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Kata kunci : waktu boarding, manajemen tempat tidur, lean thinking
The implementation of the National Health Insurance Program (Program JKN) affects the increased number of patients to emergency unit and boarding patients that resulting crowding in the emergency unit. Koja Hospital has implemented bed management in order to reduce the boarding time of emergency unit patients but has not succeeded, so an effort to help reducing the boarding time of emergency unit patients to inpatient in order to continuous improvement was done using the lean thinking principle. This research uses operational research method and intervention with PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Action) cycle. The study revealed that lean thinking approach could reduce the boarding time of emergency unit patients to hospitalization from the average of 4 hours 45 minutes 18 seconds (34.92%) to 3 hours 25 minutes 59 seconds (68.25%) and decrease the activity of non value added at 2.02% (from 93.16% to 91.14%). Eight types of waste identified can be eliminated except waiting. In order to continuous improvement, bed management should be set as standardized work for the goal of average boarding time of 1 hour 45 minutes 45 seconds with non value added activities less than 89.83% in the future.
Key words : boarding time, bed management, lean thinkin
Keselamatan pasien (patient safety) rumah sakit adalah suatu sistem dimana rumah sakit membuat asuhan pasien lebih aman. Sistem tersebut meliputi: assesmen resiko, identifikasi dan pengelolaan hal yang berhubungan dengan risiko pasien, dan seterusnya. Sejak dideklarasikannya pelaksanaan Patient Safety di Rumah Sakit X pada tahun 2009 hingga tahun 2011, tercatat Insiden Keselamatan Pasien (IKP) sebanyak 171 kasus, dimana IKP paling banyak yaitu sekitar 60% terjadi di pelayanan rawat inap. Melalui penelitian ini, dianalisis penyebab terjadinya IKP di ruang perawatan Rumah Sakit X. Studi dilakukan terhadap 100 perawat pelaksana dengan menggunakan desain cross sectional untuk melihat bentuk hubungan antara variabel individu, kompleksitas pengobatan, kerjama, gangguan/ interupsi, komunikasi, Standar Prosedur Operasional, dan kenyamanan tempat kerja terhadap kejadian IKP.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan variabel karakteristik individu, yang terdiri dari usia, masa kerja, dan kompetensi; dan variabel kerja sama yang memiliki hubungan yang signifikan terhadap kejadian IKP dengan nilai P value masing-masing sebesar 0.028, 0.010, 0.028, dan 0.012. Dengan kata lain variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kejadian IKP adalah variabel karakteristik individu sehingga hasil studi ini bisa menjadi pertimbangan bagi Bagian SDM, Komite Keperawatan dan Bagian Keperawatan Rumah Sakit X dalam melakukan seleksi dan pengembangan SDM Keperawatan dalam upaya meningkatkan keselamatan pasien.
Patient safety is a system to make patient care become safer. The systems include risk assessment, identifying and managing the risks associated with patient, and so on. Since the patient safety program has been declared in "X" Hospital in 2009 until 2011, there are 171 cases recorded as a number of the patient safety incident (PSI), most cases about 60% occur in inpatient unit. Through this study, determinants of PSI in inpatient unit X Hospital are analyzed. Study is applied to 100 nursing staffs by cross sectional study design in order to observe the correlation between variable of individual characteristic, medication complexity, teamwork, interruption, communication, standard of procedure operational, and work place comfortable to PSI.
Result shows that there is a significant correlation between variable of individual characteristic (include age, working time, and levels of competence) and teamwork to PSI, with the P value: 0.028, 0.010, 0.028, and 0.012. In other word, the most significant variable to PSI is individual characteristic variable so it could be a consideration to recruit and do improvement based on patient safety by Human Resources, Nursing Committee and Nursing Unit of X Hospital.
