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Nur Hikmah Oktavianti; Pembimbing: Laila Fitria; Penguji: Budi Hartono, Nanik Sri Rokhmani
Abstrak:
Pada pertambangan emas rakyat, akan terjadi pencemaran air raksa akibat proses pengolahan emas secara amalgamasi yang akan mempengaruhi kesehatan, disamping kerusakan alam lain seperti kerusakan bentang alam, erosi dan pendangkalan sungai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besaran risiko kesehatan akibat pajanan merkuri pada air yang dikonsumsi oleh penduduk di wilayah pertambangan emas skala kecil, Desa Lebaksitu, Kecamatan Lebakgedong , Kabupaten Lebak. Untuk menghitung besarnya risiko dilakukan sampling sebanyak 7 titik yang tersebar di 3 dusun dan dilakukan survey antropometri serta wawancara terhadap 72 penduduk yang tinggal di lokasi penelitian. Dari hasil pengukuran didapatkan nilai konsentrasi yang sama pada setiap sampel yaitu 0,0004 mg/L. Nilai RQ tertinggi jatuh pada responden dengan nilai 5.6522 dan nilai RQ terendah ada pada responden di Lebakpari dengan nilai RQ 0.2483.
Kata kunci: Analisis Risiko, Merkuri, Pertambangan Emas Skala Kecil
In gold mining, mercury pollution will occur due to the processing of gold amalgamation that will affect the health, in addition to other environmental damage such as damage to the landscape, erosion and silting of the river. This study aims to determine the amount of the health risks from exposure to mercury in water consumed by residents in the area of small-scale gold mining, the village Lebaksitu, Lebakgedong subdistrict, Lebak. To calculate the amount of risk sampling as much as 7 point spread in 3 hamlets and performed anthropometric survey and interviews with 72 people living at the sites. From the measurement results obtained concentration values were the same in each sample was 0.0004 mg / L. The highest RQ score is 5.6522 and the lowest RQ values exist among respondents in Lebakpari with RQ value 0.2483.
Keyword: Risk Assessment, Mercury, Artisanal Small Scale Gold Mining
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Kata kunci: Analisis Risiko, Merkuri, Pertambangan Emas Skala Kecil
In gold mining, mercury pollution will occur due to the processing of gold amalgamation that will affect the health, in addition to other environmental damage such as damage to the landscape, erosion and silting of the river. This study aims to determine the amount of the health risks from exposure to mercury in water consumed by residents in the area of small-scale gold mining, the village Lebaksitu, Lebakgedong subdistrict, Lebak. To calculate the amount of risk sampling as much as 7 point spread in 3 hamlets and performed anthropometric survey and interviews with 72 people living at the sites. From the measurement results obtained concentration values were the same in each sample was 0.0004 mg / L. The highest RQ score is 5.6522 and the lowest RQ values exist among respondents in Lebakpari with RQ value 0.2483.
