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ABSTRAK Nama : Hairida Anggun Kusuma Program Studi : Pascasarjana Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat Judul : Faktor-faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Lesi Prakanker Serviks di Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur Tahun 2017 Permasalahan kanker serviks di Indonesia sangat khas yaitu banyak dan lebih dari 70% kasus ditemukan pada stadium lanjut pada saat datang ke rumah sakit. Peningkatan upaya penanganan kanker serviks, terutama dalam bidang pencegahan dan deteksi dini sangat diperlukan oleh setiap pihak yang terlibat. Penelitian kasus kontrol ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian lesi prakanker serviks. Penelitian melibatkan 102 kasus dan 306 kontrol dari cacatan medis pemeriksaan deteksi dini kanker leher rahim dan payudara tahun 2013 – 2016. Penelitian di 11 puskesmas yang telah melaksanakan pemeriksaan IVA di Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat dengan chi square dan multivariat dengan regresi logistik ganda untuk mengetahui faktor yang paling dominan. Sebagian besar umur responden ≤35 tahun, pendidikan dasar, tidak bekerja, tidak mempunyai riwayat kanker, usia melakukan hubungan seksual >17 tahun, punya pasangan seksual satu, tidak pernah menggunakan kontrasepsi oral >5 tahun, paritas ≥4 dan tidak pernah pap smear. Sedangkan untuk paparan asap rokok sama besar antara yang terpapar dan tidak terpapar. Hasil regresi logistik ganda menemukan terpapar asap rokok dengan (OR 1,9 95% CI 1,1 – 3), riwayat kanker keluarga (OR 2,5 95% CI 1,3-4,6), paritas ≥4 (OR 2 95% CI 0,9 – 4,4) dan jumlah pasangan seksual lebih dari 1 (OR 1,5 95% CI 0,9 – 2,8) dan faktor yang paling dominan adalah riwayat kanker keluarga. Kata kunci: Lesi prakanker serviks; paparan asap rokok; riwayat kanker keluarga.
ABSTRACT Name : Hairida Anggun Kusuma Study Program : Postgraduate Public Health Faculty Title : Factors Related to Cervical Precancerous Lesions in East Kotawaringin District 2017 The problem of cervical cancer in Indonesia is very distinctive that many and more than 70% of cases are found at an advanced stage upon arrival to the hospital. Increased efforts to treat cervical cancer, especially in the field of prevention and early detection is needed by each party involved. This case-control study aims to determine risk factors associated with the incidence of cervical precancer lesions. The study included 102 cases and 306 controls derived from medical records examining early detection of cervical and breast cancers from 2013 to 2016. The study was at 11 puskesmas who had performed VIA examination in East Kotawaringin District. Data analysis was done univariat, bivariate with chi square and multivariate with logistic regression to know the most dominant factor. Most of the respondents aged ≤35 years, primary education, unemployment, no history of cancer, age of sexual intercourse >17 years, had one sexual partner, never used oral contraceptives >5 years, parity ≥4 and never pap smear. As for exposed by smoke as large between the exposed and not exposed. The result of logistic regression showed exposed to cigarette smoke (OR 1,9 95% CI 1,1 – 3), family cancer history (OR 2,5 95% CI 1,3-4,6), parity ≥4 (OR 2 95% CI 0,9 – 4,4) dan sexual multipartner (OR 1,5 95% CI 0,9 – 2,8) and the more dominant risk factor was family history of cancer. Keywords: cervical precancerous lesions;exposed by smoke; family history of cancer
Kata kunci: Skizofrenia, kasus kontrol, Kabupaten Bogor
Schizophrenia is a a chronic and severe mental disorder that affects thinking, feeling, and behavior of a person. In Indonesia, the prevalence of schizophrenia is 1.7 per 1,000 populations. The number of visits of mental disorders in puskesmas of Bogor Regency has increased significantly from 1,648 to 13,390 in 2013-14. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with schizophrenia in Bogor Regency 2017. An unmatched case-control was conducted in 63 health centers of Bogor regency from May-June 2017. Cases were schizophrenic patient aged 15-50 years diagnosed by physicians/specialists and recorded in the register of Bogor district health centers in 2017. Controls were the healthy people aged 15-50 and domiciled in Bogor Regency. A total of 229 cases and 229 controls were selected by multistage sampling technique. Probability proportional to size was usedto determine the number of samples from each puskesmas. A pre-tested semi structured questionnaires was used to collect relevant data from controls and one of the family members of cases. Chi square test and multivariate logistic regression were applied for data analysis. Folowing factors were associated with schizophrenia: male gender (AdjOR: 11.68; 95% CI: 4.96 -27.50), family history of schizophrenia (AdjOR: 4.02; 95 %CI: 1,90-8,48), basic education (AdjOR: 30.63; 95%CI: 4.21-222.81), secondary education (AdjOR: 25.35; 95% CI: 3.51-182.90), unemployed (AdjOR: 5.6; 95 %CI 2,52-12,45), unmarried (AdjOR: 10,20; 95%CI 2,52-12,45), problems in the family (AdjOR: 4.93; 95%CI 2.43-9.99) and problems at work / school (AdjOR: 32.60; 95%CI 7.29 - 145.76). In the study setting, biological (male and family history of schizophrenia),sociodemographic (low level of education, unemployment and unmarried) and environmental factors (problems in family, workplaceor school) were associated with schizophrenia. Prospective analytical studies are needed to further explore these associations.
