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Volcanic eruptions are a frequent natural disaster in Indonesia, with Mount Semeru being one of the most active volcanoes. Eruptions induce changes in the environment, microclimate, and air quality. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between climate variations and the incidence of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) in Malang and Lumajang Regencies, areas affected by the Mount Semeru eruption on December 4, 2022. Observational data on climate and air quality from the BMKG (Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics) and ARI incidence data from local health departments, spanning August 2022 to March 2023, were utilized. This ecological study employed correlation analysis as its methodological approach. The highest proportion of ARI was observed in Pronojiwo District (5.1%), while the highest number of ARI cases was recorded in Dampit District (3,005 cases). All variables in the study did not demonstrate a statistically significant relationship with ARI incidence (p-value > 0.05). However, the correlation coefficients indicated weak to moderate correlations: mean air temperature (r = 0.155), minimum temperature (r = -0.038), Diurnal Temperature Range (DTR) (r = -0.046), maximum temperature (r = -0.315), rainfall (r = -0.024), relative humidity (r = -0.188), duration of sunshine (r = 0.186), and PM2.5 concentration (r = 0.192). The potential correlation between climate and air quality variables and ARI incidence warrants consideration for future research.
Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa jenis atap (OR: 2,79; 95% CI: 1,36-5,69), ventilasi (OR: 2,60; 95%CI: 1,39-4,84), kepadatan hunian (OR: 2,14; 95% CI: 1,07-4,28), dan asap bahan bakar memasak(OR: 4,14; 95% CI: 1,56-10,9) memiliki hubungan yang kuat terhadap ISPA. Jadi, ada hubunganantara kondisi rumah, kepadatan hunian dan pajanan asap terhadap kejadian ISPA pada Balitasetelah dikontrol oleh variabel kovariat.
Kata kunci:ISPA, Faktor Lingkungan, Balita, Kebakaran Hutan
Asap rokok merupakan salah satu polutan dalam ruangan yang mengandung 4.000 jenis bahan kimia yang dapat membahayakan kesehatan tubuh. Asap rokok tidak hanya berbahaya bagi kesehatan orang yang merokok tetapi juga bagi orang- orang di sekitarya. Anak-anak merupakan kelompok yang berisiko. Dampak yang ditimbulkan dari asap rokok temebut salah satunya adalah gangguan saluran pcrnafasan, yaitu ISPA dan gangguan fungsi paru. Prevalensi orang merokok dari tahun ke tahun meningkat yang berarti prevalensi perokok pasifjuga meningkat. Berdasarkan survei yang dilakukan Badan Litbangkes tahun 2002, anak-anak umur 0-14 tahun merupakan kclompok berisiko yang paling banyak. Berdasarkan data dari Puskesmas Kelurahan Grogol mcnujukkan bahwa ISPA menempati urutan pertama dibandingkan penyakit Iainnya dan data tcntang gangguan fungsi paru belum tersedia di Kelurahan Grogol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi mengenai hubungan antara pajanan asap rokok di rumah dengan kejadian ISPA dan gangguan fungsi paru sehingga menjadi informasi yang bermanfaat untuk memutuskan strategi mcngatasi dampak asap rokok terhadap kesehatan. Penelitian ini bcrsifat deskriptif analilik dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional, yang dilakukan terhadap anak SD kelas IV dan V di Kelurahan Grogol denganjumlah sampcl 174 responcien. Respondcn merupakan siswa yang sehat pada saat dilakukan pcngukuran fimgsi paru dan tidak mengalami penyakit TB paru, asma dan bronkhitis. Variabel independen yang diteliti adalah pajanan asap rokok jumlah perokok, jumlah konsumsi rokok per hari dan waklu merokok) karakteristik reponden (jcnis kelamin dan status gizi), lingkungan rumah (kepadatan rumah, ventilasi, jenis lantai, jenis dinding dan kelembaban rumah) dan aktifitas rumah (bahan bakar memasak dan penggunaan anti nyamuk) sedangkan variabel dependen adalah [SPA dan gangguan fungsi paru. Pengukuran gangguan fungsi paru responden dilakukan dengan menggunakan spirometri. Sedangkan pengambilan data variabel independen pajanan asap rokok, karakteristik responden, Iingkungan rumah dan aktifitas rumah dengan kuisioner yang diisi oleh orangtua rcspondcn. Kunjungan ke rumah responden dilakukan untuk pengukuran data kelembaban dan ventilasi rumah Serta konfirmasi jawaban kuisioner melalui wawancara kepada orang tua responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi ISPA 67,8% sedangkan prevalensi gangguan fungsi paru anak SD di Kelurahan Grogol sebesar 20,7% dengan prevalcnsi restriksi 5,2% dan prevalensi obstruksi l4,9% Serta restriksi dan obstruksi sebmar 0,57%. Jumlah perokok dan penggunaan bahan hakar memasak terbukti bermakna lerhadap ISPA dan variabcl yang dominan mempcngaruhi ISPA adalah penggunaan bahan bakar memasak dcngan OR 2,735. Sedangkan variabel jenis kelamin terbukti bermakna terhadap gangguan fungsi paru dengan OR 2,|67. Perlu penelitian lebih Ianjut dengan jumlah sampel yang Iebih banyak dengan mengikuti perjalanan pajanan asap rokok dan variabel lainnya terhadap reponden (studi kohort) sehingga dapat diketahui pengaruh dari pajanan asap rokok dengan kejadian ISPA dan gangguan fungsi paru.