Keyword: Risk Assessment, Mercury, Artisanal Small Scale Gold Mining
S-9246
Depok : FKM UI, 2016
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Jonatan Oktoris Simanjuntak; Pembimbing: Rahman; Penguji: Budi Hartono, Randy Novirsa
S-9073
Depok : FKM UI, 2016
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Nurul Hidayah Nasution; Pembimbing: Rachmadhi Purwana; Penguji: I Made Djaja, Budi Hartono, Sonny Priajaya Warouw, Miko Hananto
Abstrak:
Merkuri (Hydragyrum) adalah logam berat berbahaya yang terbentuksecara alamiah dan aktivitas manusia dapat menimbulkan pencemaran lingkungandan gangguan kesehatan pada manusia. Dampak merkuri yaitu keracunan akut(gangguan pada alat pencernaan, kulit dan saraf) dan kronis (tremor danparkinsonisme). Saat ini pencemaran logam berat merupakan ancaman yang besarbagi lingkungan sehingga harus dikendalikan keberadaannya agar tidakmelampaui batas.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keracunan merkuri terkaitkonsumsi ikan pada masyarakat di kawasan pertambangan emas skala kecil(PESK) Desa Lebaksitu Kecamatan Lebakgedong Kabupaten Lebak ProvinsiBanten.Jenis penelitian analitik, desain penelitian cross sectional. Variabel terukuradalah konsumsi ikan, karakteristik responden dan kadar merkuri pada rambut.Populasi penelitian adalah masyarakat Desa Lebaksitu dan sampel berjumlah 60orang. Data dianalisis dengan uji chi-square, mann-whitney dan regresi logistik.Hasil Penelitian, prevalensi kejadian keracunan merkuri pada masyarakatsebesar 51,7%, konsumsi ikan masyarakat (konsumsi tinggi) 55%. Konsumsiikan, usia, jenis pekerjaan, lama tinggal, jarak rumah dan sumber air minumberhubungan signifikan terhadap keracunan merkuri. Sedangkan jenis kelamindan status merokok tidak berhubungan signifikan terhadap keracunan merkuridengan sumber air minum sebagai faktor risiko dominan yang dapatmempengaruhi konsumsi ikan terhadap kejadian keracunan merkuri (OR =14,693, 95% CI=1,818-118,769).Kata kunci : Ikan, Merkuri, Rambut
Mercury (Hydragyrum) is a harmful heavy metal naturally occurring andhuman activities, can cause environmental pollution and health problems inhumans. The impact of mercury poisoning are acute (disorders of the digestivesystem, skin and nerves) and chronic (tremor and parkinsonism). Currently heavymetal pollution is a major threat to the environment and should be controlled so asnot to exceed the limits of its existence.This research aims to knowing mercury poisoning related to consumptionof fish to the community in the area of small-scale gold mining (SSGM) DesaLebaksitu Kecamatan Lebakgedong Kabupaten Lebak Provinsi Banten.Type of research was analitic, cross-sectional study design. Measurementof the consumption of fish, the characteristics of respondent and mercury levels inhair. The population research is the community Desa Lebaksitu and a sample of60 people. Data were analyzed by chi-square test, mann-whitney and logisticregression.The result showed, the prevalence of mercury poisoning in the communityof 51.7%, consumption rate (high consumption) 55%. Consumption of fish, age,occupation, length of stay, distance from the house and the source of drinkingwater were significant correlation to mercury poisoning. While Smoking and sexcorrelation insignificant toward mercury poisoning. Source of drinking water isthe most dominant risk factors that may affect the consumption of fish againstmercury poisoning (OR = 14,693, 95% CI=1,818-118,769).
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Mercury (Hydragyrum) is a harmful heavy metal naturally occurring andhuman activities, can cause environmental pollution and health problems inhumans. The impact of mercury poisoning are acute (disorders of the digestivesystem, skin and nerves) and chronic (tremor and parkinsonism). Currently heavymetal pollution is a major threat to the environment and should be controlled so asnot to exceed the limits of its existence.This research aims to knowing mercury poisoning related to consumptionof fish to the community in the area of small-scale gold mining (SSGM) DesaLebaksitu Kecamatan Lebakgedong Kabupaten Lebak Provinsi Banten.Type of research was analitic, cross-sectional study design. Measurementof the consumption of fish, the characteristics of respondent and mercury levels inhair. The population research is the community Desa Lebaksitu and a sample of60 people. Data were analyzed by chi-square test, mann-whitney and logisticregression.The result showed, the prevalence of mercury poisoning in the communityof 51.7%, consumption rate (high consumption) 55%. Consumption of fish, age,occupation, length of stay, distance from the house and the source of drinkingwater were significant correlation to mercury poisoning. While Smoking and sexcorrelation insignificant toward mercury poisoning. Source of drinking water isthe most dominant risk factors that may affect the consumption of fish againstmercury poisoning (OR = 14,693, 95% CI=1,818-118,769).
