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Kata kunci : Mutu; Lean; Farmasi
Pharmaceutical Services is a service that cannot be separated from hospital services. The length of waiting time in the pharmacy will satisfy the overall quality of hospital services. Currently the waiting time in Bali Royal Hospital pharmacy for out patient is still above the standard waiting time, which is not in accordance with the hospital guidelines. The standard waiting time for outpatient pharmacy cannot be achieved due to lack of quality management at RSU Bali Royal. This study will look at how the process of outpatient pharmacy service using lean method, in 2017 with observational action process research, by observing 15 patients from October 2017 to January 2018 at outpatient pharmaceutical RSU Bali Royal, by looking at the waste. It is founded that there are 45.65% value added activities and non-value added activities (vaste) of 54.28%. Most of the wastes that are found are waste waiting and waste defect. Elimination of waste that has been done by the implementation of intervention, among others: moving cashier counters, changing the lay out of pharmacy, making counter between the pharmaceutical counter with space lock pharmaceutical door lock and change in outpatient pharmacy service, so that non value added activities can be eliminated to 18.28% and value added activities to 81.72%. In terms of outcome can be seen the improvement of waiting time, improvement of customer satisfaction, increased visits and increased turnover in pharmacy. This study concludes that there is a significant improvement of service quality after the refinement of outpatient pharmacy service process using lean method.
Keyword : Quality; Lean; Pharmacy
Kata Kunci : Pelayanan Radiologi; Constraint; Lean Six Sigma; Waste
This study aims to design a proposal to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of radiology service of National Brain Hospital by applying the method of constraint lean six sigma. This research is designed with qualitative and quantitative design. Quantitative data obtained from the observation of the length of time radiology services at National Central Medical Center. The sample size is 30 samples. The results of this study is the average service lead time of 2 hours 13 minutes. The highest NVA time is in the experimental processing cycle. The highest NVA time is in the type of waste that is waiting and processing. The main causes of NVA in both waste are PACS system error and waiting time of reading radiograph. The results of the study found 7 samples have radiology service waiting time > 3 hours. 57% of the total service defect was contributed by after hours and holidays. The proposed improvements required are Standardize work in the form of Standard Operating Procedures (SPO) of sending radiograph CITO in after hours and holidays, routine quality control of PACS tools, and integrated radiology information system (RIS) application.
Keyword : Radiology Service; Constraint; Lean Six Sigma; Waste
Latar Belakang : Komponen utama dalam penilaian kinerja keuangan rumah sakit adalah pendapatan dari layanan kesehatan. Tantangan yang dihadapi rumah sakit dapat meliputi pengelolaan klaim Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN), efisiensi operasional, serta penanganan biaya operasional yang terus meningkat. Data RSUP Fatmawati memperlihatkan sumber utama pendapatan berasal dari pembayaran klaim JKN yang diajukan rumah sakit ke BPJS Kesehatan. Proporsi penerimaan terbesar berasal dari klaim pelayanan pasien JKN, yaitu sebesar 86% pada tahun 2023, dan 84% pada tahun 2024. Data pengajuan klaim 3 bulan terakhir menunjukkan jumlah pengajuan klaim RSUP Fatmawati rata-rata 68%, jauh dari target kinerja yang ditetapkan Direktur Utama, yaitu sebesar 95%.
Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan design experimental dengan pendekatan operational research. Pendekatan operational research dapat digunakan untuk merancang dan mengembangkan langkah kerja baru, sehingga proses menjadi lebih efisien. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini ditetapkan berdasarkan Central Limit Theorem, yaitu minimal 30 (tiga puluh) rekam medis. Teknik sampling menggunakan metode simple random sampling.
Hasil : Hasil penelitian dengan pendekatan lean six sigma didapatkan lead time pengolahan klaim JKN pelayanan rawat inap di RSUP Fatmawati yaitu 54 jam 40 menit 31 detik, sebesar 97% merupakan kegiatan non value added yang didominasi waste jenis waiting yaitu 52 jam 50 menit 11 detik. Identifikasi akar masalah didapatkah bahwa lamanya waktu pengolahan berkas klaim JKN pelayanan rawat inap disebabkan oleh adanya proses menunggu berkas fisik oleh verifikator internal pada fase hilir (pasca perawatan). Implementasi lean six sigma berhasil menurunkan lead time sebesar 56%, dari 54 jam 40 menit 31 detik menjadi 24 jam 6 menit 52 detik. Penurunan lead time ini disertai dengan reduksi waste, dengan reduksi waste terbesar pada jenis waiting sebesar 58%, dari 52 jam 50 menit 11 detik menjadi 22 jam 30 menit 0 detik.
Kesimpulan : Implementasi lean six sigma secara signifikan dapat meningkatkan efektifitas dan efisiensi waktu dalam pengolahan berkas klaim JKN pelayanan rawat inap di RSUP Fatmawati.
Background : The main component in assessing hospital financial performance is revenue from healthcare services. Challenges faced by hospitals may include managing National Health Insurance (JKN) claims, operational efficiency, and handling rising operational costs. Data from Fatmawati General Hospital shows that the main source of revenue comes from JKN claims submitted by the hospital to the Health Social Security Agency (BPJS Kesehatan). The largest proportion of revenue comes from JKN patient service claims, accounting for 86% in 2023 and 84% in 2024. Data on claim submissions over the past three months shows that the average claim submission rate at RSUP Fatmawati is 68%, far below the performance target set by the Director General, which is 95%. Methodology : This study employs an experimental design with an operational research approach. Operational research can be used to design and develop new work procedures, thereby enhancing process efficiency. The sample size in this study was determined based on the Central Limit Theorem, with a minimum of 30 (thirty) medical records. The sampling technique used simple random sampling. Results : The results of the study using the lean six sigma approach showed that the lead time for processing JKN inpatient claims at RSUP Fatmawati was 54 hours, 40 minutes, and 31 seconds, with 97% being non-value-added activities dominated by waiting waste, which accounted for 52 hours, 50 minutes, and 11 seconds. The root cause analysis identified that the prolonged processing time for JKN inpatient claim documents was due to the waiting process for physical documents by internal verifiers in the downstream phase (post-treatment). The implementation of Lean Six Sigma successfully reduced the lead time by 56%, from 54 hours, 40 minutes, and 31 seconds to 24 hours, 6 minutes, and 52 seconds. This reduction in lead time was accompanied by a reduction in waste, with the largest reduction in waiting time at 58%, from 52 hours, 50 minutes, and 11 seconds to 22 hours, 30 minutes, and 0 seconds. Conclusion : The implementation of Lean Six Sigma significantly improved the effectiveness and efficiency of processing JKN inpatient claims at Fatmawati General Hospital.
