0 lebih dari 70 µg/m3, ditemukan 111 bayi dan balita (55%) mengalami gangguan pernafasan. Sedangkan terhadap rumah yang kandungan PM10 kurang dari 70 µg/m3 hanya ditemukan 51 bayi dan balita (28%) mengalami gangguan pemafasan. Bayi dan balita tinggal di dalam rumah dengan kadar debu PM10 nya lebih dari 70 µg/m3(OR = 4,75; p value = 0,0005) mempunyai risiko mengalami gangguan pernafasan sebesar 4,75 kali dibandingkan dengan kadar debu PM10 rumah kurang dari 70µg/m3 setelah dikontrol oleh kadar debu PM10 ambien dan kelembaban? (abstrak tidak lengkap ter-scan).

Dust Exposure in Relation with Respiratory Health Effects (Study on Baby And Children Aged Less Than Five Years Inhabiting The Coal Transportation Lane at Subdistrict Mataraman in District Banjar, South Borneo)Dust pollution of Particulate Matter 10 micron (PM10) in Banjar District, South Borneo increases. This is a significant issue causing respiratory health effects. Its prevalence is 36,9 % in 2000 and 40,92 % in 2001. This cross sectional study is aimed at finding the relationship between indoor dust consentration PM,() and PM10 ambient and the respiratory effects on baby and children aged less than five years. PMto measurement is done indoors such as in kitchen, bedroom and visiting room. On the other hand, outdoor measurement is conducted on space as far as 5 metres of the front door.From 384 respondents, it is found that there are 202 households with consentration PM10 more than 70 Mg/m3 and 182 households with concentration less than 70 Mg/m3. To the household with consentration PMI0 more than 70 Mg/m3, it is found that 111 (55%) baby and children aged less than five years infected by respiratory health effects. On the other hand, to the household with consentration PM10 less than 70 Mg/m3, it is found that only 51 babies and children aged less than five years (28 %). Baby and children aged less than five years inhabiting the home under consentration PM10 more than 70 Mg/m3(OR = 4,75; p value = 0,0005) is mostly probable to be infected by respiratory health effects as much as 4,75 times compared with consentration PM10 less than 70 Mg/m3 after being controlled by dust consentration PM1O ambient and indoor humidity and the interaction between dust consentration PMio home and dust consentration PMio ambient, and the interaction between home ventilation and dust consentration PMIO ambient. Dust consentration PMI0 indoor is related with respiratory health effects to baby and children aged less than five years. PMio home is influenced by PM1o ambient. The more PMio ambient is, the more dust consentration PMIO home will be. The influentian variables in this research are ventilation, humidity and PMIO ambient. To reduce dust consentration PMIO ambient influence to dust consentration PMlo home in coal transportation lane, it is suggested that inhabitant plant many trees beside the lane or their yards.

