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The existence of benzene in the glue of footwear is endangering the health of the workers in the footwear workshop because of its toxic and carcinogenic nature. The impact is the disruption of the bone marrow which is where the production of red blood cells, white blood and platelets. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship of benzene exposure through the examination of S-phenylmercapturic acid (S-PMA) concentration in urine on platelet levels in base workshop workers. The design of the study was cross sectional on footwear factory workers in Sukajaya Village with a sample of 73 workers. Samples taken are urine and blood from workers to know the concentration of S-PMA and platelet levels. The concentration of S-PMA was measured by LC-MS / MS and platelets with Automated Hematology Analyzer. Individual characteristics with direct interview. The results showed the value of OR = 2.28 between S-PMA concentration to platelet level. Variables of exercise habits with OR = 1.58 between non-routine exercise on platelets and alcohol consumption OR = 1.78 among those who consume to platelet levels. Multivariable logistic regression test results showed OR = 2.59 workers with S-PMA concentration (> 0.67 μg / g creatinine) on platelet count after controlled for age and alcohol consumption.
Benzene high exposure in working is environment always connected tohematology disorders. This is caused by hematology system is the most criticaltarget network toward benzene exposure through inhaling route. This study aimsto analyze the relation between urinary and leukocytes S-PMA level of informalshoes industrial workers exposed to benzene. This study uses cross sectionaldesign in six informal shoes industries which are located in Cibaduyut with thenumber of sample of 64 workers. Urinary and blood samples are collected on eachsample to measure urinary S-PMA level and the number of leukocytes. Urinary S-PMA level is measured using Automated Hematology Analyzer. Individualcharacteristic data are obtained through direct interview. To measure benzeneconcentration, secondary data of previous study is used. The result of the studyindicates that there is significant correlation between S-PMA level withleukocytes (p value: 0.048) and urinary S-PMA level with the type of job (p value:0.004). By 31.3% workers have urinary S-PMA level more than BEI ACGIH (>25μg/g creatinine). The higher the benzene concentration of indoor air, the moreworkers have urinary S-PMA level > 25 μg/g creatinine. The result of doublelinear regression test finds that there is association tendency between urinary andleukocytes S-PMA level, after it is controlled by type of job, time of work perday, and exercising habit variables. It can be concluded that there is associationbetween urinary S-PMA level and the number of leukocytes decrease.Keywords: benzene, S-phenylmercapturid acid, leukocytes, informal shoesindustries
ABSTRAK Nama : Bayu Rizki Sanjaya Program Studi : Magister Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat Judul : Asosiasi Pajanan Benzene Terhadap Kadar Hemoglobin (Studi Pada Pekerja Laki-Laki Di Industri Sepatu Informal Cibaduyut, Jawa Barat) xvi + 85 halaman, 16 tabel, 9 gambar Benzene merupakan senyawa yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan. Dampak nonkarsinogenik yang diakibatkan diantaranya anemia dan pensitopenia. Pada pajanan benzene ditingkat rendah, menunjukkan adanya perbedaan dampak hematologi. Kadar hemoglobin merupakan salah satu parameter awal yang digunakan untuk mengetahui dampak hematologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengtahui asosiasi pajanan benzene terhadap kadar hemoglobin. hasil penelitian. Metode penelitian. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional. Pemilihan sampel mengggunakan cluster satu tingkat. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 71 pekerja laki-laki responden. Pengukuran benzene menggunakan metode NIOSH 1501, pemeriksaan kadar hemoglobin menggunakan automated hematlogy analyzer. Lama kerja, usia, status merokok, konsumsi alkohol dan riwayat infeksi diukur menggunakan kuesioner Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata pajanan benzene adalah 0,34 ppm dan kadar hemoglobin pekerja laki-laki adalah15,34 ± 1,14 g/dL. Berdasarkan analisis statistik, rata-rata kadar hemoglobin pajanan benzene ≤ 0,50 ppm adalah 15.15 g/dL (95% CI : 14.80 - 15.50) dan pada pajanan benzene 0,51 – 1 ppm adalah g/dL 15.55 (95% CI : 15.19 - 15.91). Pekerja dengan lama kerja lebih dari 6 tahun memiliki kadar hemoglobin lebih rendah 0,7 g/dL (95% CI: -1.32 s.d. -0.13) dibandingkan pekerja dengan lama kerja kurang dari 6 tahun. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pajanan benzene di bawah 1 ppm tidak ada asosiasi yang signifikan terhadap kadar hemoglobin, namun pekerja terdapat indikasi bahwa durasi pajanan yang diukur dengan lama kerja berasosiasi dengan penurunan hemoglobin. Kata kunci: benzene, hemoglobin, pekerja laki-laki
ABSTRACT Name : Bayu Rizki Sanjaya Program of Study : Master of Public Health Title of Thesis : Association of benzene exposures and hemoglobin (Study among the footware male workers in Cibaduyut West Java) xvi + 85 pages, 16 tables, 9 pictures Benzene is one of the chemical substances which can cause some health effect. Noncarcinogenics effect can caused by benzene is anemia and pancytopenia. Benzene at lower concentrations have is conflicting evidence on potential hematological effects. Hemoglobin is one of hematological paramaters of hematological effects. The purpose of this study to explain association benzene exposure and effect of hemoglobin. Cross sectional study design was used, and 71 male workers selected by cluster random sampling. Benzene measurement used NIOSH 1501 method and hemoglobin measurement used by automated hematalogy analyzer. Confounding factors such as work duration, age, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and history of infection measurements by questionnares. The results showed that means of benzene exposure is 0,34 ppm and means of hemoglobin is 15,34 ± 1,14 g/dL. Statistical analysis showed that means of hemoglobin at benzene exposure ≤ 0,50 ppm is 15.15 g/dL (95% CI : 14.80 - 15.50) and means of hemoglobin at benzene exposure 0,51 - 1 ppm is 15.55 g/dL (95% CI : 15.19 - 15.91). Male-workers that work duration more than 6 yearshave decreased of hemoglobin 0,7 g/dL (95% CI: -1.32 s.d. -0.13). The conclution is benzene exposure below 1 ppm statistically not association with hemoglobin. However long-time exposure of benzene that measure with work duration statistically significant with decreased of hemoglobin. Keywords: benzene, hemoglobin, male workers