Volcanic eruptions impact the health and quality of life of people living in disaster areas, especially adolescents. Social capital is a potential resource for improving adolescents’s health-related quality of life. This study aimed to determine the relationship between social capital and health-related quality of life among adolescents affected by the eruption of Mount Sinabung, Karo Regency, North Sumatra Province. This study is a mixed-methods study with an embedded sequential design. A qualitative study (phase 1) provides a secondary supporting role in the main quantitative study (phase 2), which is then followed by a qualitative study (phase 3) to explain the findings in the main quantitative research. Quantitative research using a cross-sectional design. Health-related quality of life was measured using the Pediatric Quality of Life InventoryTM (PedsQLTM) version 4.0 questionnaire on 318 respondents aged 10-18 years using a simple random sampling technique. Quantitative data were analyzed using Cox Regression. Qualitative approach using a Rapid Assessment Procedure (RAP) design. Qualitative data were collected through observation, focus group discussions (FGDs), and in-depth interviews. The results showed that the proportion of poor health-related quality of life was 45.4%. The proportion of adolescents with low individual social capital was 69.4% and low community social capital was 47.4%. Individual social capital was associated with health-related quality of life (PR = 2,224; 95% CI 1,424-2,473), while community social capital was not a risk factor for adolescents' health-related quality of life (PR = 1,017; 95% CI 0,601-1,721). This quantitative finding is supported by the qualitative finding that individual-level social capital that contributes to poor quality of life in adolescents includes the unfulfilled sense of security from the eruption of Mount Sinabung in adolescents who are not relocated and adolescents need a sense of protection from crime; unpleasant experiences while living in temporary refugee camps; lack of familiarity with fellow community members since living in relocation; low participation of adolescents in organizations due to low transportation accessibility; and obligations that become a burden for adolescents, especially adolescents who are not relocated. Although community social capital is not a risk factor for adolescents' health quality of life, it qualitatively plays a role in adolescents' health quality of life, such as adolescents' parents utilizing membership in economic organizations for adolescents' education expenses and the use of public spaces such as sports fields and jambur by adolescents in government relocations that provide opportunities for adolescents to interact socially with their peers and the surrounding community. Based on this study's findings, local governments should be able to utilize and strengthen social capital at both the individual and community levels to improve the quality of life of disaster-affected adolescent health by considering the type of relocation and age group.