Campak adalah penyakit virus akut(paramyxavirus) sangat mudah menular melalui udara atau kontak langsung namun tergolong penyakit yang dapat dicegah dengan imunisasi. Di Indonesia penyakit campak telah masuk pada tahap reduksi dengan cakupan imunisasi (>90 %) namun Case fatality rate (CFR) eukup tinggi yaitu sekitar 1,7 - 2,4 oleh karena itu penelitian kearah mencari faktor penyebab penyakit campak pads balita dalam hal ini dibatasi pada faktor kesehatan lingkungan dan karakteristik anak balita yang berkaitan dengan kejadian penyakit campak pada balita menjadi sangat beralasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi frekwensi, hubungan dan mencari model faktor kesehatan lingkungan (16 variabel) dan karakteristik anak balita (5 variabel ) dengan kejadian penyakit campak pada balita. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Garut dengan metode kasus kontrol, jumlali sampel masing masing 150 kasus dan 150 kontrol total 300 sampel (1:1), rentang waktu antara Bolan Juli 2000 aid Bulan Desember 2001. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa dari 21 Variabel yang dilakukan uji hubungan bevariat ada 15 variabel yang memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan p 0.05 (hipotesis ditolak). Dan 5 variabel p > 0.05 (hipotesis gagal ditolak). Model akhir tanpa interaksi didapat lima variabel utama yang berhubungan dengan kejadian campak adalah Imunisasi nilai B (3.340), Jendela (1.468), Vit A ( 1.319), Kepadatan ( 0.885) dan Cahaya (0.846) dengan konstanta -5.218. Faktor paling dominan adalah imunisasi dengan OR 28.228 pada CI 95 % 11.789-67.588, sedangkan setelah melalui uji interaksi terdapat dua variabel tunggal dan 2 yang berinteraksi yaitu 1286 (Imunisasi), 1,393 (Cahaya by Jendela), 0.933 (Kepadatan), dan 0.947 (Cahaya by Vit A) dengan konstanta -3.951 faktor paling dominan yang dapat mempengaruhi kejadian campak adalah Imunisasi dengan nilai B = 3.951 dengan QR = 26.72 nilai C195 % = 11.301-63.201 Untuk aplikasi penanganan program ini tentu memerlukan strategi khusus, yang intinya perlu pelayanan kesehatan masyarakat yang komprehensif berupa pelayanan promosi dan pencegahan berupa pelayanan intensif pelaksanaan imunisasi dan pemberian vitamin A serta melaksanakan perbaikan kesehatan lingkungan fisik rumah terutama sistem pencahayaan, jendelanisasi, dan pengurangan kepadatan kamar.

Measles is an accute viruses deseases (paramyxovirus)_ It is very easy infected to other people direct contact, but can be prevented by immunization. In Indonesia measles deseases is in reduction phase with immunimtion trap >90 %, but the Case fatality rate (CFR) is high between 1.7 - 2.4. There efor the study to find the risk factor of measles on childhood in this case is limited on environtmenal health factor and the characteristic of childhood that is associated with measles incidence of childhood is very reasonable. The purpose of this study is to know the distribution anda freqkfency, the association and find the environment health factors model (16 variables) and characteristik of childhood (5 variable) with the measles incidence on Childhood at Garut District 2000-2001 year. This study was being done at Garut district using case control method_ The sample of this study is 300 ehilldhood (150 cases and 150 control) the study last from July 2000 --- Descember 2000. The result of this study showed that from 21 variable there is 16 variabels is significant because p < 0.05. The multivariate final model are : immunization B velue (3.340), Windows (1.468), Vit A ( 1.319), Crowding ( 0.885) and Lighting (0.846), constanta -5.218. The strenght of Factor is immunization with OR 28.228 at CI 95 % 11389-67.588. Interaksi test result is 3.286 (Imunisation), 1.393 (Light by windows), 0.933 (Croeding, and 0.947 (Lighting by Vit A), constanta -3.951 and strenght factor is Imunisation with B value = 3.951 , OR = 26.72 Cl 95 % = 11.301-63.201 Sugestion for program Aplication cocerning measles program in Garut District is a comprehensif action, covering Promotion, prevention, Curative dan Rehabilitation. The priority program are Immunization programe, Vitamin A, and Rehabilitation of Window, sistem of Lighting Room and reduction of Ovbercrowding.

Latar Belakang: Di Indonesia, pneumonia adalah salah satu penyakit menular penyumbang kematian balita. Faktor risiko pneumonia pada balita, antara lain kualitas udara, status imunisasi, dan status gizi balita. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara konsentrasi PM2,5, status imunisasi, dan status gizi dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita di 10 SPKU Daerah Khusus Jakarta tahun 2023 dengan data bulanan. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi ekologi berdasarkan tempat yang mencakup 10 kecamtan di Daerah Khusus Jakarta. Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara konsentrasi PM2,5 dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita di Kecamatan Menteng (p=0,005; r=0,751), Kecamatan Kalideres (p=0,028; r=-0,631), dan Kecamatan Tanjung Priok (p=0,031; r=-0,622). Hubungan status imunisasi dengan pneumonia pada balita di Kecamatan Cakung (r=-0,356) dan Jagakarsa (r=-0,343) artinya memiliki korelasi negatif sedang. Adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara status gizi dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita di Kecamatan Tanjung Priok (p=0,018; r=-0,665), Kalideres (p=0,018; r=0,667), dan Kebon Jeruk (p=0,040; r=-0,599). Kesimpulan: Variasi tingkat polusi udara, imunisasi, dan gizi balita antar kecamatan di Jakarta menunjukkan perbedaan pola hubungan dengan pneumonia, menandakan perlunya intervensi dan evaluasi program kesehatan yang lebih terfokus di tiap wilayah.