T-4796
Depok : FKM UI, 2016
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Gestafiana; Pembimbing: Budi Hartono, Ema Hermawati; Penguji: Laila Fitria, Miko Hananto, Didi Purnama
Abstrak:
Otak merupakan target utama pajanan merkuri yang dapat mengganggu organ lain karena merkuri organik merupakan neurotoksik yaitu racun terhadap sistem saraf pusat terutama pada bagian korteks dan serebellum sehingga dapat menimbulkan gangguan keseimbangan tubuh. Salah satu sumber pencemaran terbesar merkuri berasal dari pertambangan emas skala kecil (PESK) yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kadar merkuri dalam rambut terhadap gangguan keseimbangan tubuh pada masyarakat terpajan merkuri. Desain studi yang digunakan adalah cross sectional, pemilihan sampel menggunakan sistem teknik total sampel dengan data kadar merkuri dalam rambut menggunakan data sekunder penelitian sebelumnya. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 58 responden. Pengukuran gangguan keseimbangan tubuh menggunakan tes Romberg. Hubungan antara kadar merkuri rambut, gangguan keseimbangan tubuh dan karakteristik individu (umur, pekerjaan, lama tinggal, indeks massa tubuh dan konsumsi ikan) diuji menggunakan regresi logistik, chi square dan independen t test. Hasil menunjukkan kadar merkuri rambut yang melebihi batas normal > 2 ppm sebanyak 31 orang (53,4%) dan yang mengalami gangguan keseimbangan tubuh pada masyarakat sebanyak 37 orang (63,8%). Secara statistik terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kadar merkuri rambut dengan gangguan keseimbangan tubuh dengan p value 0,010 sebanyak 25 orang (80,6%) responden dengan kadar merkuri > 2 ppm mengalami gangguan keseimbangan tubuh. Responden dengan kadar merkuri > 2 ppm, berisiko mempunyai gangguan keseimbangan tubuh sebesar 6 kali dibandingkan responden dengan kadar merkuri rambut ≤ 2 ppm setelah dikontrol variabel umur. Untuk penelitian berikutnya disarankan untuk melakukan pengukuran udara disekitar lokasi PESK sebagai referensi pajanan merkuri yang masuk melalui jalur inhalasi.
Brain is the main target of mercury exposure that can interface other organs because organic mercury is a neurotoxic that is toxic to the central nervous system, especially in the cortex and cerebellum so can cause disturbance of the body's balance. One of the largest sources of mercury contamination come from artisanal and small scale gold mining (ASGM) conducted by the community. This study aims to determine the relationship between levels of mercury in hair against body balance disorders in community exposed to mercury. This study used cross sectional design, sample selection used total sampling technique. Data of mercury levels in hair used secondary data from previous research. The number of samples in this study were 58 respondents. Measurement of body balance disorders using Romberg test.. The relationship between mercury level in hair, body balance disorders and individual characteristics (age, occupation, length of stay, body mass index and fish consumption) were tested using chi square, independent T test and logistic regression. The results showed hair mercury levels exceeded normal limits of> 2 ppm as many as 31 people (53.4%) and those with disturbance of body balance in community were 37 people (63.8%). Statistically, there was a significant correlation between hair mercury level with body balance disorder (p value 0.010), proved by as many as 25 people (80,6%) respondents with mercury level >2 ppm had disturbance of body balance. Respondents with mercury levels >2ppm, risk to have body balance disorders 6 times compared to respondents with mercury levels in hair ≤2ppm after controlled by age variable. For further research it is suggested to conduct airborne measurements around the ASGM location as a reference for mercury exposure which is enter through the inhalation pathway.
