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Metode : Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kuantitatif dan kualitatif, dengan tipe penelitian kombinasi Sequential Explenatory Desain (Sugiyono, 2012), dimana pengumpulan dan analisis data terdiri dari 2 tahap yaitu: 1. pengumpulan dan analisis data kuantitatif pada tahap pertama (Pengumpulan data melalui kuisioner dilakukan untuk mengetahui mutu pelayanan Rumah Sakit RK Charitas, melalui penggunaan Kriteria Baldrige) 2. pengumpulan dan analisis data kualitatif pada tahap ke dua (melakukan wawancara untuk mendapatkan gambaran yang lebih utuh terhadap hasil pengumpulan data melalui kuisioner).
Hasil : Dari hasil penelitan, didapatkan seluruh variabel (Kepemimpinan, Perencanaan Strategi, Fokus Pelanggan, Fokus Sumber daya manusia, Fokus Proses, Pengukuran-analisa dan manajemen pengetahuan) memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dalam mempengaruhi kinerja rumah sakit. Didapatkan dari tujuh kriteria Malcolm Baldridge, terdapat 3 variabel yang memiliki nilai diatas total rerata, dan 4 kriteria memiliki nilai dibawah total rerata. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan variabel kepemimpinan merupakan variabel yang memiliki nilai rata-rata terendah iii dibandingkan variabel lainnya. Pada variabel kepemimpinan, dinilai peran kepemimpinan dalam transparasi, supevisi, kaderisasi di masa yang akan datang, serta proses perencanaan dan pengelolaan perencanaan strategi dinilai kurang optimal.
Kesimpulan : Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dibuat oleh peneliti, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa mutu pelayanan Rumah Sakit Charitas dikaji berdasarkan integrasi TQM dan Six Sigma melalui pendekatan Malcolm Baldridge, perlu ditingkatkan. Dimana terdapat 4 (empat) variabel yang memiliki nilai rata-rata lebih rendah dari total nilai rata-rata 7 (tujuh) variabel dalam Kriteria Malcolm Baldridge. Empat kriteria tersebut ialah kepemimpinan, perencanaan strategi, manajemen sumber daya manusia, serta pengukuran, analisis dan manajemen.Variabel yang perlu mendapatkan perhatian besar karena memiliki nilai yang paling rendah ialah variabel kepemimpinan dan perencanaan strategi. Selain itu, berdasarkan hasil wawancara mendalam, peran yang paling besar dalam peningkatan kinerja ialah peran kepemimpinan. Dilihat dari hasil pencapaian indikator kinerja RS. Charitas yang mengalami penurunan tiga tahun terakhir, tidak sejalan dengan hasil kuantitatif yang dicapai pada kriteria variabel kinerja rumah sakit, dimana menghasilkan nilai yang baik. Salah satu penyebabnya ialah ketidakselarasan antara program kerja dan target unit dengan rencana strategi yang telah ditetapkan. Hal ini dipertegas melalui wawancara mendalam, rencana strategi yang telah ditetapkan tidak secara menyeluruh disosialisasikan ke unit-unit. Sehingga tujuan dari program kerja seringkali ditemukan tidak sejalan dengan rencana strategi yang telah ditetapkan, yang berpengaruh pada perbedaan persepsi pencapaian kinerja unit dengan kinerja rumah sakit secara keseluruhan. Selain itu ditemukan tidak adanya pedoman penilaian kinerja unit.Maka melalui penelitian ini diharapkan penerapan Integrasi TQM dan Six Sigma untuk mencapai kinerja rumah sakit melalui: meningkatkan peran kepemimpinan di rumah sakit; mengembangkan dan melaksanakan rencana strategis yang optimal; meningkatkan kemampuan untuk fokus terhadap pasien/pelanggan; memberikan perhatian tinggi terhadap pengelolaan dan pemberdayaan karyawan; mengembangkan; meningkatkan sistem dan proses dalam pelaksanaan pelayanan; serta melaksanakan upaya mutu berkelanjutan dengan menekankan pada pengukuran melalui indikator-indikator individu, unit maupun rumah sakit serta mengembangkan sistem informasi yang akurat.