Background: In Indonesia, pneumonia is one of the leading infectious diseases contributing to under-five mortality. Risk factors for pneumonia in children under five include air quality, immunization status, and nutritional status. Objective: To examine the relationship between PM2.5 concentration, immunization status, and nutritional status with the incidence of pneumonia in children under five across 10 SPKUs (Community Health Surveillance Areas) in the Special Capital Region of Jakarta in 2023 using monthly data. Methods: This study employed an ecological study design based on location, covering 10 subdistricts in the Special Capital Region of Jakarta. Results: The results showed a significant relationship between PM2.5 concentration and pneumonia incidence in children under five in Menteng Subdistrict (p=0.005; r=0.751), Kalideres Subdistrict (p=0.028; r=-0.631), and Tanjung Priok Subdistrict (p=0.031; r=-0.622). The relationship between immunization status and pneumonia in children under five in Cakung (r=-0.356) and Jagakarsa (r=-0.343) indicates a moderate negative correlation. A significant relationship was found between nutritional status and pneumonia incidence in children under five in Tanjung Priok (p=0.018; r=-0.665), Kalideres (p=0.018; r=0.667), and Kebon Jeruk (p=0.040; r=-0.599). Conclusion: The variation in air pollution levels, immunization coverage, and child nutrition across subdistricts in Jakarta shows different patterns of association with pneumonia, indicating the need for more targeted health program interventions and evaluations in each area.

Prevalensi ISPA pada balita di Indonesia masih tinggi yaitu 36%, sedangkan data SKRT tahun 1995 menemukan proporsi-kematian balita (1-4 tahun) akibat ISPA adalah sebesar 18,2%. Penelitian dilakukan di 3 desa Kecamatan lnderalaya Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir Sumatera Sclatan tahun 2002, dengan alasan masih tingginya kasus 1SPA pada bayi dan balita dimana prevalensi ISPA 32,4% ( Profil Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir tahun 2001) Secara umum penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan konsentrasi partikulat melayang (PM10) rumah dengan kejadian gangguan saluran pemapasan pada bayi dan balita. Subyek penelitian ini adalah ibu-ibu yang memiliki bayi dan balita (0 bulan-59 bulan). Dengan desain penelitian survei menggunakan rancangan cross secsional dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 100 keluarga yang memiliki bayi dan balita secara random sampling yang tersebar di 3 desa. Dari 15 variabel yang diajukan, ternyata hanya 7 variabel yang terbukti berhubungan secara bermakna dengan kejadian gangguan saluran pernapasan pada bayi dan balita. Faktor yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan kejadian gangguan saluran pernapasan pada bayi dan balita adalah ventilasi rumah . Hasil analisis model akhir menunjukan bahwa faktor yang secara bersama-sama berhubungan dengan kejadian gangguan saluran pernapasan pada bayi dan balita adalah jenis dinding, ventilasi, adanya perokok dan pemakaian obat nyamuk bakar. Kepada Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir disarankan perlu adanya penyuluhan yang lebih menekankan pada aspek kesehatan lingkungan rumah terdiri dari ventilasi rumah dan kebiasaan merokok. Disarankan kepada penduduk desa terutama di Kecamatan lnderalaya agar membuka jendela pada pagi hari dan kebiasaan merokok jangan didekat bayi dan balita.