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Brain is the main target of mercury exposure that can interface other organs because organic mercury is a neurotoxic that is toxic to the central nervous system, especially in the cortex and cerebellum so can cause disturbance of the body's balance. One of the largest sources of mercury contamination come from artisanal and small scale gold mining (ASGM) conducted by the community. This study aims to determine the relationship between levels of mercury in hair against body balance disorders in community exposed to mercury. This study used cross sectional design, sample selection used total sampling technique. Data of mercury levels in hair used secondary data from previous research. The number of samples in this study were 58 respondents. Measurement of body balance disorders using Romberg test.. The relationship between mercury level in hair, body balance disorders and individual characteristics (age, occupation, length of stay, body mass index and fish consumption) were tested using chi square, independent T test and logistic regression. The results showed hair mercury levels exceeded normal limits of> 2 ppm as many as 31 people (53.4%) and those with disturbance of body balance in community were 37 people (63.8%). Statistically, there was a significant correlation between hair mercury level with body balance disorder (p value 0.010), proved by as many as 25 people (80,6%) respondents with mercury level >2 ppm had disturbance of body balance. Respondents with mercury levels >2ppm, risk to have body balance disorders 6 times compared to respondents with mercury levels in hair ≤2ppm after controlled by age variable. For further research it is suggested to conduct airborne measurements around the ASGM location as a reference for mercury exposure which is enter through the inhalation pathway.
T-4990
Depok : FKM UI, 2017
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Ira Putri Lan Lubis; Pembimbing: Laila Fitria, Bambang Wispriyono; Penguji: Abdur Rahman, Sonny P. Warouw, Didi Purnama
Abstrak:
Merkuri merupakan polutan global yang banyak ditemukan baik alam maupunhasil kegiatan manusia. Salah satu sumber pencemaran terbesar merkuri berasaldari pertambangan emas skala kecil (PESK) yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat.Mekanisme yang tepat dari efek toksik Hg masih belum jelas, namunmalondialdehide (MDA) merupakan salah satu biomarker utama yang digunakanuntuk mengetahui kejadian stres oksidatif akibat pajanan merkuri. Penelitian inibertujuan untuk menganalisis kejadian stres oksidatif melalui pengukuran MDAplasma darah pada masyarakat yang terpajan merkuri. Metode penelitian inimenggunakan desain cross sectional, pemilihan sampel menggunakan sistemrandom sampling. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 69 responden yangterdiri dari 18 laki-laki dan 51 perempuan. Pengukuran kadar total merkuri darahmenggunakan alat ICP-MS dan pemeriksaan kadar Malondialdehide denganmenggunakan TBARS. Usia, jenis kelamin, pekerjaan, status merokok danaktivitas fisik diukur menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata kadar merkuri dalam darah masyarakat adalah 11,09 μg/L dan kadar MDAadalah 0,419±0,130 nmol/ml. Berdasarkan uji statistik, kadar merkuri dalam darahmanunjukkan tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan terhadap peningkatan kadarMDA setelah dikontrol dengan usia, jenis kelamin, pekerjaan, status merokok danaktivitas fisik. Namun, orang dengan kadar merkuri dalam darah >5,8 μg/Lmemiliki risiko 1,27 kali lebih tinggi untuk mengalami stres oksidatif (dengankadar MDA >0,419 nmol/ml) dibanding orang dengan kadar merkuri darah < 5,8μg/L. Untuk penelitian berikutnya disarankan dengan mengukur biomarker stresoksidatif lainnya seperti Superoxyde dismutase (SOD) dan 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHDG).