Malaria masih merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan di Kalimantan Barat, terutama di daerah pedesaan yang di lingkungannya terdapat genangan air yang berpotensi sebagai tempat perindukan nyamuk Anopheles. Di Kecamatan Mandor sebagian masyarakat bekerja di hutan, baik sebagai penebang kayu maupun penambang emas, penyadap getah, dan petani. Para pekerja ini sebagain besar ada yang menginap di hutan, dengan alasan efisiensi waktu atau karena jarak yang relatif jauh dari pemukiman sehingga akan berisiko untuk terkena gigitan nyamuk. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengestimasi berapa besar risiko pekerja terhadap kejadian malaria setelah diperhitungkan faktor tempat perindukan nyamuk, dan mengestimasi besar risiko pekerja terhadap kejadian malaria berdasarkan pemakaian kelambu, pemakaian obat anti nyamuk, penggunaan repelen, dan cara berpakain saat keluar rumah/ pondok tempat tinggal pada malam hari. Penelitian ini bersifat kuantitatif (observasional) dengan pendekatan studi kasus kontrol. Hasil uji pengetahuan tentang gejala sakit malaria, penyakit malaria oleh gigitan nyamuk, tahu cara penularan malaria, tahu tempat perindukan nyamuk, tahu cara pencegahan malaria, dan tahu malaria dapat diobati ternyata tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna dengan kejadian malaria. Hasil penelitian ini responden yang menginap dihutan didapat OR=3,06 (95% CI 1,66-5,61), setelah dikontrol dengan pemakaian kelambu OR--=4,53 (95% CI 2,31-8,90), setelah dikontrol dengan variabel pemakaian obat anti nyamuk OR-5,00 (95% CI 2,44-10,25), dan setelah dikontrol dengan variabel bila keluar rumah pada malam hari memakai pakaian tertutup OR=4,19 (95% CI 1,82-9,64), kemudian dikontrol dengan variabel ada tempat perindukan nyamuk OR=1,96 (95% CI 0,77-4,95). Ada hubungan pekerja yang menginap di hutan OR-3,06, pemakaian kelambu OR=4,29 pemakaian obat anti nyamuk O1 4,42, kebiasaan keluar rumah pada malam hari memakai pakaian tertutup OR=3,14, ada tempat perindukan nyamuk OR=4,12, pekerjaan berisiko OR 5,66 dengan kejadian malaria. Perlu ditingkatkan frekuensi penyuluhan oleh petugas Puskesmas Mandor tentang perlindungan diri dari gigitan nyamuk, agar dapat menunjang program pemberantasan malaria, dan penyebar luasan leaflet atau poster dalam bahasa setempat agar mudah dipahami, dan pemberian ikan pemakan jentik di rawa-rawa dengan maksud mengurangi populasi jentik
Malaria still belongs to a problem health in West Borneo, especially in villages possessing water stagnated environment which is potential for breeding of anopheles mosquito. In the county of Mandor, a part of people work in the forest, as tree faller or gold miner, rubber taper, and farmer. Due to the time efficiency or because of the long distance from the residential place, most of these workers lodge in the forest, so they are risky to be bitten by mosquito. The objectives of the research were to estimate the risk scale of the workers toward malaria cases after considering of mosquito breeding place, and to estimate scale of risk of the workers toward malaria cases based on the usage of mosquito net, usage of mosquito spray, usage of mosquito repellent, and the mode of dressed when they leaving the house in the night. This was a quantitative observational research using control study case approach. Based on statistical test, there was no significant correlation between malaria cases with knowledge of the symptoms of malaria, how malaria be infected, knowledge that malaria can be cured. The results of the research showed that respondents lodging in the forest OR= 3.06 (95% CI 1.66-5.61), after adjusted use mosquito net OR 4,53 (95% CI 2,31-8,90), after adjusted variable use mosquito spray OR--5,04 (95% CI 2,44-10,25), and after adjusted with variable Going out of home in the night wearing closed clothes OR-4,19 (95% CI 1,82-9,64), and then adjusted with variable availability of mosquito breeding place OR=1,96 (95% CI 0,77-4,95). There is correlation between malaria cases with workers lodging in the forest OR=3.06, usage of mosquito net OR=4.29, usage of mosquito spray OR-=4.42, habit going out of home in the night OR=4.13, wearing closed clothes when going out of home in the night OR=3.14, availability of mosquito breeding place OR= 4.12, and risky job OR=5.66. The frequency of illumination about self protection from the bites of mosquito held by Puskesmas officers should be increased in order to support the malaria elimination program and spreading of leaflets or posters in local language to ease the understanding, and spreading of mosquito larva consuming fish in the swamps to reduce the population of mosquito larva.
Kata kunci:ASI Eksklusif, Perkembangan, Suspek Terhambat, Anak Usia 12 bulan
The children development in golden period is very important because determinequality of individu especially in the first year. Based on WHO data, more than 200millions children in developing countries had developmental delay risk. In Beiji,the prevalence of developmental delay 9,7%. Exclusive breastfeeding as a factorof developmental delay. In Musi Banyuasin regency, the prevalence of exclusivebreastfeeding is 56,3%. This study purposes is to analyze the relationship betweenhistory of exclusive breastfeeding and suspected delayed development among 12months infants. Besides, we had done qualitative methode among 11 informans tomining the deeply knowing of mom about relationship of exclusive breasfeedingto infant development. This study used cross sectional design involved 320sample (infants) at 19 Puskesmas in Musi Banyuasin Regency. The result showedthat the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and developmental delayamong infants was PR adjusted 1,932 (95% CI: 0,719-5,186). Furthermore, studyfound that mostly moms had known that exclusive breastfeeding related to infantdevelopment, but feeding tradition from grand mothers were play as a role factorin practicing exclusive breastfeeding among mothers.
Keywords:Exclusive Breastfeeding, Development, Suspected Delayed, 12 Months Infants