Keywords: Schizophrenia, case control, Bogor district
Measles is one of the leading causes of death among children although safe and cost-effective vaccines are available. By 2015, there are 134 200 deaths from global measles and about 367 deaths every day or 15 deaths every hour. Measles Vaccination resulted in a 79% reduction in measles deaths between 2000 and 2015 worldwide. Despite reaching the target of more than 90% coverage of measles immunization in Cigudeg and Ciampea villages, there is still an extraordinary incidence of measles in these two villages by 2016. This study aims to determine the risk factors associated with measles incidence in the extraordinary incidence of measles in villages of Cigudeg and Ciampea Bogor Regency in 2016. The study design using case control study with a ratio of 1: 3 resulted in a sample consisting of 36 cases and 108 controls with a strength of 80% test having 95% confidence degree. The result of the analysis by using logistic regression was found that the risk factors associated with measles incidence in measles outbreaks in Villages Cigudeg and Ciampea Bogor Regency in 2016 were significantly immunized (OR = 3.44; 95% CI: 1.09 - P = 0,034), air ventilation area (OR = 4,7; 95% CI: 1.47 - 15.39: P value = 0.009) and contact history (OR = 28.6; 95% CI 9.06 - 90.42; P value = 0.000). Measles immunization coverage in villages Cigudeg and Ciampea has reached more than 90%, but not yet able to make the village has a group immunity against measles, so the need for further studies or research on it. Keywords: Measles, Outbreak, Immunization, Bogor District.
Hypertension is known as an asymptomatic disease that causes premature death while it's prevalence continues to increase every year. This study aims to determine the prevalence and factor related to hypertension at Cisadea Primary Health Center in 2021. The dependent variable of this study is hypertension and the independent variable is sociodemographic factors (age, gender, education level), health status (body mass index and family history), and lifestyles (smoking habits, physical activity, and consumption of fruit and vegetables). This study used cross-sectional design with bivariate and stratification analysis. This study uses secondary data from screening factor related with non-communicable disease with total sample of 608 people aged 15-64 years. The results showed that the prevalence of hypertension was 53,5% and the risk factors associated with hypertension were age (PR=1,69; 95% CI: 1,32-2,17, p value=0,000), family history (PR=1,67; 95% CI: 1,36-2,06, p value=0,002), and body mass index (PR=1,36; 95% CI: 1,16-1,59, p value=0,001). Regulations on the inclusion of the number of calories in restaurants and food companies, anti-obesity campaigns, and requiring each agency or company to perform physical activity at work are some of the efforts to maintain normal BMI status and reduce the risk of hypertension
Kehamilan Tidak Diinginkan (KTD) terjadi setidaknya sebanyak 121 juta kasus secara global dari tahun 2015-2019. Tingginya angka prevalens ini menunjukkan bahwa KTD merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang dapat membawa banyak dampak negatif baik dalam bidang kesehatan, sosial dan finansial. Dari seluruh KTD yang terjadi secara global, setengahnya berakhir dengan aborsi. Kematian Ibu yang mengalami KTD juga berhubungan dengan karena kurangnya perawatan antenatal yang dapat meningkatkan risiko komplikasi kehamilan akibat ketidaktahuannya tentang kehamilannya. Kunci untuk mencegah KTD adalah menggunakan kontrasepsi dengan begitu WUS dan PUS dapat merencanakan atau menunda kehamilan. Untuk memahami KTD lebih baik dapat dilakukan dengan mengenali faktor apa saja yang berhubungan dengan