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T-4774
Depok : FKM UI, 2016
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Iman Surahman; Pembimbing: Ririn Arminsih Wulandari; Penguji: Laila Fitria, Ema Hermawati, Inne Nutfiliana, Yulia Fitria Ningrum
Abstrak:
Penelitian analisis kadar merkuri dalam rambut dengan gangguan fungsi sistem saraf pusat bagi pekerja pertambangan emas, dilakukan untuk dapat memberikan referensi terkait dampak penggunaan merkuri dan penanggulangannya bagi kesehatan masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross sectional dengan menganalisis data sekunder dari Kementerian Kesehatan terhadap 119 sampel. Hasil pengukuran kadar merkuri dalam rambut pekerja, didapatkan 77,9% berada diatas normal, angka Nilai Indeks Pajanan Biologi yang dipersyarakatkan ≤ 3μg/g (ACGIH, 2005). Analisis kadar merkuri dalam rambut dengan gangguan fungsi sistem saraf pusat, secara perhitungan statistik menunjukan tidak ada hubungan signifikan, namun pekerja dengan kadar merkuri tinggi berisiko 3,12 kali,CI 95% (0,67 - 14,36) terhadap gangguan fungsi sistem saraf pusat. Analisis berbagai faktor konfounding, yaitu: Lama paparan, konsumsi sayur-buah, konsumsi ikan, penggunaan pestisida dan atau insektisida dan kebiasaan merokok, berdasarkan perhitungan statistik, hanya penggunaan pestisida secara konstan mempunyai hubungan diantara keduanya dan berisiko 3,97 kali, CI 95% (1,51 - 10,43) terhadap gangguan fungsi sistem saraf pusat. Hasil analisis multivariat, didapatkan responden dengan kadar merkuri dalam rambut tinggi, mempunyai risiko 2,82 kali lebih besar dengan CI 95% (0,595-13,379) untuk mengalami gangguan fungsi sistem saraf pusat setelah dikontrol variabel penggunaan pestisida. Pencegahan dan pengendalian dampak kesehatan akibat penggunaan merkuri perlu melibatkan berbagai pihak baik pemerintah, swasta dan masyarakat, melalui program eliminasi, subtitusi, pengendalian teknis dan administrasi.
Kata kunci: Merkuri, Gangguan Saraf, Pekerja
Research into the analysis of mercury levels in hair with impaired central nervous system function for gold mining workers, was conducted to provide a reference to the impact of mercury use and its prevention for public health. The method in this research use cross sectional design. This research used secondary data from Ministry of Health, with 119 miners as samples. The results of the measurement of mercury in the hair of workers, obtained 77.9% above normal, Biology Exposure Index value ≤ 3μg / g (ACGIH, 2005). Analysis of mercury levels in the hair with impaired function of the central nervous system, the statistical calculation showed no significant relationship, but workers with high mercury levels risked 3.12 times, 95% CI (0.67 - 14.36) against impaired functioning of the nervous system center. Analysis of various confounding factors, namely: Length of exposure, consumption of fruits, fish consumption, pesticide and or insecticide use and smoking habits, based on statistical calculations, only the use of pesticides has a constant relationship between them and 3.97 times risk, 95% (1.51 - 10.43) against impaired functioning of the central nervous system. The result of multivariate analysis, obtained by respondent with high mercury in hair, had 2.82 times greater risk with 95% CI (0,595-13,379) for impaired function of central nervous system after controlled variable of pesticide usage. Prevention and control of health impacts due to the use of mercury should involve various parties, government, private and public, through elimination, substitution, technical and administrative control programs.
Keywords: Mercury, Neurological Disorders, Workers
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Kata kunci: Merkuri, Gangguan Saraf, Pekerja
Research into the analysis of mercury levels in hair with impaired central nervous system function for gold mining workers, was conducted to provide a reference to the impact of mercury use and its prevention for public health. The method in this research use cross sectional design. This research used secondary data from Ministry of Health, with 119 miners as samples. The results of the measurement of mercury in the hair of workers, obtained 77.9% above normal, Biology Exposure Index value ≤ 3μg / g (ACGIH, 2005). Analysis of mercury levels in the hair with impaired function of the central nervous system, the statistical calculation showed no significant relationship, but workers with high mercury levels risked 3.12 times, 95% CI (0.67 - 14.36) against impaired functioning of the nervous system center. Analysis of various confounding factors, namely: Length of exposure, consumption of fruits, fish consumption, pesticide and or insecticide use and smoking habits, based on statistical calculations, only the use of pesticides has a constant relationship between them and 3.97 times risk, 95% (1.51 - 10.43) against impaired functioning of the central nervous system. The result of multivariate analysis, obtained by respondent with high mercury in hair, had 2.82 times greater risk with 95% CI (0,595-13,379) for impaired function of central nervous system after controlled variable of pesticide usage. Prevention and control of health impacts due to the use of mercury should involve various parties, government, private and public, through elimination, substitution, technical and administrative control programs.
