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Fumigasi adalah suatu kegiatan memasukkan/melepaskan pestisida (fumigan) kedalam ruangan tertutup/kedap udara selama waktu tertentu dengan tujuan untuk membasmi tikus dan serangga sebagai vektor penyebab penyakit menular. Pekerjaan fumigasi merupakan upaya yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah dalam program pemberantasan vektor dikapal dan pesawat dengan menggunakan fumigant methyl bromide. Dari revew 542 literatur (Budnik et al., Environmental Health 2012), termasuk in vitro dan studi epidemiologi pajanan untuk studi epidemiologi pestisida methyl hidrokarbon, terutama efek beracun (kronik) atau karsinogenik dari penggunaan methyl bromide antara tahun 1990-2011, ditemukan 91 kasus toksisitas methyl bromide dan 29 menggunakan istilah ?karsinogenik, neoplastik atau mutagenik".
Tiga studi epidemiologi dievaluasi, menilai suatu kemungkinan hubungan antara kanker dan methyl bromide. Methyl bromide dianggap sebagai bahan karsinogen potensial di dasarkan pada penelitian terhadap hewan yang telah menunjukkan potensi karsinogenik dari senyawa ini (J. Donald Millar, M.D., D.T.P.H., NIOSH, 2003). Penelitian Saragih (2009), aktivasi kolinesterase darah pada petugas fumigasi kapal pada 66 responden, sebanyak 25,8% yang mempunyai tingkat aktivasi kolinesterase darah yang termasuk dalam kategori keracunan dan 74,2% mempunyai tingkat aktivasi kolinesterse darah. Data Kantor Kesehatan Pelabuhan Tanjung Pinang, 2012, didapat dua orang kasus terpajan methyl bromide dengan kerusakan kulit berat.
Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis tingkat resiko terpajan methyl bromide pada pekerja fumigasi kapal di wilayah Kantor Kesehatan Pelabuhan Batam dan Tanjung Pinang, tahun 2013. Analisis resiko dilakukan secara semi-kuantitatif berdasarkan Australian Standar/New Zealand Standar 4360 Risk Management yang terdiri dari nilai kemungkinan (Likehood), nilai dampak (consequence) sehingga diperoleh tingkat resiko (Level Of Risk) dengan cara analisa matrik W.T Fine. Dari hasil analisa matrik terhadap dua metode fumigasi tersebut ditentukanlah suatu prosedur atau kontrol dalam mencegah atau menanggulangi resiko bahaya fumigasi kapal.
Fumigation is an activity insert/release pesticide (fumigant) into a closed room/airtight during a certain time in order to eradicate rodents and insects as vectors of disease-causing infectious. Fumigation on ships and aircrafts has been programmed by government to eradicate vectors such as rodents and insects used the fumigants i.e. methyl bromide. Based on 542 of review literatures (Budnik et al, Environmental Health, 2012), including in vitro and epidemiological studies of pesticide exposure for epidemiological studies methyl hydrocarbon, especially toxic effects (chronic) at or carcinogenic methyl bromide of use between the years 1990 - 2011, found 91 cases of toxicity methyl bromide and 29 used in term ?carcinogenic, neoplastic or mutagenic?.
Then, three epidemiological studies evaluated, assessing a possible link between cancer and methyl bromide. Methyl bromide considered as a potential carcinogen based on animal studies that have demonstrated the carcinogenic potential of this compound. (J. Donald Millar, MD, DTPH, NIOSH, 2003). Saragih (2009) studied activation of blood cholinesterase ship fumigation officer on 66 respondents, 25.8% have blood cholinesterase levels of activation were included in the category of poisoning and the remaining 74.2% have an activation of blood cholinesterase. According the data in Tanjung Pinang Port Health Office, 2012, acquired two cases of methyl bromide exposed to severe skin damage.
In this dissertation aims to analyze the level of risk in workers exposed to methyl bromide fumigation of ships in the Port Health Office of Batam and Tanjung Pinang, in 2013. Risk analysis performed semi-quantitatively based on Australian Standard/New Zealand Standard 4360 Risk Management consisting of the value of probability (likelihood), the value of impact (consequence) in order to obtain the level of risk analysis by matrix WT Fine. Based on the analysis of the matrix for two methods of fumigation were revealed a procedure or control in preventing or overcoming hazards ship fumigation.
This study describes how the knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of the Soekarno Hatta Class I Port Health Office employees apply health protocols, especially the Soekarno Hatta Class I Port Health Office is the front guard and guard against diseases that do not enter a region or country, and Class I Port Health Office employees I Soekarno Hatta is one of the groups at risk. This research is a type of quantitative descriptive research that aims to describe or describe health problems that occur in a particular community or community (Sugiyono, 2017). The application of the health protocol to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 was measured based on several variables of the Soekarno Hatta Class I Port Health Office employees by collecting data at one time. This study aims to describe or describe the implementation of the COVID-19 health protocol by employees of the Soekarno Hatta Class I Port Health Office. Based on univariate results obtained with the results of employee behavior in implementing health protocols to prevent COVID-19 having the following results, behavior in implementing health protocols is good (56.2%) and behavior in implementing health protocols is not good (43.8%), employee knowledge in implementing health protocols for preventing COVID-19 has the following results, knowledge of applying health protocols is high (84.3%) and knowledge of implementing health protocols is less low (15.7%). In the attitude of employees regarding the application of health protocols to prevent COVID-19, the results were as follows, and attitudes regarding the implementation of health protocols were positive (52.9%) and attitudes regarding the implementation of health protocols were negative (47.1%). The results of the study suggest to carry out socialization to all employees related to the benefits if we apply health protocols to avoid COVID-19 disease
This research is an analytical study of Public Health Emergency ofInternational Concern Preparedness in Port Health Office using quantitative anqualitative approaches. The purpose of this study is to assess Public HealthEmergency of International Concern Preparedness of Tanjung Priok Port HealthOffice in 2017 based on IHR (2005) and Indonesian quarantine regulation.Population of this study is Tanjung Priok Port Health Office in general. Ten officersare chosen with purposive and snowball samping to be this study informants. Thedata were collected from self-administered PHEIC preparedness assessment filled byinstitutional representative and in-depth interview results (primary data), as well as2014-2016 Tanjung Priok Port Health Office Yearly Reports (secondary data). Thisstudy was conducted on April-June of 2017. Complience rate in Tanjung Priok PortHealth Office is rated excellence (CR=95,86%), although there are 8 items that donot meet the PHEIC preparedness standard, such as quarantine speedboat; quarantinespeedboat motorist with ANT-V sertificate; psychologist; refraction, audiometry, andspirometry experts; and hemocytometer. Quarantine and epidemiologic surveillanceactivities in port of entry have been done 100 %. The researcher suggests that thereshould be an improvement in Port Health Office facilities and human resourcesneeded for PHEIC preparedness.Key words:Port Health Office, PHEIC, port of entry, epidemiologic surveillance, quarantine.