The Relationship of Fly Particulate Concentration (PM10) Houses with the Incident of Respiratory Tract Problem (Study on Infant and Baby at Inderalaya Sub-District, Ogan Komering Ilir District, South Sumatra, 2002) The prevalence of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) on under-five in Indonesia is still high that as 36%, while the Household Health Survey data in 1995 showed that the proportion of under-five death (1-4 year(s) caused by ARI was 18.2%. This study was conducted at three villages of Inderalaya Sub-District, Ogan Kemering Iiir District, South Sumatra, 2002. The reason, it is still high the cases of ARI on infant and baby, where the prevalence of ARI as 32.4% (Profile of Local Health Service, Ogan Komering Ilir District, 2001). In general, the objective of this study was to determine the relationship of fly particulate concentration (PM 10) houses and the indication of respiratory tract problem on infant and baby. The subject was mothers that having infant and baby (0 month - 59 months). Study design used cross-sectional, with the sample 100 families who's having infant and baby randomly sampling that spread out at three villages. Out of 15 variables that submitted, the fact only 7 variables that proved significantly relationship with incident of respiratory tract problem on infant and baby. The factor that the most dominant related to incident of respiratory tract problem on infant and baby was house ventilation. The result of analyses on final model showed that the factor that all together related to incident of respiratory tract problem on infant and baby were type of wall, ventilation, there was smoker and using baked mosquito drug. The head of Local Health Service of Ogan Komering Ilir District is suggested it needs an education that addresses on house environmental health aspect that consist of house ventilation and habit of smoking. It is recommended to people at the villages, especially Inderalaya Sub-District to open the windows in the mornings and the habit not smoking closed to infant and baby.

Pneumonia is the major causes of death due to infection in children under five around the

world, especially in developing countries including Indonesia. Indoor air pollution is one

of the risk factors that increased the incidence of pneumonia besides individual factors

and infections. This study aimed to determine the relationship between indoor PM2,5 with

the incidence of pneumonia in children under five. This was an analytic observational

study with case control design. The sample study was 78 children under five selected

from working area of Puskesmas Citeureup consisted of 26 cases and 52 controls. The

data were collected by mini particle counter and a set of questionnaire, analyzed by chi

square and multiple logistic regression. The results showed that nutritional status

(OR=12.14; 95% CI: 1.33 to 110.29), immunization status (OR=5.51; 95% CI: 1.82 to

16.69), exclusive breastfeeding (OR=3.89; 95% CI: 1.27 to 11.88), ventilation (OR=4.09;

95% CI: 1.43 to 11.75), and smoking habits at home (OR=4.09; 95% CI: 1.51 to 11.12)

associated with the incidence of pneumonia. Indoor PM2.5 were associated with

pneumonia in children under five (aOR=4,092; 95%CI: 1.08 to 15.45) after being

controlled by immunization status, exclusive breastfeeding, ventilation and smoking

habits at home.

Penyakit berbasis lingkungan seperti ISPA, diare, dan infeksi kulit masih banyak ditemukan di lingkungan dengan sanitasi buruk dan kebersihan diri yang rendah, termasuk di Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak (LPKA). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara personal hygiene, kondisi sanitasi lingkungan, dan kepadatan hunian dengan kejadian penyakit berbasis lingkungan pada warga binaan LPKA Kelas II Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional. Sampel berjumlah 31 orang dan diambil dengan teknik total sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dan observasi, serta dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan signifikan antara lama masa tinggal dengan kejadian penyakit berbasis lingkungan, diare, dan ISPA (p≤0,05). Disarankan adanya peningkatan edukasi terkait kebersihan diri dan perbaikan sanitasi lingkungan di LPKA guna menurunkan risiko penyakit.

Environmental-based diseases are often found in environments with poor sanitation and low personal hygiene, including in Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak (LPKA). This study aims to examine the relationship between personal hygiene, environmental sanitation conditions, and housing density with the incidence of environmentally based diseases among the residents of LPKA Kelas II Jakarta. This research employed a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 31 participants selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaires and observation, and analyzed using the chi-square test. The results showed a significant relationship between length of stay and the incidence of environmentally based diseases, including diarrhea and acute respiratory infections (p≤0.05). It is recommended to enhance education on personal hygiene and improve environmental sanitation in LPKA to reduce disease risk.