Keywords: Mercury, Neurological Disorders, Workers
T-4889
Depok : FKM UI, 2017
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Galih Prakasiwi; Pembimbing: Ririn Arminsih, Zakianis; Penguji: Laila Fitria, Didik Supriyono, Carolina Rusdy Akib
T-4932
Depok : FKM UI, 2017
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Yuli Kristianingsih; Pembimbing: Umar Fahmi Achmadi, Budi Hartono; Penguji: Ema Hermawati, Miko Hananto, Didi Purnama
Abstrak:
Penambangan emas di Desa Lebaksitu Kabupaten Lebak adalah Pertambangan Emas Skala Kecil (PESK). Merkuri merupakan logam berat yang memiliki tingkat toksisitas tinggi di dalam tubuh. Hati sebagai bagian utama metabolisme dan akumulasi merkuri dalam tubuh manusia sehingga merkuri dapat menyebabkan kerusakan hati. Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT) merupakan penanda yang sensitif pada kerusakan hati karena enzim ini sumber utamanya di hati. Adanya peningkatan SGPT dapat digunakan sebagai biomarker enzim potensial untuk merkuri yang memicu terjadinya induced hepatotoxicosis yang pada akhirnya mempengaruhi kesehatan umum dengan mengubah fungsi dan struktur integritas hati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pajanan merkuri dalam darah terhadap fungsi hati dengan mengukur kadar SGPT pada masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross sectional. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei 2017 dengan populasi adalah warga yang bertempat tinggal di Desa Lebaksitu setelah menggunakan kriteria inklusi, dengan jumlah sampel 68 orang. Data penelitian diambil melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner dan pemeriksaan sampel darah untuk mengetahui kadar merkuri dalam darah dan kadar SGPT. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan 77,9% responden adalah bukan pengolah emas, yang sudah tinggal di desa Lebaksitu lebih dari 10 tahun. 77,9% responden memiliki merkuri darah diatas normal (WHO : 10 μg/l). Peningkatan kadar SGPT dialami oleh 25% responden. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara merkuri darah terhadap kadar SGPT, namun variabel umur dan lama tinggal sebagai variabel confounding mempengaruhi kadar merkuri darah.
Mercury is a heavy metal that has high levels of toxicity in the body. The liver as a major part of metabolism and the accumulation of mercury in the human body so that mercury can cause liver damage. Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT) is a sensitive marker of liver damage because this enzyme is the primary source in the liver. The increased SGPT can be used as a potential enzyme biomarker for mercury that induces the induced hepatotoxicosis that ultimately affects general health by altering the function and structure of liver integrity. This study aims to determine the effect of mercury exposure in the blood on liver function by measuring the levels of SGPT in the community. This study used cross sectional study design. The study was conducted in May 2017 with the population being residents residing in Lebaksitu after using inclusion criteria, with total sample of 68 people. The data were collected through interviews using questionnaires and blood samples to determine the levels of mercury in blood and SGPT levels. The results of this study found that 77.9% of respondents are not gold processors, who have lived in Lebaksitu more than 10 years. 77.9% of respondents had above- normal blood mercury (WHO: 10 μg / l). Increased levels of SGPT experienced by 25% of respondents. There was no significant relationship between mercury blood and SGPT levels, but the variable age and length of stay as confounding variables affect blood mercury levels.