KTD. Bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor apa saja yang berhubungan dengan Kehamilan Tidak Diinginkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross-sectional menggunakan data sekunder SDKI 2017. Sampel penelitian adalah Wanita Usia Subur yang sedang hamil saat survei dilakukan. Prevalensi kehamilan tidak diinginkan adalah sebesar 7,5% dengan 6,8% merupakan kehamilan yang tidak tepat waktu dan 0,7% kehamilan tidak diinginkan sama sekali. Faktor Intrapersonal, yakni; Usia, [PR 0,59 CI 95%: 0,37-0,97 p-value 0,036], Status Perkawinan [PR 6,03 CI 95% 3,7-9,9 p-value 0,000] dan Paritas [PR 0,42 CI 95% 0,26-0,67 p-value 0,000) dan Faktor Struktural, yaitu; Wilayah Tempat Tinggal [PR 1,625 CI 95% 1,06-2,57 , nilai p = 0,024] memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan Kejadian Kehamilan Tidak Diinginkan di Indonesia tahun 2017. Diperlukan lebih banyak edukasi kesehatan reproduksi yang tak hanya mencakup aspek biologis namun juga akibat dari sosial, mental dan finansial dari KTD. Pemerintah juga perlu menetapkan UU yang lebih ketat terhadap usia minimal perkawinan dan memastikan WUS mendapatkan akses yang baik terhadap kontrasepsi. Selain itu juga surveilans bagi akseptor KB perlu lebih diperhatikan agar perencanaan kehamilan dapat lebih efektif untuk menghindari KTD.
There are approximately 121 million unintended pregnancies globally from 2015 to 2019. Those high numbers show that unplanned pregnancy is still a significant public health problem, especially when half of all unintended pregnancies ended up in abortion. Unwanted pregnancy also brings other negative effects aside from the health aspect, such as social and financial problems. Women who are experiencing unintended pregnancy tend to neglect their, and the fetus’ health such as missing antenatal care, which risks higher pregnancy complications that can lead to maternal death. Maternal and Neonatal Death Rate is one of the indicators for the 3rd SDGs. Contraception is the key to preventing unplanned or unintended pregnancy. It is important to find out what are the factors contributing to Unintended Pregnancies so that we have the correct information that would be considered for making an effective preventative public health policy and health laws. This study aims to recognize the factors related to unintended pregnancy, in hopes that by knowing the risk factors, unintended pregnancy can be prevented. This study was conducted using cross-sectional studies and uses Indonesian DHS 2017 Secondary Data, the sample for this study is women of childbearing age who were currently pregnant during the survey. The prevalence of unintended pregnancy in Indonesia is 7,5%, which consist of 6,8% of mistimed pregnancy and 0,7% of unwanted pregnancy. Intrapersonal Factors such as Age [PR 0,59 CI 95%: 0,37-0,97 p-value 0,036], Marriage Status [PR 6,03 CI 95% 3,7-9,9 p-value 0,001] and Parity [PR 0,42 CI 95% 0,26-0,67 p-value 0,001) and Structural Factor such as Place of Residence [PR 1,625 CI 95% 1,06-2,57 , p value = 0,024] has statistically significant association (p-value <0,05) with the cases of Unintended Pregnancy in Indonesia 2017. More reproductive health education is needed which does not only cover biological aspects but also the social, mental and financial consequences of unwanted pregnancy. The government also needs to enact stricter laws regarding the minimum age for marriage and ensure that women of childbearing age can have good access to contraception. In addition, surveillance for family planning acceptors needs to be paid more attention so that pregnancy planning can be more effective in preventing unwanted pregnancies. Keywords: Unintended Pregnancy, Unwanted Pregnancy, Women of Childbearing Age, Factors related to unintended pregnancy