Kata kunci : Mutu Rumah Sakit, TQM, Six SIGMA, Malcolm Baldridge
Background : Hospital as an organization working in the field of public health services increasingly demanded to provide better health services (Muchtar, 2011). Excellent service and quality will have an impact on patient satisfaction and impact on customer loyalty to the improvement of services offered. One measure of the achievement of the quality of a service is the loyalty of consumers. Charitas Hospital, there is a decline in customer loyalty from the year 2013 to 2015 by 80%. It was determined by a decrease in the quality indicators that BOR, LOS, TOI, GDR, NDR which dropped on the last three years (Data RS-Caritas, 2016). It is known that the quality management TQM and Six Sigma have each proven concepts and empirical as continuous quality improvement methods that can help improve the performance of organizations including hospitals. How is the quality of service at the Charitas Hospital observed from the criteria Malcolm Baldrige Criteria with the integration of TQM and Six Sigma approach?
Method : The method used is quantitative and qualitative research methods, combination of the research type Explenatory Sequential Design (Sugiyono, 2012), where the data collection and analysis consists of two phases: 1. The collection and analysis of quantitative data on the first stage (The data was collected through a questionnaire conducted to determine the quality of RK Charitas Hospital services, through the use of Baldrige Criteria) 2. the collection and analysis of qualitative data in the second phase (conducting interviews to get a fuller picture of the data collected through questionnaires). v
Results : From the research results, obtained all the variables (Leadership, Strategic Planning, Customer Focus, Focus Human Resources, Process Focus, Measurementanalysis and knowledge management) had a significant association in influencing the performance of the hospital. Obtained from seven Malcolm Baldridge criteria, there are three variables that have a total value above the average, and four criterias have a value below the total average. From the results, the leadership variable is a variable that have the lowest average value compared to other variables. In the leadership variable, assessed a leadership role in transparency, supervision, regeneration in the future, as well as the planning and management processes were considered less optimal than strategy planning.
Conclusions : Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that the quality of service of Charitas Hospital assessed based on the integration of TQM and Six Sigma approach Malcolm Baldridge, needs to be improved. Where there are 4 (four) variables that have an average value is lower than the total average value of 7 (seven) variables in the Malcolm Baldridge Criteria. Four of these criteria are leadership, strategic planning, human resources management, as well as measurement, analysis and mangement.Variable that needs great attention because it has the lowest value are leadership and strategic planning. In addition, based on the results of in-depth interviews, the greatest role in performance enhancement is the role of leadership. Judging from the results of the achievement of performance indicators Charitas Hospital which has decreased for the last three years, is not in line with the quantitative results achieved on hospital performance variable criteria, which produces a good value. One reason is the misalignment between the work program and the target unit with a strategic plan that has been set. This is confirmed through in-depth interviews, plan strategies that have been set are not thoroughly socialized into units. So the purpose of this work program are often found to be not in line with the strategic plan that has been set, which affects the perception of differences in the achievement of the unit's performance with the performance of the hospital as a whole. Also found no performance appraisal guidelines unit. So through this research are expected application of TQM and Six Sigma integration to achieve vi performance of hospitals through: increasing the role of leadership in the hospital; developing and implementing a strategic plan that is optimal; improving the ability to focus on patient/customer; giving high attention to the management and employee empowerment; developing, improving the systems and processes in service delivery; and implementing continuous quality efforts with emphasis on measuring through indicators of individual, unit or hospital and developing accurate information system.