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Mercury is a heavy metal that has high levels of toxicity in the body. The liver as a major part of metabolism and the accumulation of mercury in the human body so that mercury can cause liver damage. Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT) is a sensitive marker of liver damage because this enzyme is the primary source in the liver. The increased SGPT can be used as a potential enzyme biomarker for mercury that induces the induced hepatotoxicosis that ultimately affects general health by altering the function and structure of liver integrity. This study aims to determine the effect of mercury exposure in the blood on liver function by measuring the levels of SGPT in the community. This study used cross sectional study design. The study was conducted in May 2017 with the population being residents residing in Lebaksitu after using inclusion criteria, with total sample of 68 people. The data were collected through interviews using questionnaires and blood samples to determine the levels of mercury in blood and SGPT levels. The results of this study found that 77.9% of respondents are not gold processors, who have lived in Lebaksitu more than 10 years. 77.9% of respondents had above- normal blood mercury (WHO: 10 μg / l). Increased levels of SGPT experienced by 25% of respondents. There was no significant relationship between mercury blood and SGPT levels, but the variable age and length of stay as confounding variables affect blood mercury levels.
T-4938
Depok : FKM UI, 2017
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
☉
Erna Veronika; Pembimbing: Budi Hartono, Abdul Rahman; Penguji: Laila Fitria, Didi Purnama, Miko Hananto
Abstrak:
Penggunaan merkuri dalam PESK sangat menimbulkan masalah, karena selama prosesnya, PESK mengeluarkan merkuri ke lingkungan saat pembuangan limbah sehingga memungkinkan terjadi pencemaran lingkungan. Pajanan merkuri pada tubuh dalam waktu yang lama dapat menimbulkan dampak kesehatan salah satunya adalah terhadap ginjal karena merupakan organ ekskresi utama yang penting untuk mengeluarkan zat-zat toksik yang masuk ke dalam tubuh. Glomerulus filtration rate (GFR) merupakan salah satu parameter untuk mengetahui tingkat fungsi ginjal dan menentukan stadium penyakit ginjal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kadar merkuri dalam rambut pada masyarakat terhadap nilai estimasi glomerulus filtration rate (GFR). Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross cectional dengan variabel terukur adalah kadar merkuri rambut, karakteristik responden (usia, jenis pekerjaan, indeks masa tubuh, lama tinggal, kebiasaan merokok, aktivitas fisik, konsumsi obat, dan konsumsi air minum) dan nilai estimasi GFR. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 58 orang. Data yang diperoleh diuji menggunakan chi-square, independen t-Test dan regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 51,7% responden memiliki kadar merkuri dalam rambut yang melebihi batas maksimal (>2 μg/gr) dan 43,1% responden mengalami penurunan nilai estimasi GFR (fungsi ginjal yang tidak normal). Penurunan nilai estimasi GFR di pengaruhi oleh umur dan kadar merkuri dalam rambut. Menurunnya nilai estimasi GFR dapat dicegah dengan lebih banyak mengkonsumsi air minum dan mengurangi kebiasaan minum obat serta perlunya penyuluhan dari pelayanan kesehatan tentang bahaya dan dampak merkuri terhadap kesehatan pada masyarakat. Kata kunci : glomerulus filtration rate (GFR), merkuri rambut, Pertambangan Emas Skala Kecil (PESK)
The application of mercury in ASGM is very problematic, because through the process, SSGM release mercury to the environment during waste disposal and enable environmental pollution. Mercury exposure to the body for a long time can cause health impact, one of them is the effect to kidney. It is the main excretory organs which are important to remove toxic substances that enter the body. Glomerulus Filtration Rate (GFR) is one of the parameters to determine the level of kidney function and stage of kidney disease. This study aimed at determine the relationship between mercury levels in hair of the community against the estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR). This research used cross-sectional design with measurable variables are mercury levels in hair, respondent characteristics (age, occupation, body mass index, length of stay, smoking habit, physical activity, medicine consumption and drinking water consumption) and estimated GFR value. The sample in this study 58 people. Data obtained tested using chi-square, independent t-Test and logistic regression. The results showed that 51.7% respondents had exceeded the guideline of hair mercury levels (>2 μg/gr) and 43.1% of respondents experienced a decrease estimated GFR value (abnormal kidney function). Estimated GFR values decreased was influence by age and mercury levels in hair. Decreasing of estimated GFR values can be prevented by consume more drinking water, reduce medicine consume habits and it is necessary to give health education about the dangers and impacts of mercury on health to the community. Keywords: Glomerulus Filtration Rate (GFR), mercury level in hair, Artisanal and Small Scale Gold Mining (ASGM).