ABSTRAK Nama : Andre Saphir Trisnadi Program Studi : Kajian Administrasi Rumah Sakit Judul : Analisis Penyebab Terjadinya Medication Error Di Unit Rawat Inap RS Pluit Periode Tahun 2017 – 2018 Pembimbing : Vetty Yulianty Permanasari SSi, MPH Latar Belakang : Keselamatan pasien merupakan dasar dalam pelayanan kesehatan di rumah sakit. Rumah sakit dituntut tidak boleh terjadi kesalahan terutama dalam keselamatan pasien yang berhubungan dengan obat, ini merupakan hal yang penting dan harus dikerjakan sesuai dengan prosedur yang berlaku supaya tidak terjadi medication error. Berdasarkan laporan Insiden Keselamatan Pasien tahun 2017 – 2018, didapatkan peningkatan kejadian medication error sebanyak 5 kasus yaitu dari 16 kasus (2017) menjadi 21 kasus (2018). Tentunya peningkatan ini berpengaruh pada keselamatan pasien dan mutu pelayanan, sehingga perlu dilakukan analisis faktor- faktor penyebab terjadinya medication error tersebut supaya tidak terulang lagi.Tujuan : Mengetahui penyebab dan akar masalah pada peningkatan medication error di Unit rawa Inap RS Pluit 2018.Menganalisis faktor- faktor penyebab medication error pada fase prescribing, fase transcribing, fase dispensing dan fase administrationdi unit rawat inap RS Pluit. Metode :Desain penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatifdengan pendekatan eksploratif. Dilakukan pada bulan mei – juni 2019 di Unit rawat inap RS Pluit. Data primer didapatkan dari wawancara menggunakan pedoman wawancara kepada manajemen rumah sakit dan pihak yang terlibat dari awal pembuatan resep sampai obat tersebut diberikan ke pasien. Data primer juga didapatkan dengan cara observasi langsung di farmasi unit rawat inap dan ruang perawatan. Data Sekunder didapatkan dari telaah dokumen dengan menggunakan formulir Check Listdi unit farmasi rawat inap ataupun Subkomite Keselamatan Pasien RS Pluit. Semua data tersebut akan dilakukan triangulasi sehingga didapatkan hasil yang akurat. Hasil: Medication error ditemukan pada keempat fase ( fase prescribing, fase transcribing, fase dispensing dan fase administration) paling banyak pada fase prescribing karena human errordan peresepan manual bukan karena kesalahan regulasi yang sudah berjalan. Kesimpulan : Perlu dipertimbangkan adanya perubahan dari sistem peresepan manual ke elektronik. Perlu lebih sering dilakukan sosialisasi tentang budaya kesela matan pasien, komunikasi yang efektif dan regulasi yang berhubungan dengan farmasi. Kata Kunci : Medication error, Keselamatan Pasien, Sistem Pelaporan Insiden, Peresepan elektronik, Rawat inap
ABSTRACT Name : Andre Saphir Trisnadi Program Study : Master Administration Hospital Title : Analysis of the causes of medication errors in the inpatient unit of Pluit hospital for the period 2017 – 2018 Counsellor : Vetty Yulianty Permanasari SSi, MPH Background: Patient safety is the basis for health services in hospitals. The hospital isdemanded that there should not be an error, especially in patient safety related tomedicine, this is an important matter and must be done according to the procedure so there is no medication error. Based on the Patient Safety Incident report for 2017 - 2018,there was an increase in the incidence of medication errors in 5 cases, from 16 cases(2017) to 21 cases (2018). Of course this increase has an effect on patient safety andservice quality, so it is necessary to analyze the factors that cause the medication errorso that it does not happen again. Objective: To find out the cause and root of the problem in increasing medication error in the inpatient unit of Pluit Hospital 2018. Analyzing the factors that cause medication error in the prescribing phase, phasetranscribing, phase dispensing and phase administration in the inpatient unit of PluitHospital. Method: The design of this study is qualitative research with an explorative approach.Done in May - June 2019 in the inpatient unit of Pluit Hospital. Primary data was obtainedfrom interviews using interview guidelines to hospital management and the parties involved from the beginning of the prescription until the medicine is given to patients. Primary datais also obtained by direct observation in the inpatient pharmacy unit and the inpatient unit. Secondary data is obtained from document studies using the check list form in the inpatientpharmacy units or the Patient Safety Subcommittee of Pluit Hospital. All data will betriangulated so that accurate results are obtained. Results: Medication errors were found in all four phases (prescribing phase, phase transcribing, phase dispensing and administrationphase) at most during the prescribing phase because of human error and manual prescribingwere not due to regulatory errors that were already running. Conclusion: It is necessary toconsider changes from the manual prescribing system to e-prescribing. Socialization ofpatient safety culture, effective communication and regulations related to pharmacy needsto be more frequent. Keywords : Medication errors, Patient safety, Incident reporting system, Electronic Prescription,The Inpatient Unit