Keywords : Hospital Quality, TQM, Six SIGMA, Malcolm Baldridge
One of the important business processes in hospital organizations is the management of pharmaceutical supplies. The management of pharmaceutical supplies management at RSPG Cisarua Bogor involves teams starting from the stages of planning, procurement, storage and distribution. Internal obstacles in the process of planning and procuring pharmaceutical supplies are obstacles that can be controlled by internal intervention in business processes within the hospital. This research focuses on proposed changes in the management system of pharmaceutical supply management, especially planning and procurement within RSPG Cisarua Bogor. Intervention in the procurement process using lean six sigma as an evaluation tool to determine weak points in this study only reached the improvement stage. Data collection used in-depth interviews with informants related to the process of planning and procuring pharmaceutical supplies, observation and document tracing then ended with group discussions to determine mutual agreement. The results showed that the absence of fixed procedures in the process of procuring pharmaceutical supplies made the procedure run longer and there was no benchmark of efficiency in the system. Tools in the process of procuring pharmaceutical supplies are also absent so that internal communication between departments even in the same team is low. At the improve stage of lean six sigma produced proposals for changes to standard operating procedures for routine pharmaceutical supply procurement processes, the use of procurement efficiency indicators and the use of ABC VEN as a tool in the pharmaceutical supply procurement process. Proposed improvements in the use of ABC VEN and planning efficiency indicators to address waste over production identified during the pharmaceutical supply planning process. Proposed establishment of new standard operating procedures containing timelines, tools for grouping pharmaceutical supplies based on ABC VEN and procurement efficiency indicators to overcome waste waiting in the pharmaceutical supply procurement process.
Latar Belakang : Waktu tunggu sering kali dijadikan indikator untuk menilai kualitas pelayanan rumah sakit oleh pasien. Salah satu aspek yang menjadi perhatian adalah waktu tunggu untuk pemulangan pasien. Data RS Mitra Keluarga Bintaro tahun 2023 menunjukkan rata-rata waktu tunggu pasien adalah 87 menit dengan perbedaan yang cukup signifikan antara pasien dengan penjaminan pribadi (66 menit) dan penjaminan asuransi (121 menit). Data rata-rata waktu tunggu tersebut terhitung sejak dokter memberikan instruksi pulang hingga pasien melakukan billing akhir. Data tersebut belum terhitung hingga pasien meninggalkan ruang rawat inap. Standar pelayanan minimal waktu tunggu pemulangan pasien rawat inap yang ditetapkan oleh Kemenkes yaitu kurang dari 120 menit. Pencapaian waktu tunggu pasien yang keluar dalam waktu ≤ 2 jam tercatat sebesar 88%, meskipun masih belum memenuhi target korporat yang ditetapkan sebesar 100%.
Metode : Penelitian ini mengadopsi desain operational research yang mengintegrasikan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah simple random sampling, dengan total sampel sebanyak 38 pasien yang pulang setelah menjalani rawat inap. Pemilihan sampel didasarkan pada distribusi hari, jam kepulangan, dan jenis metode penjaminan yang telah ditetapkan.
Hasil : Hasil penelitian dengan pendekatan lean six sigma berhasil mengidentifikasi lead time pemulangan pasien rawat inap di RS Mitra Keluarga Bintaro sebesar 5 jam 10 menit 54 detik dimana 69% merupakan kegiatan non value added yang didominasi oleh waste tipe waiting sebesar 3 jam 14 menit 23 detik. Akar masalah dari memanjangnya waktu tunggu pemulangan pasien rawat inap berada di fase III pada kegiatan menunggu pasien meninggalkan ruang rawat inap. Penerapan lean six sigma dalam proses pemulangan pasien rawat inap di RS Mitra Keluarga Bintaro berhasil mengurangi lead time sebesar 16%, dari 5 jam 10 menit 54 detik menjadi 4 jam 21 menit 25 detik. Pengurangan lead time ini diikuti dengan penurunan waste di seluruh tahapan pemulangan pasien, dengan penurunan waste terbesar terjadi pada fase I, yaitu sebesar 44%, dari 1 jam 3 menit 27 detik menjadi 35 menit 46 detik.