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The application of mercury in ASGM is very problematic, because through the process, SSGM release mercury to the environment during waste disposal and enable environmental pollution. Mercury exposure to the body for a long time can cause health impact, one of them is the effect to kidney. It is the main excretory organs which are important to remove toxic substances that enter the body. Glomerulus Filtration Rate (GFR) is one of the parameters to determine the level of kidney function and stage of kidney disease. This study aimed at determine the relationship between mercury levels in hair of the community against the estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR). This research used cross-sectional design with measurable variables are mercury levels in hair, respondent characteristics (age, occupation, body mass index, length of stay, smoking habit, physical activity, medicine consumption and drinking water consumption) and estimated GFR value. The sample in this study 58 people. Data obtained tested using chi-square, independent t-Test and logistic regression. The results showed that 51.7% respondents had exceeded the guideline of hair mercury levels (>2 μg/gr) and 43.1% of respondents experienced a decrease estimated GFR value (abnormal kidney function). Estimated GFR values decreased was influence by age and mercury levels in hair. Decreasing of estimated GFR values can be prevented by consume more drinking water, reduce medicine consume habits and it is necessary to give health education about the dangers and impacts of mercury on health to the community. Keywords: Glomerulus Filtration Rate (GFR), mercury level in hair, Artisanal and Small Scale Gold Mining (ASGM).
T-4858
Depok : FKM UI, 2017
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Sifa Fauzia; Pembimbing: Laila Fitria, Bambang Wispriyono; Penguji: Abdur Rahman, Sonny P. Warouw, Didi Purnama
Abstrak:
Pertambangan Emas Skala Kecil (PESK) di Indonesia menjadi salah satu usahamemperbaiki situasi ekonomi masyarakat di beberapa daerah. Namun, merkuri(Hg) yang digunakan untuk mengekstrak emas langsung dibuang ke lingkungan,sehingga menimbulkan bahaya bagi kesehatan. Banyak penelitian menunjukkanpajanan Hg mengurangi tingkat antioksidan tubuh. Glutathione (GSH) adalahsalah satu antioksidan alami tubuh yang penting karena bertindak sebagai salahsatu faktor detoksifikasi Hg.Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan hubungan antara kadar merkuri dan totalGSH dengan karakteristik individu masyarakat di wilayah PESK Desa Lebaksitu.Desain studi yang digunakan adalah cross-sectional. Kadar merkuri dan totalGSH diukur dalam darah. Hubungan antara merkuri, total GSH, dan karakteristikindividu (usia, jenis kelamin, status merokok, aktivitas fisik, dan indeks massatubuh) diuji menggunakan model regresi, korelasi, dan independen t-Test.Rata-rata merkuri darah 11,09 ± 10,6 μg/L, lebih tinggi dari batas US EPA. Rata-rata total GSH 0,874 ± 0.123 μg/mL. Di antara hubungan total GSH dengankarakteristik individu, hanya aktivitas fisik yang memiliki hubungan signifikan (p= 0,021; 95% CI -0127 - 0,01). Responden dengan kadar merkuri darah >5,8 μg/Lmemiliki risiko 2,431 kali lebih tinggi untuk memiliki total GSH <0,874 μg/mLdibandingkan responden dengan kadar merkuri darah <5,8 μg/L. Setiap kenaikankadar merkuri darah sebesar 1 μg/L dapat menurunkan total GSH sebanyak 0,002μg/mL setelah dikontrol usia, IMT, dan aktivitas fisik.Diperlukan upaya menyeluruh dari instansi lintas sektor untuk mengurangipenggunaan merkuri dan dampaknya terhadap kesehatan masyarakat di sekitarPESK.Kata kunci: PESK, merkuri, GSH, karakteristik individu, analisis multivariat.
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T-4775
Depok : FKM UI, 2016
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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