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Kata kunci: tumor payudara, riwayat reproduksi, hormonal, estrogen, cross-sectional
Neoplasm or tumor generally means an abnormal cell growth in the body. Breast tumors can be a risk factor for breast cancer which is the most common cancer in women. The incindence increases every year in Indonesia. At present, breast tumors do not only attack the elderly, but also at young age. Some studies show factors associated with breast tumors. Therefore, this study aimed to study the association of the reproductive history with tumor incidence in young women in Indonesia in 2016. This study used a crosssectional study design using secondary data from the Riset PTM 2016 (Noncommunicable Disease Research 2016). The sample was 14,891 respondents aged under 40 years who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The variables used in this study were independent variables consisting of age of menarche, age of first birth, marital status, breasfeeding history, the use of hormonal contraception; and the dependent variable is the incidence of breast tumors. The results showed an association between menarche age (OR = 1,294), marital status (OR = 1,568), age of first birth (OR = 1,570), breasteeding history (OR = 1,422), and the use of hormonal contraception (OR = 0,721) with breast tumors in young women in Indonesia This can be caused by the role of estrogen and progesterone reproductive hormones that result excessive proliferation.
Keywords: breast tumors, reproductive history, hormones, estrogen, cross-sectional
High-risk Human Papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is the necessary factor for the development of cervical cancer. The use of hormonal contraception has been associated with HR-HPV risk infection. However, the existing study results are not conclusive. There is very limited relevant data available in Indonesia. Hence, this study is aimed to evaluate the association between the use of hormonal contraceptives and infection risk of HR-HPV based on data from a 2019 screening program held by Indonesian Cancer Foundation, Jakarta branch, in Jakarta. This is a case-control study using secondary data from a cervical cancer screening program in Jakarta during January-December 2019. The case group is subjects with positive HPV-DNA test results from Hybrid Capture 2. The control group is randomly selected from the screening participants with negative HPV-DNA test results, with a ratio with the case is 2:1, and frequency matched based on area of domicile. Data is analyzed using multivariate analysis, unconditional logistic regression. The number of case in this study is 172 and 344 subjects in the control group. The prevalence of HR-HPV infection from the whole screening program is 6,56%. Most study participants were not using any kind of contraception methods (62,79% cases; 49,13% control). The risk of HR-HPV is crude OR 0,64 (95% CI 0,39-1,04, p=0,06) and adjusted OR 0,97 (95% CI 0,53-1,79; p=0,93). in current user of hormonal contraceptives. Whilst the association in the past users of hormonal contraception prior the test is crude OR 0,55 (95%CI 0,37-0,83; p=0,002) and adjusted OR 0,53 (95% 0,34-0,82; p=0,005). There is no significant association between the current user of hormonal contraceptives and the risk of HR-HPV infection. On the other hand there is a significant negative association in the past user group.
ABSTRAK Nama : Hairida Anggun Kusuma Program Studi : Pascasarjana Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat Judul : Faktor-faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Lesi Prakanker Serviks di Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur Tahun 2017 Permasalahan kanker serviks di Indonesia sangat khas yaitu banyak dan lebih dari 70% kasus ditemukan pada stadium lanjut pada saat datang ke rumah sakit. Peningkatan upaya penanganan kanker serviks, terutama dalam bidang pencegahan dan deteksi dini sangat diperlukan oleh setiap pihak yang terlibat. Penelitian kasus kontrol ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian lesi prakanker serviks. Penelitian melibatkan 102 kasus dan 306 kontrol dari cacatan medis pemeriksaan deteksi dini kanker leher rahim dan payudara tahun 2013 – 2016. Penelitian di 11 puskesmas yang telah melaksanakan pemeriksaan IVA di Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat dengan chi square dan multivariat dengan regresi logistik ganda untuk mengetahui faktor yang paling dominan. Sebagian besar umur responden ≤35 tahun, pendidikan dasar, tidak bekerja, tidak mempunyai riwayat kanker, usia melakukan hubungan seksual >17 tahun, punya pasangan seksual satu, tidak pernah menggunakan kontrasepsi oral >5 tahun, paritas ≥4 dan tidak pernah pap smear. Sedangkan untuk paparan asap rokok sama besar antara yang terpapar dan tidak terpapar. Hasil regresi logistik ganda menemukan terpapar asap rokok dengan (OR 1,9 95% CI 1,1 – 3), riwayat kanker keluarga (OR 2,5 95% CI 1,3-4,6), paritas ≥4 (OR 2 95% CI 0,9 – 4,4) dan jumlah pasangan seksual lebih dari 1 (OR 1,5 95% CI 0,9 – 2,8) dan faktor yang paling dominan adalah riwayat kanker keluarga. Kata kunci: Lesi prakanker serviks; paparan asap rokok; riwayat kanker keluarga.
ABSTRACT Name : Hairida Anggun Kusuma Study Program : Postgraduate Public Health Faculty Title : Factors Related to Cervical Precancerous Lesions in East Kotawaringin District 2017 The problem of cervical cancer in Indonesia is very distinctive that many and more than 70% of cases are found at an advanced stage upon arrival to the hospital. Increased efforts to treat cervical cancer, especially in the field of prevention and early detection is needed by each party involved. This case-control study aims to determine risk factors associated with the incidence of cervical precancer lesions. The study included 102 cases and 306 controls derived from medical records examining early detection of cervical and breast cancers from 2013 to 2016. The study was at 11 puskesmas who had performed VIA examination in East Kotawaringin District. Data analysis was done univariat, bivariate with chi square and multivariate with logistic regression to know the most dominant factor. Most of the respondents aged ≤35 years, primary education, unemployment, no history of cancer, age of sexual intercourse >17 years, had one sexual partner, never used oral contraceptives >5 years, parity ≥4 and never pap smear. As for exposed by smoke as large between the exposed and not exposed. The result of logistic regression showed exposed to cigarette smoke (OR 1,9 95% CI 1,1 – 3), family cancer history (OR 2,5 95% CI 1,3-4,6), parity ≥4 (OR 2 95% CI 0,9 – 4,4) dan sexual multipartner (OR 1,5 95% CI 0,9 – 2,8) and the more dominant risk factor was family history of cancer. Keywords: cervical precancerous lesions;exposed by smoke; family history of cancer