Kesimpulan : Terdapat penurunan waktu tunggu pemulangan pasien rawat inap di RS Mitra Keluarga Bintaro setelah penerapan lean six sigma. Penurunan waktu tunggu pemulangan pasien rawat inap masih diatas target standar pelayanan minimal yang ditetapkan oleh Kemenkes.
Background : Waiting time is often used as an indicator to assess the quality of hospital services by patients. One aspect of concern is the waiting time for patient discharge. Data from Mitra Keluarga Bintaro Hospital in 2023 showed that the average patient waiting time was 87 minutes with a significant difference between patients with personal guarantees (66 minutes) and insurance guarantees (121 minutes). The average waiting time data is calculated from when the doctor gives instructions to go home until the patient makes the final billing. The data does not include until the patient leaves the inpatient room. The minimum service standard for inpatient discharge waiting time set by the Ministry of Health is less than 120 minutes. The achievement of waiting time for patients who leave within ≤ 2 hours was recorded at 88%, although it still does not meet the corporate target set at 100%. Method : This study adopted an operational research design that integrates quantitative and qualitative methods. The sampling technique used was simple random sampling, with a total sample of 38 patients who returned home after undergoing inpatient care. Sample selection was based on the distribution of days, hours of discharge, and types of guarantee methods that had been determined. Hasil : The results of the study using the lean six sigma approach successfully identified the lead time for inpatient discharge at Mitra Keluarga Bintaro Hospital of 5 hours 10 minutes 54 seconds, where 69% were non-value added activities dominated by waiting type waste of 3 hours 14 minutes 23 seconds. The root of the problem of the long waiting time for inpatient discharge is in phase III in the activity of waiting for the patient to leave the inpatient room. The application of lean six sigma in the inpatient discharge process at Mitra Keluarga Bintaro Hospital successfully reduced the lead time by 16%, from 5 hours 10 minutes 54 seconds to 4 hours 21 minutes 25 seconds. This reduction in lead time was followed by a decrease in waste in all stages of patient discharge, with the largest decrease in waste occurring in phase I, which was 44%, from 1 hour 3 minutes 27 seconds to 35 minutes 46 seconds. Kesimpulan : There is a decrease in the waiting time for discharge of inpatients at Mitra Keluarga Bintaro Hospital after the implementation of lean six sigma. The decrease in the waiting time for discharge of inpatients is still above the minimum service standard target set by the Ministry of Health.
Measurement of hospital performance can provide a strong foundation for solving existing problems and is needed to improve the quality of care service. This thesis assesses the quality performance of hospital organization using Malcolm Baldrige for Performance Excellence based on seven criteria: Leadership, Strategy Planning, Costumers Focus, Measurement, Analysis and Management Knowledge, Work Focus, Operation Focus and Result. This research is based on a qualitative research by collecting information about organizational performance through in-depth interviews, observation, document review, and focus group discussion. Based on the results of the study, in each criteria also elaborated opportunities for improvement that can be done by the hospital to improve the quality performance of the organization.
Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan mengumpulkan informasi mengenai kinerja organisasi melalui wawancara mendalam, CDMG dan data sekunder. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dalam setiap kriteria juga dijabarkan peluang perbaikan yang dapat dilakukan oleh rumah sakit untuk meningkatkan kinerja mutu organisasi.
Kata kunci : Kinerja Organisasi, Malcolm Baldrige For performance Excellence, Rumah Sakit
Meassurement of hospital performance can provide a strong foundation for solving existing problems and is needed to improve the quality of care service. This thesis assesses the quality performance of hospital organization using Malcolm Baldrige For Performance Excellence based on seven criteria: Leadership, Strategy Planning, Costumers Focus, Meassurement, Analysis and Management Knowledge, Work Focus, Operation Focus and Result.
This research is based on a qualitative research by collecting information about organizational performance through in-depth intervies, CDMG and secondary data. Based on the results of the study, in each criteria also elaborated opportunities for improvement that can be done by the hospital to improve the quality performance of the organization.
Keywords : Organizational Performance, Malcolm Baldrige For Performance Excellence, Hospitaal
