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Benzene high exposure in working is environment always connected tohematology disorders. This is caused by hematology system is the most criticaltarget network toward benzene exposure through inhaling route. This study aimsto analyze the relation between urinary and leukocytes S-PMA level of informalshoes industrial workers exposed to benzene. This study uses cross sectionaldesign in six informal shoes industries which are located in Cibaduyut with thenumber of sample of 64 workers. Urinary and blood samples are collected on eachsample to measure urinary S-PMA level and the number of leukocytes. Urinary S-PMA level is measured using Automated Hematology Analyzer. Individualcharacteristic data are obtained through direct interview. To measure benzeneconcentration, secondary data of previous study is used. The result of the studyindicates that there is significant correlation between S-PMA level withleukocytes (p value: 0.048) and urinary S-PMA level with the type of job (p value:0.004). By 31.3% workers have urinary S-PMA level more than BEI ACGIH (>25μg/g creatinine). The higher the benzene concentration of indoor air, the moreworkers have urinary S-PMA level > 25 μg/g creatinine. The result of doublelinear regression test finds that there is association tendency between urinary andleukocytes S-PMA level, after it is controlled by type of job, time of work perday, and exercising habit variables. It can be concluded that there is associationbetween urinary S-PMA level and the number of leukocytes decrease.Keywords: benzene, S-phenylmercapturid acid, leukocytes, informal shoesindustries
ABSTRAK Nama : Bayu Rizki Sanjaya Program Studi : Magister Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat Judul : Asosiasi Pajanan Benzene Terhadap Kadar Hemoglobin (Studi Pada Pekerja Laki-Laki Di Industri Sepatu Informal Cibaduyut, Jawa Barat) xvi + 85 halaman, 16 tabel, 9 gambar Benzene merupakan senyawa yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan. Dampak nonkarsinogenik yang diakibatkan diantaranya anemia dan pensitopenia. Pada pajanan benzene ditingkat rendah, menunjukkan adanya perbedaan dampak hematologi. Kadar hemoglobin merupakan salah satu parameter awal yang digunakan untuk mengetahui dampak hematologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengtahui asosiasi pajanan benzene terhadap kadar hemoglobin. hasil penelitian. Metode penelitian. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional. Pemilihan sampel mengggunakan cluster satu tingkat. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 71 pekerja laki-laki responden. Pengukuran benzene menggunakan metode NIOSH 1501, pemeriksaan kadar hemoglobin menggunakan automated hematlogy analyzer. Lama kerja, usia, status merokok, konsumsi alkohol dan riwayat infeksi diukur menggunakan kuesioner Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata pajanan benzene adalah 0,34 ppm dan kadar hemoglobin pekerja laki-laki adalah15,34 ± 1,14 g/dL. Berdasarkan analisis statistik, rata-rata kadar hemoglobin pajanan benzene ≤ 0,50 ppm adalah 15.15 g/dL (95% CI : 14.80 - 15.50) dan pada pajanan benzene 0,51 – 1 ppm adalah g/dL 15.55 (95% CI : 15.19 - 15.91). Pekerja dengan lama kerja lebih dari 6 tahun memiliki kadar hemoglobin lebih rendah 0,7 g/dL (95% CI: -1.32 s.d. -0.13) dibandingkan pekerja dengan lama kerja kurang dari 6 tahun. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pajanan benzene di bawah 1 ppm tidak ada asosiasi yang signifikan terhadap kadar hemoglobin, namun pekerja terdapat indikasi bahwa durasi pajanan yang diukur dengan lama kerja berasosiasi dengan penurunan hemoglobin. Kata kunci: benzene, hemoglobin, pekerja laki-laki
ABSTRACT Name : Bayu Rizki Sanjaya Program of Study : Master of Public Health Title of Thesis : Association of benzene exposures and hemoglobin (Study among the footware male workers in Cibaduyut West Java) xvi + 85 pages, 16 tables, 9 pictures Benzene is one of the chemical substances which can cause some health effect. Noncarcinogenics effect can caused by benzene is anemia and pancytopenia. Benzene at lower concentrations have is conflicting evidence on potential hematological effects. Hemoglobin is one of hematological paramaters of hematological effects. The purpose of this study to explain association benzene exposure and effect of hemoglobin. Cross sectional study design was used, and 71 male workers selected by cluster random sampling. Benzene measurement used NIOSH 1501 method and hemoglobin measurement used by automated hematalogy analyzer. Confounding factors such as work duration, age, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and history of infection measurements by questionnares. The results showed that means of benzene exposure is 0,34 ppm and means of hemoglobin is 15,34 ± 1,14 g/dL. Statistical analysis showed that means of hemoglobin at benzene exposure ≤ 0,50 ppm is 15.15 g/dL (95% CI : 14.80 - 15.50) and means of hemoglobin at benzene exposure 0,51 - 1 ppm is 15.55 g/dL (95% CI : 15.19 - 15.91). Male-workers that work duration more than 6 yearshave decreased of hemoglobin 0,7 g/dL (95% CI: -1.32 s.d. -0.13). The conclution is benzene exposure below 1 ppm statistically not association with hemoglobin. However long-time exposure of benzene that measure with work duration statistically significant with decreased of hemoglobin. Keywords: benzene, hemoglobin, male workers
Indonesia is the fifth largest country with shoe industri in the world, the biggest after China, India, Vietnam and Brazil. Shoe assembly using adhesives or glue that contain volatile organic compounds (such as benzene, toluene and xylen) with benzene content in the glue is known to reach 2%. Benzene can enter imperfectly rapidly into the human body and animals through inhalation exposure, human benzene exposure is shown to be associated with various acute and severe diseases including cancer and aplastic anemia. In addition, benzene and its metabolites are also proven in increased oxidative stress seen from increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased antioxidants in the body. This study aims to identify benzene concentrations in the air of the workplace and the relationship between benzene in the body through measurement of S-Phenylmercapturic Acid (S-PMA) biomarkers against oxidative stress through measurement of MDA plasma level of sandal / shoe workers.This study used cross-sectional study on ten shoe workshops in Desa Sukajaya , Kecamatan Tamansari, Kabupaten Bogor from March to May 2018. The number of samples as much as 64 workers taken by total sampling method. The results showed an average concentration of benzene in the air of the workplace is still under the treshold value which determined by Peraturan Menteri Tenaga Kerja No. 13 Year 2011 (0.002066 ppm) and there are no significant relationship between concentrations of S-PMA in urine against the levels of MDA blood plasma. Meanwhile, there is a significant relationship between exercise habit variables against blood plasma MDA level but no significant relationship between variable length of work, smoking status, coffee consumption, and BMI of workers againist blood plasma MDA levels of workers.The concentration of benzene is still below the treshold limit but should be minimized because benzene is a carcinogenic substance that can accumulate in the body so that the preventive action such as improvement of ventilation, regulation of working hours, and a prohibition on smoking at work should be applied.