Pelaporan kesalahan pelayanan merupakan usaha untuk memperbaiki sistem pelayanan dalam mencapai pelayanan yang aman. RSUD Kab Bekasi dalam mengembangkan program keselamatan pasien sejak tahun 2009, yang terlihat dari laporan tahunan program keselamatan pasien, terdapat indikasi perlunya peningkatan kesadaran setiap personil dalam melaporkan kesalahan pelayanan, termasuk perawat pelaksana di unit rawat inap rumah sakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur persepsi perawat pelaksana dalam melaporkan kesalahan pelayanan serta mencari hubungannya dengan budaya keselamatan pasien, gaya kepemimpinan, dan kerja tim. Penelitian dirancang dengan disain cross sectional dengan menggunakan kuesioner sebagai alat ukur. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada bulan November 2011.Responden merupakan keseluruhan perawat pelaksana di unit rawat inap RSUD Kab. Bekasi dan didapatkan 77 kuesioner yang dapat dianalisa. Data yang diperoleh dianalisa secara univariat dan multivariat dengan menggunakan metode component based structural equation modeling dengan aplikasi komputer SmartPLS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan budaya keselamatan pasien, gaya kepemimpinan, kerja tim dan persepsi pelaporan kesalahan pelayanan oleh perawat dalam penilaian sedang. Didapatkan pula adanya pengaruh baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung budaya keselamatan pasien, gaya kepemimpinan, dan kerja tim terhadap persepsi pelaporan kesalahan pelayanan oleh perawat. Total pengaruh sebesar 89%. Persamaan linier yang didapat dari penelitian ini adalah persepsi pelaporan kesalahan = 0,12.budaya keselamatan pasien + 0,30.kepemimpinan transaksional ? 0,22.kepemimpinan transformasional + 0,37.kerja tim + 0,26. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan perlunya peningkatan faktor-faktor yang terbukti memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap peningkatan pelaporan dapat menjadi dasar usaha perbaikan. Terdapat pula faktor-faktor lain yang tidak masuk dalam model penelitian ini yang mempengaruhi perawat dalam melaporkan kesalahan pelayanan yang masih perlu digali agar pelaporan kesalahan pelayanan di masa depan dapat meningkat.
Reporting errors is an attempt to improve the system in achieving a safe service. From a report in 2010 in RSUD Kab. Bekasi seen that the number of cases or incidents reported has increased, but still needs to improve awareness of any personnel, including nurse in inpatient units. The aim of this study is to measure the nurse?s perception in the reporting of sevice delivery errors and to find a relationship between the behavior to other factors: patient safety culture, leadership style, and team work. This study was using cross-sectional design by questionnaire as a measuring tool. Data was collected in November 2011 from the entire nurse at the inpatient unit of the hospital as respondens. There are 77 questionnaires that can be analyzed. The data obtained were analyzed using multivariate methods by component-based structural equation modeling with computer applications SmartPLS. The results of this study suggest patient safety culture, leadership style, teamwork and the perception of service delivery error reporting by nurses are in intermediate conditions. It was found that there are relationship obtained either directly or indirectly from patient safety culture, leadership style, and teamwork to service delivery error reporting by nurses. This research model can explain the real state of 89%. Linier equation from this model is reporting perception = 0,12.patient safety culture + 0,30.transactional leader ? 0,22.transformational leader + 0,37.team work+ 0,26. From this study it can be concluded that factors that are proven to provide positive influence of this research can be the basis of improvement efforts. In addition, there are other factors that are not included in this study that should be considered that better reporting of medical errors.
it is necessary to measure patient safety culture especially among nurses.This study aims to describe the nurses perception about patient safety culture andhow the implementation of patient safety goals at Setia Mitra Hospital. Thisdescriptive research conducted with quantitative and qualitative approaches.Population in this study is all nurses in Setia Mitra hospital that consist of 77 nurseswith sample 68 nurses.The result of study shows the nurse's perception about patient safety in SetiaMitra hospitals is 72.1% good. Dimension with the most good nurse perception ishospital handoffs and transitions dimension by 75% and at least perceived good ismanagement support dimension of 1.5%. Statistically, age (p value = 0.048), workperiod (p value = 0.016) and the level of nurses (p value = 0.049) have arelationship with the nurses perception on patient safety culture (p <0.05). In theimplementation of patient safety goals in Setia Mitra Hospital, namely 55.15% with agood understanding. It is recommended that patient safety team in the Setia MitraHospital further optimized its duties and functions so that the patient safety culture inhospitals can be improved.Keywords : Patient Safety Culture, Nurse Perception, Patient Safety Goal.
